The book contains the discussion of some important aspects of localization and fracture phenomena in inelastic solids (single crystals, polycrystalline solids and geological materials). Physical and experimental foundations of crystal plasticity are given. Constitutive modelling of dissipative solids for description of localization and fracture is presented. Various regularization methods for solution of the initial-boundary value problems are outlined. Numerical solutions based on finite element method of practicular evolution problems with localization of plastic deformation are considered.

This book is addressed to professionals active in the design and operation of power plants and those involved in supporting research and development activities in high temperature materials. Following an introduction, typical operating conditions of pressure vessels, pipe-line elements and turbine blades and vanes are described. This includes both steadystate and transient loading. Advanced problems are also covered, such as structural problems, associated with power plant materials, deformation and fracture at high temperatures. Distinctions are made between the processes of crack initiation and crack growth in conducting lifetime assessments. Failure prevention methods, thermal shock problems, details of damage analysis and the possibilities of life extension are also covered.

This book is devoted to the high-cycle fatigue behaviour of metal components, thus covering essential needs of current industrial design. The new developments included in the book rely on the use of the mesoscopic scale approach in metal fatigue and allow the specific handling of such difficult fatigue problems as multiaxial, non-proportional loading conditions.

A report from the RILEM Technical Committee 119. This text presents models and methods to determine thermal stresses and cracking risks in concrete. Possible influences on and causes of thermal cracking of concrete are discussed and cases of practical measures for avoiding cracking are detailed. The book should be of interest to concrete technologists; researchers on concrete structures and technology; prime building contractors and building authorities.

All materials contain numerous defects, such as microcracks, microvoids, inhomogeneities, dislocations, etc., which precede possible fracture. Thus mathematical modeling becomes necessary. This volume contains some introductory material, aspects of fracture mechanics, the theory of crystal defects, computational micromechanics, and the heterogenization methodology.

Fatigue of engineering materials is a very complicated process that is difficult to accurately describe and predict. It is no doubt nowadays, that a fatigue of real materials should be regarded as a random phenomenon and analyzed by use of stochastic theory. This volume of the lectures sumarises the latest achievements in stochastic modelling and analysis of fatigue. The lectures cover the following important aspects of modern analysis of fatigue: methodology of stochastic modelling of fatigue, tools for characterization of random fatigue loads, physical and mechanical aspects of random fatigue, basic stochastic models for fatigue and the estimation of fatigue reliability of specific structural systems.

This text includes coverage of the following topics: stress-induced crack path in Aji granite under tensile stress; relation of fracture resistance to fabric for granitic rocks; and the mechanisms of finite brittle strain.

Recognized authors contributed to this collection of original papers from all fields of research in continuum mechanics. Special emphasis is given to time dependent and independent permanent deformations, damage and fracture. Part of the contributions is dedicated to current efforts in describing material behavior with regard to, e.g., anisotropy, thermal effects, softening, ductile and brittle fracture, porosity and granular structure. Another part deals with numerical aspects arising from the implementation of material laws in the calculations of forming processes, soil mechanics and structural mechanics. Applications of theory and numerical methods belong to the following areas: Comparison with experimental results from material testing, metal forming under thermal and dynamic conditions, failure by damage, fracture and localized deformation modes. The variety of treated topics provides a survery of the actual research in these fields; therefore, the book is addressed to those interested in special problems of continuum mechanics as well as to those interested in a general knowledge.

Experimental stress analysis is an important tool in the overall design and development of machinery and structures. While analytical techniques and computer solutions are available during the design stage, the results are still dependent on many assumptions that must be made in order to adapt them to the problems at hand. One popular method of finding structural and design weaknesses is through the use of the electrical resistance strain gage. These devices are relatively low in cost, easily applied by a reasonably skilled technician, and require little investment in instrumentation (for the general user), yet they yield a wealth of information in a relatively short time period. The information and its validity is, of course, dependent on the training and knowledge of the engineer who plans the tests and reduces the data. In addition to serving as a reference for engineers, this practical, instructive book has a high potential as a textbook for senior and first-year graduate students in engineering and related fields, such as engineering physics and geology. A solutions manual is available to instructors using the book as a text. To request a free copy of the manual, please write: Peter Gordon, Engineering Editor, Oxford University Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016.

This book provides an up-to-date knowledge on theory and experimental results of rate-dependent fracture processes in metallic materials. The objective is to expose the current status of a growing branch of fracture mechanics called generally "Dynamic Fracture." Crack dynamics takes into account not only the effects of inertia but also rate sensitivity of a material under consideration. This volume has been prepared by four leading authorities in fracture dynamics: D.R. Curran, J.F. Kalthoff, J.R. Klepaczko and F. Nilsson. A broad range of problem is covered: dynamic fracture theory, application of dynamic fracture mechanics, dynamic crack inition and microstatistical fracture mechanics in dynamic fracture. The book in its present format may serve as a text supplement in lecturing on fracture mechanics. On the other hand, it may serve as an instructional aid in engineering of fracture prevention.

This book is about the use of fracture mechanics for the solution of practical problems; academic rigor is not at issue and dealt with only in as far as it improves insight and understanding; it often concerns secondary errors in engineering. Knowledge of (ignorance of) such basic input as loads and stresses in practical cases may cause errors far overshadowing those introduced by shortcomings of fracture mechanics and necessary approximations; this is amply demonstrated in the text. I have presented more than three dozen 40-hour courses on fracture mechanics and damage tolerance analysis, so that I have probably more experience in teaching the subject than anyone else. I learned more than the students, and became cognizant of difficulties and of the real concerns in applications. In particular I found, how a subject should be explained to appeal to the practicing engineer to demonstrate that his practical problem can indeed be solved with engineering methods. This experience is reflected in the presenta tions in this book. Sufficient background is provided for an understanding of the issues, but pragamatism prevails. Mathematics cannot be avoided, but they are presented in a way that appeals to insight and intuition, in lieu of formal derivations which would show but the mathematical skill of the writer."

This book of problem sets and answers, based on notes for a graduate course in structural geology at UCLA, is a review of the mathematics of vectors and of stress and strain, including finite strain. The main purpose of the problem sets is to "Illuminate branches of physics pertinent to geology, including structural geology, glaciology, crystallography, crystal physics, the geophysics of heat flow and others." Students of geology who have only a modest background in mathematics may wish to become familiar with theories of stress, strain, and other tensor quantities, so that they can follow, and apply to their own research, developments in modern, quantitative geology. A set of 136 progressively more complex problems is introduced in eight chapters, which advance from vector algebra in standard and subscript notations to the mathematical description of finite strain and its compounding and decomposition. A complete set of fully worked solutions for the problems makes up the largest part of the book. With its help, students, guided by an instructor or self-taught, can avoid pitfalls and monitor their progress. Eventually, geologists who have worked their way through these problems should be able to confidently use the subscript and matrix notations and to formulate and solve tensor problems on their own.

Advanced Fracture Mechanics and Structural Integrity is organized to cover quantitative descriptions of crack growth and fracture phenomena. The mechanics of fracture are explained, emphasizing elastic-plastic and time-dependent fracture mechanics. Applications are presented, using examples from power generation, aerospace, marine, and chemical industries, with focus on predicting the remaining life of structural components and advanced testing metods for structural materials. Numerous examples and end-of-chapter problems are provided, along with references to encourage further study.The book is written for use in an advanced graduate course on fracture mechanics or structural integrity.

Introduces the theory and applications of the extended finite element method (XFEM) in the linear and nonlinear problems of continua, structures and geomechanics * Explores the concept of partition of unity, various enrichment functions, and fundamentals of XFEM formulation. * Covers numerous applications of XFEM including fracture mechanics, large deformation, plasticity, multiphase flow, hydraulic fracturing and contact problems * Accompanied by a website hosting source code and examples

Explains why pipeline stress corrosion cracking happens and how it can be prevented

Pipelines sit at the heart of the global economy. When they are in good working order, they deliver fuel to meet the ever-growing demand for energy around the world. When they fail due to stress corrosion cracking, they can wreak environmental havoc.

This book skillfully explains the fundamental science and engineering of pipeline stress corrosion cracking based on the latest research findings and actual case histories. The author explains how and why pipelines fall prey to stress corrosion cracking and then offers tested and proven strategies for preventing, detecting, and monitoring it in order to prevent pipeline failure.

"Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipelines" begins with a brief introduction and then explores general principals of stress corrosion cracking, including two detailed case studies of pipeline failure. Next, the author covers: Near-neutral pH stress corrosion cracking of pipelinesHigh pH stress corrosion cracking of pipelinesStress corrosion cracking of pipelines in acidic soil environmentsStress corrosion cracking at pipeline weldsStress corrosion cracking of high-strength pipeline steels

The final chapter is dedicated to effective management and mitigation of pipeline stress corrosion cracking. Throughout the book, the author develops a number of theoretical models and concepts based on advanced microscopic electrochemical measurements to help readers better understand the occurrence of stress corrosion cracking.

By examining all aspects of pipeline stress corrosion cracking--the causes, mechanisms, and management strategies--this book enables engineers to construct better pipelines and then maintain and monitor them to ensure safe, reliable energy supplies for the world.

Mechanics of Fatigue addresses the range of topics concerning damage, fatigue, and fracture of engineering materials and structures. The core of this resource builds upon the synthesis of micro- and macro-mechanics of fracture. In micromechanics, both the modeling of mechanical phenomena on the level of material structure and the continuous approach are based on the use of certain internal field parameters characterizing the dispersed micro-damage. This is referred to as continuum damage mechanics. The author develops his own theory for macromechanics, called analytical fracture mechanics. This term means the system cracked body - loading or loading device - is considered as a mechanical system and the tools of analytical (rational) mechanics are applied thoroughly to describe crack propagation until the final failure. Chapter discuss: preliminary information on fatigue and engineering methods for design of machines and structures against failures caused by fatigue fatigue crack nucleation, including microstructural and continuous models theory of fatigue crack propagation fatigue crack growth in linear elastic materials subject to dispersed damage fatigue cracks in elasto-plastic material, including crack growth retardation due to overloading as well as quasistationary approximation fatigue and related phenomena in hereditary solids application of the theory fatigue crack growth considering environmental factors unidirectional fiber composites with ductile matrix and brittle, initially continuous fibers laminate composites Mechanics of Fatigue serves students dealing with mechanical aspects of fatigue, conducting research in fracture mechanics, structural safety, mechanics of composites, as well as modern branches of mechanics of solids and structures.

The development of NDT (non-destructive testing) techniques used for the inspection of concrete structures is currently in high demand, because many existing structures have become aged and deteriorated in service. In order to formulate predictions on their stability and to estimate their safety, it is necessary to identify damage signals and to determine their causes. In this regard, the development and establishment of innovative and highly advanced non-destructive methods are required. Acoustic Emission (AE) and related NDE (non-destructive evaluation) techniques have been extensively used to determine crack detection and damage evaluation in concrete. With the move towards a more sustainable society, and the need to extend the long-term service life of infrastructure and aging and disastrous damage due to recent earthquakes, Acoustic Emission (AE) and Related Non-destructive Evaluation (NDE) Techniques in the Fracture Mechanics of Concrete: Fundamentals and Applications is a critical reference source for civil engineers, contractors working in construction and materials scientists working both in industry and academia.

Durability of Industrial Composites offers numerical and quantitative solutions to long-term composite failures that are useful to practicing engineers, researchers, and students. All modes of laminate long-term failure are contemplated, with resin toughness and environmental conditions considered. The book develops a simple unified equation to compute the load-dependent durability of laminates under the simultaneous action of cyclic and static loads. The load-independent durability and residual life of equipment immersed in corrosive chemicals are also discussed. The book presents a full discussion of the elusive strain-corrosion mode of failure as well as a complete solution to the durability issue of underground sanitation pipes. The currently accepted durability parameters of HDB, Sb and Sc are discarded as incorrect and replaced with the appropriate threshold parameters. The entirely new concept of the "anomalous failure" is fully discussed and solved. The effects of overpressure and spike strains, as well as of the operating temperature and moisture, are quantitatively evaluated and illustrated in numerical examples.

A complete and comprehensive theory of failure is developed for homogeneous and isotropic materials. The full range of materials types are covered from very ductile metals to extremely brittle glasses and minerals. Two failure properties suffice to predict the general failure conditions under all states of stress. With this foundation to build upon, many other aspects of failure are also treated, such as extensions to anisotropic fiber composites, cumulative damage, creep and fatigue, and microscale and nanoscale approaches to failure.

A crucial element of structural and continuum mechanics, stability theory has limitless applications in civil, mechanical, aerospace, naval and nuclear engineering. This text of unparalleled scope presents a comprehensive exposition of the principles and applications of stability analysis. It has been proven as a text for introductory courses and various advanced courses for graduate students. It is also prized as an exhaustive reference for engineers and researchers.The authors' focus on understanding of the basic principles rather than excessive detailed solutions, and their treatment of each subject proceed from simple examples to general concepts and rigorous formulations. All the results are derived using as simple mathematics as possible. Numerous examples are given and 700 exercise problems help in attaining a firm grasp of this central aspect of solid mechanics.The book is an unabridged republication of the 1991 edition by Oxford University Press and the 2003 edition by Dover, updated with 18 pages of end notes.

This book deals with the mechanics and physics of fractures at various scales. Based on advanced continuum mechanics of heterogeneous media, it develops a rigorous mathematical framework for single macrocrack problems as well as for the effective properties of microcracked materials. In both cases, two geometrical models of cracks are examined and discussed: the idealized representation of the crack as two parallel faces (the Griffith crack model), and the representation of a crack as a flat elliptic or ellipsoidal cavity (the Eshelby inhomogeneity problem). The book is composed of two parts: The first part deals with solutions to 2D and 3D problems involving a single crack in linear elasticity. Elementary solutions of cracks problems in the different modes are fully worked. Various mathematical techniques are presented, including Neuber-Papkovitch displacement potentials, complex analysis with conformal mapping and Eshelby-based solutions. The second part is devoted to continuum micromechanics approaches of microcracked materials in relation to methods and results presented in the first part. Various estimates and bounds of the effective elastic properties are presented. They are considered for the formulation and application of continuum micromechanics-based damage models.

Fracture and 'slow' crack growth reflect the response of a material (i.e. its microstructure) to the conjoint actions of mechanical and chemical driving forces and are affected by temperature. There is therefore a need for quantitative understanding and modeling of the influences of chemical and thermal environments and of microstructure, in terms of the key internal and external variables, and for their incorporation into design and probabilistic implications. This text, which the author has used in a fracture mechanics course for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, is based on the work of the author's Lehigh University team whose integrative research combined fracture mechanics, surface and electrochemistry, materials science, and probability and statistics to address a range of fracture safety and durability issues on aluminum, ferrous, nickel, and titanium alloys and ceramics. Examples are included to highlight the approach and applicability of the findings in practical durability and reliability problems.