The field of stress analysis has gained its momentum from the widespread applications in industry and technology and has now become an important part of materials science. Various destructive as well as nondestructive methods have been developed for the determination of stresses. This timely book provides a comprehensive review of the nondestructive techniques for strain evaluation written by experts in their respective fields.

The main part of the book deals with X-ray stress analysis (XSA), focussing on measurement and evaluation methods which can help to solve the problems of today, the numerous applications of metallic, polymeric and ceramic materials as well as of thin-film-substrate composites and of advanced microcomponents. Furthermore it contains data, results, hints and recommendations that are valuable to laboratories for the certification and accreditation of their stress analysis.

Stress analysis is an active field in which many questions remain unsettled. Accordingly, unsolved problems and conflicting results are discussed as well. The assessment of the experimentally determined residual and structural stress states on the static and dynamic behavior of materials and components is handled in a separate chapter.

Students and engineers of materials science and scientists working in laboratories and industries will find this book invaluable.

High Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Ceramic Composites provides an up-to-date comprehensive coverage of the mechanical behavior of ceramic matrix composites at elevated temperatures. Topics include both short-term behavior (strength, fracture toughness and R-curve behavior) and long-term behavior (creep, creep-fatigue, delayed failure and lifetime). Emphasis is on a review of fundamentals and on the mechanics and mechanisms underlying properties.
This is the first time that complete information of elevated temperature behavior of ceramic composites has ever been compacted together in a single volume. Of particular importance is that each chapter, written by internationally recognized experts, includes a substantial review component enabling the new material to be put in proper perspective.
Shanti Nair is Associate Professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Karl Jakus is Professor at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.

This book reviews problems in the mechanical behaviour of cyclically loaded metallic materials, primarily with regard to the nature of the fatigue process. The first edition of the book appeared in 1980. The present second edition represents a revised form of the original book and also covers recent developments in the field. As the book focuses on physical-metallurgical aspects, it occupies a unique and important position in the technical literature, which has so far been devoted mainly to engineering metal fatigue problems and their technical solution in specific practical cases. The book provides a compact review of current knowledge on physical metallurgical processes that accompany and affect the fatigue of metallic materials, and also presents the background for applying the new results to practical designing and to the selection of materials in engineering practice.
The authors present an updated review of results from countries both in the east and the west and cover a relatively large field in a concise manner. The work will be of value to research workers and students following advanced and post-graduate courses in the fields of materials science and mechanical engineering.

This classic text of elementary dislocation theory has been reprinted to fulfil persistent demand. Yet because it approaches elementary dislocation theory from its most basic level, the material contained in the volume is as up-to-date as when first published. The text addresses topics which are fundamental to the theory of dislocation behaviour, such as Burgers vectors and internal stresses of dislocations.

Classical fracture mechanics that emerged during the 1920s has gained popularity via LEFM from the 1940s to the 1960s. The principles of classical fracture mechanics evolved from experimental observation of the behaviour of glass that contains pre-existing cracks and is largely supported by physical reasoning. Chapter One presents a robust analysis of problems encountered in the field of pipeline networks and boiler components as a result of structural imperfection. Chapter Two deals with an analytical model of cracking, which is induced by thermal stresses in a porous multi-particle-matrix system. This system consists of spherical pores and isotropic spherical particles, which are both periodically distributed in an isotropic infinite matrix. Chapter Three reports on an analytical model of cracking in a multi-particle matrix system with isotropic whiskers, which are periodically distributed in an isotropic infinite matrix.

The engineering necessity of fracture mechanics is to improve the empirical data-handbook style and mechanics of materials based design. This book examines the phenomenon of "crack growth". The contributed chapters in this book have been derived from various research groups' results from their experiments and/or simulations of crack growth in various media. The contributed chapters discuss the effect of inhomogeneity, plasticity effects in single crystals, interfaces and welded joints. The book gives a snapshot of the research effort of various groups around the globe in the past decade or more on the important topic of crack growth.

This unified guide brings together the underlying principles, and predictable material responses, that connect metals, polymers, brittle solids and energetic materials as they respond to extreme external stresses. Previously disparate scientific principles, concepts and terminology are combined within a single theoretical framework, across different materials and scales, to provide all the tools necessary to understand, and calculate, the responses of materials and structures to extreme static and dynamic loading. Real-world examples illustrate how material behaviours produce a component response, enabling recognition - and avoidance - of the deformation mechanisms that contribute to mechanical failure. A final synoptic chapter presents a case study of extreme conditions brought about by the infamous Chicxulub impact event. Bringing together simple concepts from diverse fields into a single, accessible, rigorous text, this is an indispensable reference for all researchers and practitioners in materials science, mechanical engineering, physics, physical chemistry and geophysics.

This reference guide or undergraduate text shows how to determine, by analyzing metallurgical failures, the validity of a product design. This revision of a successful work features new techniques in electron microscopy, testing fracture toughness, and fracture mechanics. It describes destructive and nondestructive techniques regarding their advantages, limitations, applications, and meaning. Written to be understood by all engineers concerned about component failure, this edition approaches typical problem areas from a physical and mechanical viewpoint. Also described is the relationship between the practical and the theoretical, so that failure analyses can best be resolved and failure recurrence prevented. The book maintains English and SI units throughout.

- self-contained and well illustrated - complete and comprehensive derivation of mechanical/mathematical results with enphasis on issues of practical importance - combines classical subjects of fracture mechanics with modern topics such as microheterogeneous materials, piezoelectric materials, thin films, damage - mechanically and mathematically clear and complete derivations of results

Today's manufacturers are under tremendous pressure to develop new technological and high reliability products in record time. This has motivated reliability engineers to evaluate the reliabilities of such products. Reliability testing under accelerated environment - accelerated life testing helps to meet this challenge.This comprehensive and must-have edition provides a broad coverage of the optimal design of Accelerated Life Test Plans under time-varying stress loadings. It also focuses on the formulation of Accelerated Life Test Sampling Plans (ALTSPs) which integrate accelerated life tests with quality control technique of acceptance sampling plans. These plans help to determine optimal experimental variables such as appropriate stress levels, optimal allocation at each stress levels, stress change points, etc, depending on the stress loading scheme. ALTSPs determine optimal plans such that the producers' and consumers' risks are safeguarded.

Localized deformation in the form of narrow shear bands are often observed to develop after larger plastic deformations in metals, polymers and powders. Shear bands, being a form of large plastic deformation, are usually the precursors of ductile fracture. Therefore, an improved knowledge of localized deformation, including instability, shear bands, damage and fracture, play a particularly significant role in a wide variety of engineering topics. One example is material processing. Since the 1970s shear banding has been extensively studied by mechanical and metallurgical engineers. There is a pressing requirement in physics and engineering to summarize the knowledge gained and to assist students and researchers to apply this knowledge in their respective areas of technology. This book is an invaluable reference source on the topic of adiabatic shear localization. It provides a systematic description of various aspects of adiabatic shear banding, and the various case studies describe the ways in which the knowledge of adiabatic shear localization can be used in several applications.In this way, readers can easily follow the different approaches and transfer concepts and techniques to help solve the problems they encounter in their own fields of interest.

Localized deformation in the form of narrow shear bands are often observed to develop after larger plastic deformations in metals, polymers and powders. Shear bands, being a form of large plastic deformation, are usually the precursors of ductile fracture. Therefore, an improved knowledge of localized deformation, including instability, shear bands, damage and fracture, play a particularly significant role in a wide variety of engineering topics. One example is material processing. Since the 1970s shear banding has been extensively studied by mechanical and metallurgical engineers. There is a pressing requirement in physics and engineering to summarize the knowledge gained and to assist students and researchers to apply this knowledge in their respective areas of technology. This book is an invaluable reference source on the topic of adiabatic shear localization. It provides a systematic description of various aspects of adiabatic shear banding, and the various case studies describe the ways in which the knowledge of adiabatic shear localization can be used in several applications.In this way, readers can easily follow the different approaches and transfer concepts and techniques to help solve the problems they encounter in their own fields of interest.

In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the mechanisms, behaviour and analysis of fatigue crack growths. Topics discussed in this compilation include the unified fatigue crack growth rate model; practical tools for statistical fatigue design; probablistic algorithms performance evaluation and application in multi-fractured structures; three dimensional effects in the fracture mechanics of bi-dimensional specimens; fatigue crack propagation mechanism in porous open pore metal foams; lifetime predictions for short fatigue crack's initiation-propagation by basic mechanical properties; variable amplitude fatigue crack growth in selected aluminium alloys; fatigue threshold R-curves for analysis of short fatigue cracks; and multiaxial fatigue life prediction for lateral notched round bars made of high strength steel.

Fracture Mechanics of Electromagnetic Materials provides a comprehensive overview of fracture mechanics of conservative and dissipative materials, as well as a general formulation of nonlinear field theory of fracture mechanics and a rigorous treatment of dynamic crack problems involving coupled magnetic, electric, thermal and mechanical field quantities.

Thorough emphasis is placed on the physical interpretation of fundamental concepts, development of theoretical models and exploration of their applications to fracture characterization in the presence of magneto-electro-thermo-mechanical coupling and dissipative effects. Mechanical, aeronautical, civil, biomedical, electrical and electronic engineers interested in application of the principles of fracture mechanics to design analysis and durability evaluation of smart structures and devices will find this book an invaluable resource.

The tubular welded joints used in the construction of offshore structures can experience millions of variable amplitude load cycles during their service life. Such fatigue loading represents a main cause of degradation in these structures. As a result, fatigue is an important consideration in their design. Fatigue and Fracture Mechanisms of Offshore Structures present novel research and the results of wave-induced stress on the operational life of offshore structures.

Containing results of an investigation undertaken to assess the fatigue and fracture performance of steels used in the offshore industry, "Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics of Offshore Structures" includes, Stress analysis of tubular jointsFatigue designFatigue loading in Jackup structuresJack-up dynamic responseModelling of wave loadingTest specimen considerationsThe stress intensity factor conceptVariable amplitude crack growth modelsConsideration of sequence effectsSea state probability model

The important research in this book will be of interest to those dealing with a wide range of engineering structures - from bridges and buildings to masts and pipelines, as well as fatigue and fracture specialists, and those concerned with materials technology.

STRESS ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES: An Introduction covers the basic needs of engineers working in the area of stress-analysis, important concepts of theoretical and experimental techniques in stress-analysis are explained in simple chapters. Concepts of fundamental solid mechanics such as shear force, bending moment, stress and deflection analysis of beams, torsion of circular and noncircular shafts, stability analysis of columns and stress analysis of thick and compound cylindrical shells are initially presented. Basic finite element analysis concepts needed for stress-analysis are introduced. Conventional experimental techniques like photoelasticity, moire-fringe analysis, strain gauge approach and brittle-coating methodology are elucidated in simple terms. In summary, the book Includes a good number of numerical examples Offers solution methods to several static and dynamic problems in stress analysis Provides a number of references and web-resources Gives basic hints to conduct case studies using experimental stress analysis techniques

Since the development of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) decades ago, its limitations have been discussed extensively. Methods of manipulation on how to overcome the problems have been proposed by many enthusiasts. This book also highlights the limitation and at the same time proposes solutions. The effect of fracture on the structure of nano-catalyst and diamond-like carbon coating de-lamination are some of the microscopical research covered in this book. The format of this book is such that the reader can use each chapter independently. It starts with the first chapter outlining the classical review that traces back to early fracture mechanics. It is then continued to broader ranges from experimental and commercial software implementation, to the formulation and implementation of XFEM and piezoelectricity problems.

A crucial element of structural and continuum mechanics, stability theory has limitless applications in civil, mechanical, aerospace, naval and nuclear engineering. This text of unparalleled scope presents a comprehensive exposition of the principles and applications of stability analysis. It has been proven as a text for introductory courses and various advanced courses for graduate students. It is also prized as an exhaustive reference for engineers and researchers. The authors' focus on understanding of the basic principles rather than excessive detailed solutions, and their treatment of each subject proceed from simple examples to general concepts and rigorous formulations. All the results are derived using as simple mathematics as possible. Numerous examples are given and 700 exercise problems help in attaining a firm grasp of this central aspect of solid mechanics. The book is an unabridged republication of the 1991 edition by Oxford University Press and the 2003 edition by Dover, updated with 18 pages of end notes.

This book is an interdisciplinary review of the effect of fracture on life, following the development of the understanding of fracture written from a historical perspective. After a short introduction to fracture, the first section of the book covers the effects of fracture on the evolution of the Earth, plants and animals, and man. The second section of the book covers the largely empirical control of fracture from ancient times to the end of the nineteenth century. The final section reviews the development of fracture theory as a discipline and its application during the twentieth century through to the present time.

Fatigue is one of the primary reasons for the failure of structural components. The life of a fatigue crack has two parts, initiation and propagation. Dislocations play a major role in the fatigue crack initiation phase. It has been observed in laboratory testing that after a large number of loading cycles dislocations pile up and form structures called persistent slip bands (PSB). Fatigue crack growth is a crucial subject in the aircraft, railroad and other transportation industries as well as in the biomedical industry. This book presents the latest research in the field.

An up-to-date and practical reference book on piping engineering and stress analysis, this book emphasizes three main concepts: using engineering common sense to foresee a potential piping stress problem, performing the stress analysis to confirm the problem, and lastly, optimizing the design to solve the problem. Systematically, the book proceeds from basic piping flexibility analyses, spring hanger selections, and expansion joint applications, to vibration stress evaluations and general dynamic analyses. Emphasis is placed on the interface with connecting equipment such as vessels, tanks, heaters, turbines, pumps and compressors. Chapters dealing with discontinuity stresses, special thermal problems and cross-country pipelines are also included. The book is ideal for piping engineers, piping designers, plant engineers, and mechanical engineers working in the power, petroleum refining, chemical, food processing, and pharmaceutical industries. It will also serve as a reference for engineers working in building and transportation services. It can be used as an advance text for graduate students in these fields.

Covering a wide variety of topics in dynamic fracture mechanics, this volume presents state-of-the-art experimental techniques and theoretical analysis on dynamic fracture in standard and exotic materials. Written by world renowned researchers, this valuable compendium contains eleven chapters on crack initiation, crack propagation, crack arrest, crack-stress wave interactions, and experimental, analytical and numerical methods in dynamic fracture mechanics.