This text provides an overview of the current status of simulation in various surgical disciplines and explains the science of surgical education.

Thanks to the advent of leading-edge technologies, there is a new cross-sectional field of surgery: robotic surgery. Due to the rapid development of robotic surgery systems such as da Vinci, there is a great need to refresh one's knowledge every day. This book covers all surgical areas: urological surgery, digestive surgery, and cardiac surgery in addition to mitral valvular disease. It also summarizes the most current topics in robotic surgery addressed by well-known experts from around the world. These specialists' expertise provides useful insights into modern educational techniques for the latest trends in surgery-knowledge that will be valuable to students, residents, and experts who are eager to learn more about advanced medical care including da Vinci as a cross- cutting surgical device, even if it lies outside their specialty field.

Fundamentals of Surgical Simulation explains in detail, from a behavioural science/human factors perspective, why modern image guided medicine such as surgery, interventional cardiology and interventional radiology are difficult to learn and practice. Medicine is currently at a tipping point in terms of how physicians in procedural based medicine are trained. Fundamentals of Surgical Simulation helps drive this change and is a valuable resource for medical trainers and trainees alike. For trainers, this book gives explicit theoretical and applied information on how this new training paradigm works thus allowing them to tailor the application of simulation training to their program, no matter where in the world they work. For the trainee, it allows them to see and understand the rules of this new training paradigm thus allowing them to optimize their approach to training and reaching proficiency in as efficient a manner as possible. For the simulation researcher, engineer and medical profession Fundamentals of Surgical Simulation poses some difficult questions that require urgent unambiguous and agreed answers.

A symptom-based version of the critically-acclaimed Norton/Surgery: Basic Science and Clinical Evidence, Learning Surgery provides a ready reference to those in third and fourth year residencies. Essential algorithms and case presentations meet with clerkship learning objectives as outlined by the Association of Surgical Education in their ASE Manual. Two sections include Introduction to Clinical Surgery in the Surgical Clerkship Setting and Management of Surgical Diseases During the Clerkship. Chapters include: Stroke, Hypertension, Abdominal Masses, Head Injuries, and Burns. Written by leading clinicians and educators, both surgery residents and medical students will find LEARNING SURGERY indispensible in their rotations and clerkships. Surgeons who train residents will also find the text a valuable ajunct to their teaching.

"Surgical Guide to Circumcision" is a compendium of the who, what, where, why, and most importantly, the how of circumcision. Given that one third of the world s males have undergone this most ancient of surgical procedures, a contemporary resource on the subject is in order.

Most circumcisions are elective with no acute medical necessity; that is, most are done for cultural reasons. Thus, in addition to being a standard surgical guide for those who perform circumcision, this book is an anthology of circumcision, from its prehistoric roots to its present day admixture of religion, culture, and medicine.

"Surgical Guide to Circumcision" is a fully illustrated, step-by-step guide to the most common techniques of circumcision and addresses aspects such as informed consent, religious and cultural sensitivities, pre-exam, post-care, pain control, and prevention and management of potential complications.

Written by experts in the field, "Surgical Guide to Circumcision" will appeal to family physicians, pediatricians, obstetricians, midwives, nurses, urologist, and anyone with a general interest in circumcision. "

The Fruits of Reinvention Surgery related to the human head, its compartment and contents has been reinvented over the past 40 years. A number of instruments, most notably the sophisticated medical imaging device and the operating microscope, have principally fueled this evolution. Along the way, endoscopy and sophisticated navigation capabilities have added to the realization of a unique comprehension of normal and abnormal microanatomy permitting corridors and manipu- tions that allow novel strategies for surgery in these highly vital functional areas. Cappabianca, Califano and Iaconetta have created a detailed and fully modern review of methods and strategies related to complex surgery and therapies associated with this robust reinvention. Technical innovations abound! Distinguished practitioners of these unique developments in the history of surgical - terprise present these amazing technical exercises. The catalog of these approaches, inst- mentation, techniques, strategies and manipulations is inspiring and stands as a testimony to the remarkable progress that we have witnessed in recent decades. The presentation in truly "modern" and represents in many aspects pinnacles of operative achievement. We must ask ourselves, what will be next? Los Angeles, November 2009 Michael L.J. Apuzzo, M.D., Ph.D (hon) Preface We belong to a lucky and happy generation, living during a period of many dramatic, if not revolutionary, technical and technological innovations, such as the digital era, which have changed and improved our routine surgical practice, together with the quality and quantity of life of our patients.

This issue of Surgical Clinics of North America focuses on Robotic Surgery, and is edited by Dr. Julio Teixeira. Articles will include: History of Computer-assisted Surgery; Robotic Cardiac Surgery; Robotic Thoracic Surgery; Robotic Foregut Surgery; Robotic Liver Resection; Robotic Cholecystectomy; Robotic Pancreatic and Solid Surgery; Robotic Colorectal Surgery; Robotic Urology Surgery; Robotic Vental Hernia Surgery; Robotic Inguinal Hernia Surgery; Robotic Bariatric Surgery; Robotic Pediatric Surgery; Robotic Gynecological Surgery; Complications of Robotic Surgery; and more!

Ophthalmic Microsurgical Suturing Techniques is a reference text for both the novice and the accomplished ophthalmic surgeon. In 15 richly illustrated chapters this book imparts basic information on tissue tactics and knot tying and demonstrates the applicability of these techniques to various microsurgical situations, in both the anterior and the posterior segment of the eye.

The chapters have a uniform reader-friendly format starting with key points to allow rapid reference to the information included in the chapter. Illustrated with photos and line drawings, each chapter contains sections on: Surgical indications, Instrumentation and equipment, Surgical technique, Complications and future challenges.

Those who will benefit greatly from this excellent book include ophthalmic surgeons with widely varying levels of experience, from the resident to the experienced surgeon."

Scrotoscopic Surgery presents a systematic approach to the theory, procedures and clinical application of scrotoscopic techniques for the improved treatment of scrotal diseases. Currently, open operations remain the most common choices to treat scrotal content diseases, such as epididymal cyst and hydrocele. However, open surgeries also bring disadvantages, including discomfort, damage and complications. To solve these problems, this book presents best practices for scrotoscopic surgery, providing practitioners with tactics that will help them ensure the best outcomes for patients.

This book discusses the effects of emerging technologies on surgeons and surgical practice. The book opens with an overview of disruptive technologies, and their economic, scientific, ethical and social implications. Next comes a section describing how the Internet, virtual reality and simulation technology will change training and education. A section on Robotics covers computer-guided surgery, robotics and endoluminal therapies. Innovations in surgical instruments, including MEMS and Nanotechnology are outlined, as well. Next, the book reviews tissue engineering and artificial organs, genetic engineering, stem cells, emerging transplantation technologies and the brain-machine interface. A concluding section discusses ways of adapting to future technologies.

Guest editor Lena Napolitano has assembled and expert team of authors on the topic of Surgery in the ICU. Articles will focus on: Oxygen Support and Mechanical Ventilation Advances; Ventilator-associated Pneumonia - New Definitions;Optimal Strategies for Severe ARDS; Persistent Inflammation/Immunosuppression Syndrome; ABCDE Bundle in Critical Care;Renal Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury: Consensus?; Transfusion Advances in Critical Care; Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: ProCESS; ARISE: PROMISE - What is Optimal Resuscitation?; Nutritional Support in Critical Care: What is the Evidence?; Acute Kidney Injury and Outcomes; and Tracheostomy Update: When and How?

This issue of Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America, guest edited by Dr. David Ilson, is devoted to Topics in Esophageal and Gastric Cancers. Dr. Ilson has assembled expert authors to review the following topics: Minimally Invasive Surgery: The Emerging Role in Esophageal and Gastric Cancer; Novel Targeted Therapies in Esophagogastric Cancer; The Role of Nutritional Support in Esophagogastric Cancer; Screening and Preventive Strategies in Esophagogastric Cancer; Current Progress in HER2 Targeted Therapies in Esophagogastric Cancer; The Role of Radiotherapy in Esophagogastric Cancer; Endoscopic Management of Early Esophagogastric Cancer; Current Progress in the Adjuvant Treatment of Gastric Cancer; Controversies and Consensus in Preoperative Therapy of Esophageal and GE Junction Cancers; Issues in the Management of Esophagogastric Cancer in Geriatric Patients; East versus West: The Asian Perspective on the Surgical and Adjuvant Management of Esophagogastric Cancer; The Current Status of Immunotherapies in Esophagogastric Cancer; and more!

1. Clinical cases set out as questions that are mapped directly to the curriculum and following the order of the RCoA curriculum 2. A focus on clinical anaesthesia with common cases, that can be used in the clinical environment either for teaching or as a refresher 3. Short, quick-fire cases that enable learning and retention of information with a summary of key points to remember for each question

The introduction of a new technology in a consolidated field has the potential to disrupt usual practices and create a fertile ground for errors. An example is robotic surgery that is now used in most surgical specialties, pushed by technology developers and enthusiastic surgeons. To analyze the potential impact of robotic surgery on patient safety, a consortium of major European Universities started the project SAFROS whose findings are summarized and further elaborated in the three parts of this book. Part one describes safety in complex systems such as surgery, how this may disrupt the traditional surgical workflow, how safety can be monitored, and the research questions that must be posed. Part two of the book describes the main findings of this research, by identifying the risks of robotic surgery and by describing where its ancillary technologies may fail. This part addresses features and evaluation of anatomic imaging and modeling, actions in the operating room, robot monitoring and control, operator interface, and surgical training. Part three of the book draws the conclusions and offers suggestions on how to limit the risks of medical errors. One possible approach is to use automation to monitor and execute parts of an intervention, thus suggesting that robotics and artificial intelligence will be major elements of the operating room of the future.

This is a practical guide to using lasers in the Eye clinic and includes all commonly performed Lasers for a range of ocular conditions. It uses multiple illustrations of real-life fundus photographs, FFA images, OCT images and digitally modified retinal images to simplify learning the fundamentals of laser physics and physiology, laser safety and an overview of the variety of ophthalmic lasers in current use. It standardizes Laser procedures and serves as a reference guide for Ophthalmic trainees learning the technique that can be transferred to their clinical practice. The book simplifies understanding of Ophthalmic Lasers and answers common questions of how and why things are done. Key Features * Emphasizes on Nd-YAG Laser, Lasers in Glaucoma and Photothermal Lasers for Retinal Pathology, with clarity on techniques and pearls on dealing with common laser related issues that come with experience. * Provides content in a Q&A format which is ideal as a lesson from trainer to trainee and answers all the doubts and laser related questions a trainee may have and aids their learning and progression to performing Lasers safely and independently. * Uses digitally modified images with bullet points and reference text boxes, making the content user friendly and easy to understand.

Treating disease can be considered a combat between curative therapies and pathological afflictions. As such, the action of achieving a cure can be likened to successfully waging war on sickness and bodily disorders. Surgical Philosophy applies the core principles derived from Sun Tzu's timeless book Art of War to combating disease through surgery. Its goal is to offer principles, strategies and leadership guidelines for surgeons at all levels and other healthcare practitioners who carry out interventional procedures for the ultimate aim of defeating illness and enhancing the care of patients. In providing a novel and exciting perspective on this ancient text, the book will also be of interest to students of leadership, Eastern philosophy and Chinese history. The book follows eleven sections of the Art of War. Each section reflects the messages in the Art of War, but with a modern surgical point of view. In the book, the role of the surgeon is equivalent to that of a leader or military commander, and the lessons offered in the Art of War are expanded to identify surgical principles and practice.

The national withdrawal rate from medical school averages about 1%, but withdrawal from surgical residency programs is much higher, roughly 16%. The drop out risk is greater for white women and minorities than for white males. Getting Cut examines the factors which lead to resignation from these graduate residency programs by observing the dynamic interplay between the institution and individual residents. Professor O'Connell analyzes the current shortcomings in the process of selection, and looks at how the culture, structure, and organization of these educational programs affect the drop out rate once residents have been accepted. An analysis of the "old boy's network" culture of these surgical programs exposes the greater risk of withdrawal among female and minority residents. Further examination of the process of resident evaluation reveals that in addition to being graded on cognitive knowledge and critical judgment, residents are also evaluated on personal characteristics, the most important being "honesty." Professor O'Connell demonstrates how the medical faculty's subjective assessment of these elusive and contestable qualities not only aid in identifying the morally deficient among the technically proficient, but also how these practices promote discrimination as well.

A panel of recognized authorities comprehensively review the medical, surgical, and pathophysiologic issues relevant to lung volume reduction surgery for emphysema. Topics range from the open technique and video-assisted thoracoscopic approaches to LVRS, to anesthetic management, to perioperative and nursing care of the patient. The experts also detail the selection of candidates for LVRS, the clinical results and clinical trials in LVRS, and the effects of LVRS on survival rates.

With the introduction of cardiac surgery more than five decades ago and the use of the heart-lung machine for open heart surgical procedures granting the surgeon unlimited time in which to operate inside the heart, a complex task has been given to the Perfusionist. With a pairing of a perfusionist and a surgeon for each chapter, this book is an essential collection of techniques and protocols to aid in decision making in the operating room.

This book provides a concise, state-of-the art review of the surgical treatment of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. The volume reviews what current practices in surgery and metabolic syndrome and diabetes including the biohormonal effects of the different surgeries. Isolating the effects of the different procedures is critical to the decision tree for type of procedure selected for an individual patient. Specifically for diabetes, this textbook will provide a guide for practitioners to a tailored approach to the treatment. Areas of ongoing research that highlight the minimally invasive approach as well as incorporating what we know of the biochemical results of surgery are presented. Results of established weight loss procedures and ongoing trials are juxtaposed against some of the more novel techniques to ascertain a best practice. Metabolic Surgery and the Surgical Treatment of Diabetes serves as a very useful resource for physicians and researchers dealing with, and interested in, this rising epidemic of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. It provides a concise yet comprehensive summary of the current status of the field that will help guide patient management and stimulate investigative efforts.

The only available resource to provide cutting-edge, in-depth coverage of the links between obesity and anesthesia in surgery, the reader-friendly Handbook of Perioperative Anesthesia: Complications and Challenges of the Obese Patient guides the practicing anesthesiologist through each stage of surgery for the obese patient. This clinically relevant text thoroughly illustrates the unique challenges and complications the anesthesiologist faces when supervising and administering drug delivery during surgery. Practical and hands-on, this source also advises the anesthesiologist on how to avoid potential risks and ensure speedy patient recovery post-operation.

Easily referenced, this handbook clearly addresses treatment and management of the obese patient in the three chronological stages of surgery:

• Preoperative - includes information on systemic patient evaluation and surgery preparation, emphasizing related areas of concern in the obese patient (cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine, and others) to help the anesthesiologist foresee how a patient will fare during surgery
• Intraoperative - provides a thorough discussion of the latest in procedural technique, drug and fluid administration, patient monitoring, and airway management
• Postoperative - steps the anesthesiologist can take following surgery to optimize patient results

In addition, this handbook explores special situations that anesthesiologists may encounter during surgery, including the needs of pregnant and pediatric patients, as well as patients with needs outside of the hospital setting.

Operating theatres are very private workplaces. There have been few research investigations into how highly trained doctors and nurses work together to achieve safe and efficient anaesthesia and surgery. While there have been major advances in surgical and anaesthetic procedures, there are still significant risks for patients during operations and adverse events are not unknown. Due to rising concern about patient safety, surgeons and anaesthetists have looked for ways of minimising adverse events. Behavioural scientists have been encouraged by clinicians to bring research techniques used in other industries into the operating theatre in order to study the behaviour of surgeons, nurses and anaesthetists. Safer Surgery presents one of the first collections of studies designed to understand the factors influencing safe and efficient surgical, anaesthetic and nursing practice. The book is written by psychologists, surgeons and anaesthetists, whose contributions combine to offer readers the latest research techniques and findings from some of the leading investigators in this field. It is designed for practitioners and researchers interested in understanding the behaviour of operating theatre team members, with a view to enhancing both training and practice. The material is also suitable for those studying behaviour in other areas of healthcare or in high-risk work settings. The aims of the book are to: a) present the latest research on the behaviour of operating theatre teams b) describe the techniques being used by psychologists and clinicians to study surgeons, anaesthetists and theatre nurses' task performance c) outline the safety implications of the research to date.

This book offers useful insight into the new dermatologic surgical applications of radiofrequency, besides elaborating the basic applications of the same exhaustively. This book will also provide invaluable practical inputs for the skillful management of surgery in Dermatology and Aesthetic practice.

Supplemented with numerous tables and an abundance of up-to-date references, this source analyzes methods in preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative assessment on an organ-by-organ basis thoroughly discusses the evaluation and monitoring of GI physiology with a chapter by an acknowledged expert in the field provides an expert overview of the prediction of surgical outcomes spans the most recent advances in perioperative fluid management clearly outlines clinical procedures of anesthesia for oesophagectomy alongside relevant clinical trials demonstrates techniques in anesthesia for fast track colonic surgery explores the burgeoning area of regional anesthesia for abdominal surgery with a section by an acknowledged specialist on the topic This resource stands as the only authoritative text to specifically focus on developments and best practices in anesthesiology for procedures affecting the gastrointestinal tract and related appendages. This book provides in-depth coverage of topics such as risk assessment, stress response, and scoring, as well as spans anesthetic trends and practices for endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures, as well as a variety of invasive procedures including hepatobiliary, pancreatic, colorectal, colonic, and abdominal surgeries.

This first guide devoted to this burgeoning topic, this authoritative reference presents the current understanding of the phenomenon of aseptic loosening of total joint replacements from the molecular and cellular mechanisms of periprosthetic bone loss to the clinical presentation and management strategies-reviewing the properties of ceramic, metal, and polymer materials used in the replacement of joints, as well as current research on bone remodeling, wear resistance, the long-term care of implants, and emerging developments in gene therapy and tissue engineering.