The theory of waves is generalized on cases of strongly nonlinear waves, multivalued waves, and particle-waves. The appearance of these waves in various continuous media and physical fields is explained by resonances and nonlinearity effects. Extreme waves emerging in different artificial and natural systems from atom scale to the Universe are explored. Vast amounts of experimental data and comparisons of them with the results of the developed theory are presented. The book was written for graduate students as well as for researchers and engineers in the fields of geophysics, nonlinear wave studies, cosmology, physical oceanography, and ocean and coastal engineering. It is designed as a professional reference for those working in the wave analysis and modeling fields.

A study in the development of flow adaptive numerical schemes in computational hydraulics directed to enhancing modelling capabilities. Examples covered include additional flow resistance due to flexible vegetation; one-dimensional supercritical flow; and flow in networks of channels.

Modeling of Extreme Waves in Technology and Nature is a two-volume set, comprising Evolution of Extreme Waves and Resonances (Volume I) and Extreme Waves and Shock-Excited Processes in Structures and Space Objects (Volume II). The theory of waves is generalized on cases of extreme waves. The formation and propagation of extreme waves of various physical and mechanical nature (surface, elastoplastic, fracture, thermal, evaporation) in liquid and solid media, and in structural elements contacting with bubbly and cryogenic liquids are considered analytically and numerically. The occurrence of tsunamis, giant ocean waves, turbulence, and different particle-waves is described as resonant natural phenomena. Nonstationary and periodic waves are considered using models of continuum. The change in the state of matter is taken into account using wide-range determining equations. The desire for the simplest and at the same time general description of extreme wave phenomena that takes the reader to the latest achievements of science is the main thing that characterizes this book and is revolutionary for wave theory. A description of a huge number of observations, experimental data, and calculations is also given.

A history of acoustics from the 19th century to the present, written by one of the pre-eminent members of the acoustical community. The book is both a review of the major scientific advances in acoustics as well as an account of famous acousticians and their discoveries, taking in the development of the Acoustical Society of America. Acoustics is distinguished by its interdisciplinary nature and the book duly explores the fields development in its relationship to other sciences. In addition to covering the history of acoustics, the book concludes with the future of acoustics. Beautifully illustrated.

The book deals with the propagation and absorption of high frequency waves in plasmas (hot, fully ionized gases). Research in this field is very active in controlled fusion research, i.e. the quest for energy from nuclear reactions similar to those going on within the sun, and in astrophysics, i.e. the study of space plasmas in the earth ionosphere, stars, and galaxies. The text collects in a structured and self-contained way the basic knowledge on the broad and varied behaviour of plasma waves, adopting the microscopic kinetic description of the plasma as unifying principle. The internal coherence of the theory is explicity stressed, and very interesting physical phenomena peculiar to plasmas, such as collisionless damping of waves, the development of stochasticity in the interactions of charged particles with electromagnetic waves, and nonlinear interactions between waves, are discussed in detail. The most common and useful approximations used in solving practical problems are derived as special cases from the more general kinetic approach, thereby clarifying their meaning and domain of applicability. This exposition should be useful to plasma physicists both as an introduction and a reference to this field of research. Because of its multi-disciplinary aspects it might also be of interest to people specializing in kinetic theory, classical electromagnetism, or classical mechanics, as a nontrivial example of application of the methods of these fields to the unconventional plasma medium.

This book addresses the modelling of mechanical waves by asking the right questions about them and trying to find suitable answers. The questions follow the analytical sequence from elementary understandings to complicated cases, following a step-by-step path towards increased knowledge. The focus is on waves in elastic solids, although some examples also concern non-conservative cases for the sake of completeness. Special attention is paid to the understanding of the influence of microstructure, nonlinearity and internal variables in continua. With the help of many mathematical models for describing waves, physical phenomena concerning wave dispersion, nonlinear effects, emergence of solitary waves, scales and hierarchies of waves as well as the governing physical parameters are analysed. Also, the energy balance in waves and non-conservative models with energy influx are discussed. Finally, all answers are interwoven into the canvas of complexity.

The theory of waves is generalized on cases when waves change medium in which they appear and propagate. A reaction of structural elements and space objects to the dynamic actions of the different nature, durations, and intensities is studied. It considers the effects of transitions in the state and phase equations of media on the formation and propagation of extreme waves as a result of power, thermal, or laser pulsed action. The influence of cavitation and cool boiling of liquids, geometric and physical nonlinearity of walls on containers' strength, and the formation of extreme waves is studied. The theory can be also used to optimize impulse technology, in particular, in the optimization of explosive processing of sheet metal by explosion in a liquid. This book was written for researchers and engineers, as well as graduate students in the fields of thermal fluids, aerospace, nuclear engineering, and nonlinear waves.

Aerodynamic Noise extensively covers the theoretical basis and mathematical modeling of sound, especially the undesirable sounds produced by aircraft. This noise could come from an aircraft's engine-propellers, fans, combustion chamber, jets-or the vehicle itself-external surfaces-or from sonic booms. The majority of the sound produced is due to the motion of air and its interaction with solid boundaries, and this is the main discussion of the book. With problem sets at the end of each chapter, Aerodynamic Noise is ideal for graduate students of mechanical and aerospace engineering. It may also be useful for designers of cars, trains, and wind turbines.

This definitive textbook provides students with a comprehensive introduction to acoustics. Beginning with the basic physical ideas, Acoustics balances the fundamentals with engineering aspects, applications and electroacoustics, also covering music, speech and the properties of human hearing. The concepts of acoustics are exposed and applied in:

• room acoustics
• sound insulation in buildings
• noise control
• underwater sound and ultrasound.

Scientifically thorough, but with mathematics kept to a minimum, Acoustics is the perfect introduction to acoustics for students at any level of mechanical, electrical or civil engineering courses and an accessible resource for architects, musicians or sound engineers requiring a technical understanding of acoustics and their applications.

This definitive textbook provides students with a comprehensive introduction to acoustics. Beginning with the basic physical ideas, Acoustics balances the fundamentals with engineering aspects, applications and electroacoustics, also covering music, speech and the properties of human hearing. The concepts of acoustics are exposed and applied in:

• room acoustics
• sound insulation in buildings
• noise control
• underwater sound and ultrasound.

Scientifically thorough, but with mathematics kept to a minimum, Acoustics is the perfect introduction to acoustics for students at any level of mechanical, electrical or civil engineering courses and an accessible resource for architects, musicians or sound engineers requiring a technical understanding of acoustics and their applications.

"Provides a lot of reading pleasure and many new insights." —Journal of Molecular Structure

"This is the most entertaining, stimulating and useful book which can be thoroughly recommended to anyone with an interest in computer simulation." —Contemporary Physics

"A very useful introduction . . . more interesting to read than the often dry equation-based texts." —Journal of the American Chemical Society

Written especially for the novice, Molecular Dynamics Simulation demonstrates how molecular dynamics simulations work and how to perform them, focusing on how to devise a model for specific molecules and then how to simulate their movements using a computer. This book provides a collection of methods that until now have been scattered through the literature of the last 25 years. It reviews elements of sampling theory and discusses how modern notions of chaos and nonlinear dynamics explain the workings of molecular dynamics.

Stresses easy-to-use molecules

• Provides sample calculations and figures
• Includes four complete FORTRAN codes

Up-to-date coverage of the analysis and applications of coplanar waveguides to microwave circuits and antennas

The unique feature of coplanar waveguides, as opposed to more conventional waveguides, is their uniplanar construction, in which all of the conductors are aligned on the same side of the substrate. This feature simplifies manufacturing and allows faster and less expensive characterization using on-wafer techniques.

Coplanar Waveguide Circuits, Components, and Systems is an engineer’s complete resource, collecting all of the available data on the subject. Rainee Simons thoroughly discusses propagation parameters for conventional coplanar waveguides and includes valuable details such as the derivation of the fundamental equations, physical explanations, and numerical examples. Coverage also includes:

• Discontinuities and circuit elements
• Transitions to other transmission media
• Directional couplers, hybrids, and magic T
• Microelectromechanical systems based switches and phase shifters
• Tunable devices using ferroelectric materials
• Photonic bandgap structures
• Printed circuit antennas

Advanced Applications in Acoustics, Noise and Vibration provides comprehensive and up-to-date overviews of knowledge, applications and research activities in a range of topics that are of current interest in the practice of engineering acoustics and vibration technology. The thirteen chapters are grouped into four parts: signal processing, acoustic modelling, environmental and industrial acoustics, and vibration. Following on from its companion volume Fundamentals of Noise and Vibration this book is based partly on material covered in a selection of elective modules in the second semester of the Masters programme in 'Sound and Vibration Studies' of the Institute of Sound and Vibration Research at the University of Southampton, UK and partly on material presented in the annual ISVR short course 'Advanced Course in Acoustics, Noise and Vibration'.

Acoustics of Nanodispersed Magnetic Fluids presents key information on the acoustic properties of magnetic fluids. The book is based on research carried out by the author as well as on many publications in both the Russian and foreign scientific literature from 1969 onwards. It describes a wide variety of topics, which together lay the foundation of a new scientific research area: the acoustics of nanodispersed media. The book examines the nanoscale structure of matter in specific areas and discusses the following: Model theory and known features of the propagation of sound waves in magnetised fluids Acoustomagnetic and magnetoacoustic effects in magnetic fluids Acoustomagnetic spectroscopy of vibrational modes in the liquid-shell system Vibration and rheological effects of magnetised magnetic fluids Acoustometry of the shape of magnetic nanoaggregates and non-magnetic microaggregates Acoustogranulometry, a new method for studying the physical properties of magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in a carrier fluid The book is a valuable resource for engineers and researchers in the fields of acoustics, physical acoustics, magnetic hydrodynamics, and rheology physics. The experimental methods, which are described in this book, are based on incompatible features of magnetic fluids, i.e. strong magnetism, fluidity and compressibility. As a result, this can find industrial application in advanced technology. It is also useful for both advanced undergraduate and graduate students studying nanotechnology, materials science, physical and applied acoustics.

INTRODUCTORY APPLICATIONS OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
With Emphasis on Wave Propagation and Diffusion
This is the ideal text for students and professionals who have some familiarity with partial differential equations, and who now wish to consolidate and expand their knowledge. Unlike most other texts on this topic, it interweaves prior knowledge of mathematics and physics, especially heat conduction and wave motion, into a presentation that demonstrates their interdependence. The result is a superb teaching text that reinforces the reader's understanding of both mathematics and physics. Rather than presenting the mathematics in isolation and out of context, problems in this text are framed to show how partial differential equations can be used to obtain specific information about the physical system being analyzed.
Designed for upper-level students, professionals and researchers in engineering, applied mathematics, physics, and optics, Professor Lamb's text is lucid in its presentation and comprehensive in its coverage of all the important topic areas, including:
* One-Dimensional Problems
* The Laplace Transform Method
* Two and Three Dimensions
* Green's Functions
* Spherical Geometry
* Fourier Transform Methods
* Perturbation Methods
* Generalizations and First Order Equations

In addition, this text includes a supplementary chapter of selected topics and handy appendices that review Fourier Series, Laplace Transform, Sturm-Liouville Equations, Bessel Functions, and Legendre Polynomials.

This text is written by researchers at BT Laboratories and at universities who have investigated a set of problems in vision, speech and natural language. It presents a diversity of approaches to the solution of these problems, based on a range of neural network paradigms. The book also includes sections on implementation, which discuss some approaches to hardware realization; and architectures, which describe new ideas and algorithms. The findings discussed here should be of interest not only to those working in the applications areas discussed, but also to people working more widely in the field of neural networks. This book should be of interest to working researchers and graduate students in neural networks.

This illustrated guide to 100 of the world's most important concert halls and opera houses examines their architecture and engineering and discusses their acoustical quality as judged by conductors and music critics. The descriptions and photographs will serve as a valuable guide for today's peripatetic performers and music lovers. With technical discussions relegated to appendices, the book can be read with pleasure by anyone interested in musical performance. The photographs (specially commissioned for this book) and architectural drawings (all to the same scale) together with modern acoustical data on each of the halls provide a rich and unmatched resource on the design of halls for presenting musical performances. Together with the technical appendices, the data and drawings will serve as an invaluable reference for architects and engineers involved in the design of spaces for the performance of music. Leo Beranek is an internationally recognized authority in acoustics who has consulted on the design of dozens of important auditoriums around the World. He has received the highest honors of the Acoustical Society of America and of the Audio Engineering Society.||Some praise for the previous edition:||"No one has done more to unlock for musicians the scientific mysteries of acoustics and for acousticians an appreciation of the aesthetic experience of musicians and listeners."|- Philip Gossett, Professor of Music, University of Chicago||"Directed in large part to musicians and concert goers, it is as easy to read as it is informative . . . the descriptions [of concert halls] are a terrific asset to visiting conductors."|- Yuzo Toyama, Conductor||"Provides an invaluable resource for the understanding and design of music facilities."|- I.M. Pei, Architect

A bestseller in its first edition, Wavelets and Other Orthogonal Systems: Second Edition has been fully updated to reflect the recent growth and development of this field, especially in the area of multiwavelets. The authors have incorporated more examples and numerous illustrations to help clarify concepts. They have also added a considerable amount of new material, including sections addressing impulse trains, an alternate approach to periodic wavelets, and positive wavelet s. Other new discussions include irregular sampling in wavelet subspaces, hybrid wavelet sampling, interpolating multiwavelets, and several new statistics topics.

With cutting-edge applications in data compression, image analysis, numerical analysis, and acoustics wavelets remain at the forefront of current research. Wavelets and Other Orthogonal Systems maintains its mathematical perspective in presenting wavelets in the same setting as other orthogonal systems, thus allowing their advantages and disadvantages to be seen more directly. Now even more student friendly, the second edition forms an outstanding text not only for graduate students in mathematics, but also for those interested in scientific and engineering applications.

This open access book provides a concise explanation of the fundamentals and background of the surround sound recording and playback technology Ambisonics. It equips readers with the psychoacoustical, signal processing, acoustical, and mathematical knowledge needed to understand the inner workings of modern processing utilities, special equipment for recording, manipulation, and reproduction in the higher-order Ambisonic format. The book comes with various practical examples based on free software tools and open scientific data for reproducible research. The book's introductory section offers a perspective on Ambisonics spanning from the origins of coincident recordings in the 1930s to the Ambisonic concepts of the 1970s, as well as classical ways of applying Ambisonics in first-order coincident sound scene recording and reproduction that have been practiced since the 1980s. As, from time to time, the underlying mathematics become quite involved, but should be comprehensive without sacrificing readability, the book includes an extensive mathematical appendix. The book offers readers a deeper understanding of Ambisonic technologies, and will especially benefit scientists, audio-system and audio-recording engineers. In the advanced sections of the book, fundamentals and modern techniques as higher-order Ambisonic decoding, 3D audio effects, and higher-order recording are explained. Those techniques are shown to be suitable to supply audience areas ranging from studio-sized to hundreds of listeners, or headphone-based playback, regardless whether it is live, interactive, or studio-produced 3D audio material.

Sound reinforcement is the increasing of the power of sound signals and reproducing them as acoustic signals. This book gives an introduction to the fundamentals of sound reinforcement engineering, and also explains how it relates to disciplines such as room acoustics. It discusses in detail the components and layout of sound reinforcement systems and gives examples and case studies of successfully installed systems.

With the appearance and fast evolution of high performance materials, mechanical, chemical and process engineers cannot perform effectively without fluid processing knowledge. The purpose of this book is to explore the systematic application of basic engineering principles to fluid flows that may occur in fluid processing and related activities.
In Viscous Fluid Flow, the authors develop and rationalize the mathematics behind the study of fluid mechanics and examine the flows of Newtonian fluids. Although the material deals with Newtonian fluids, the concepts can be easily generalized to non-Newtonian fluid mechanics. The book contains many examples. Each chapter is accompanied by problems where the chapter theory can be applied to produce characteristic results.
Fluid mechanics is a fundamental and essential element of advanced research, even for those working in different areas, because the principles, the equations, the analytical, computational and experimental means, and the purpose are common.

This textbook is the student edition of the work on vibrations, dynamics and structural systems. There are exercises included at the end of each chapter.

This best-selling book introduces a broad audience including scientists and engineers working in a variety of fields as well as mathematicians from other subspecialties to one of the most active new areas of applied mathematics and the story of its discovery and development. Organized in "hypertext fashion," the book tells a story of scientific discovery with separate brief entries for technical terms and explicit appendices in a section called "Beyond Plain English."

Noise is everywhere and in most applications that are related to audio and speech, such as human-machine interfaces, hands-free communications, voice over IP (VoIP), hearing aids, teleconferencing/telepresence/telecollaboration systems, and so many others, the signal of interest (usually speech) that is picked up by a microphone is generally contaminated by noise. As a result, the microphone signal has to be cleaned up with digital signal processing tools before it is stored, analyzed, transmitted, or played out. This cleaning process is often called noise reduction and this topic has attracted a considerable amount of research and engineering attention for several decades. One of the objectives of this book is to present in a common framework an overview of the state of the art of noise reduction algorithms in the single-channel (one microphone) case. The focus is on the most useful approaches, i.e., filtering techniques (in different domains) and spectral enhancement methods. The other objective of Noise Reduction in Speech Processing is to derive all these well-known techniques in a rigorous way and prove many fundamental and intuitive results often taken for granted. This book is especially written for graduate students and research engineers who work on noise reduction for speech and audio applications and want to understand the subtle mechanisms behind each approach. Many new and interesting concepts are presented in this text that we hope the readers will find useful and inspiring.

Audio for Television outlinines all the relevant principles and practices. Newcomers to the field will find it an invaluable, up to date resource and experienced sound people will gain from the explanations of new technology. The rate of change in the technology of television sound has recently accelerated to such a degree that it is now a sufficiently expansive subject to warrant a book of its own. These rapid changes, from the introduction first of stereo, then multi-channel or surround sound, have made it difficult for those working in this field to keep up with the technology and even harder for those just setting out on a career in television sound. The book considers analog and digital audio as alternatives and stresses the advantages of both. Microphone and loudspeaker technology is also discussed in some detail and audio recording and routing and transmission are also covered.