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Books > Computing & IT > General theory of computing > Systems analysis & design
Modern-day projects require software and systems engineers to work together in realizing architectures of large and complex software-intensive systems. To date, the two have used their own tools and methods to deal with similar issues when it comes to the requirements, design, testing, maintenance, and evolution of these architectures. Software and Systems Architecture in Action explores practices that can be helpful in the development of architectures of large-scale systems in which software is a major component. Examining the synergies that exist between the disciplines of software and systems engineering, it presents concepts, techniques, and methods for creating and documenting architectures. The book describes an approach to architecture design that is driven from systemic quality attributes determined from both the business and technical goals of the system, rather than just its functional requirements. This architecture-centric design approach utilizes analytically derived patterns and tactics for quality attributes that inform the architect's design choices and help shape the architecture of a given system. The book includes coverage of techniques used to assess the impact of architecture-centric design on the structural complexity of a system. After reading the book, you will understand how to create architectures of systems and assess their ability to meet the business goals of your organization. Ideal for anyone involved with large and complex software-intensive systems, the book details powerful methods for engaging the software and systems engineers on your team. The book is also suitable for use in undergraduate and graduate-level courses on software and systems architecture as it exposes students to the concepts and techniques used to create and manage architectures of software-intensive systems.
Under the vast umbrella of Plant Sciences resides a plethora of highly specialized fields. Botanists, agronomists, horticulturists, geneticists, and physiologists each employ a different approach to the study of plants and each for a different end goal. Yet all will find themselves in the laboratory engaging in what can broadly be termed biotechnology. Addressing a wide variety of related topics, Plant Tissue Culture, Development, and Biotechnology gives the practical and technical knowledge needed to train the next generation of plant scientists regardless of their ultimate specialization. With the detailed perspectives and hands-on training signature to the authors previous bestselling books, Plant Development and Biotechnology and Plant Tissue Culture Concepts and Laboratory Exercises, this book discusses relevant concepts supported by demonstrative laboratory experiments. It provides critical thinking questions, concept boxes highlighting important ideas, and procedure boxes giving precise instruction for experiments, including step-by-step procedures, such as the proper microscope use with digital photography, along with anticipated results, and a list of materials needed to perform them. Integrating traditional plant sciences with recent advances in plant tissue culture, development, and biotechnology, chapters address germplasm preservation, plant growth regulators, embryo rescue, micropropagation of roses, haploid cultures, and transformation of meristems. Going beyond the scope of a simple laboratory manual, this book also considers special topics such as copyrights, patents, legalities, trade secrets, and the business of biotechnology. Focusing on plant culture development and its applications in biotechnology across a myriad of plant science specialties, this text uses a broad range of species and practical laboratory exercises to make it useful fo
This technical dictionary will define all of the most-used words in the embedded systems field - over 2500. Designed to serve both the technical and non-technical audience, this book defines advanced terms in two steps. The first step is a general, contextual definition that will serve the needs of less technical readers. The second step is in terms that are appropriate to a serious technical reader. Some terms reference an appendix of even more detailed white papers.
Hybrid Intelligent Techniques for Pattern Analysis and Understanding outlines the latest research on the development and application of synergistic approaches to pattern analysis in real-world scenarios. An invaluable resource for lecturers, researchers, and graduates students in computer science and engineering, this book covers a diverse range of hybrid intelligent techniques, including image segmentation, character recognition, human behavioral analysis, hyperspectral data processing, and medical image analysis.
In an age where digital technology makes just about anything
possible, Interactive Design for New Media and the Web demonstrates
how to realize that promise through the creation of outstanding
interactive programs. This hands-on, practical book examines the
ever-expanding capabilities of all forms of digital presentation
for increasing interactivity, and the design principles and
interface guidelines needed to deliver the required message or
story with this technology.
"User Interfaces for All" is the first book dedicated to the issues
of Universal Design and Universal Access in the field of
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Universal Design (or Design for
All) is an inclusive and proactive approach seeking to accommodate
diversity in the users and usage contexts of interactive products,
applications, and services, starting from the design phase of the
development life cycle. The ongoing paradigm shift toward a
knowledge-intensive information society is already bringing about
radical changes in the way people work and interact with each other
and with information. The requirement for Universal Design stems
from the growing impact of the fusion of the emerging technologies,
and from the different dimensions of diversity, which are intrinsic
to the information society.
The TransNav 2011 Symposium held at the Gdynia Maritime University, Poland in June 2011 has brought together a wide range of participants from all over the world. The program has offered a variety of contributions, allowing to look at many aspects of the navigational safety from various different points of view. Topics presented and discussed at the Symposium were: navigation, safety at sea, sea transportation, education of navigators and simulator-based training, sea traffic engineering, ship's manoeuvrability, integrated systems, electronic charts systems, satellite, radio-navigation and anti-collision systems and many others. This book is part of a series of six volumes and provides an overview of Navigational Systems and Simulators and is addressed to scientists and professionals involved in research and development of navigation, safety of navigation and sea transportation.
Develops a Comprehensive, Global Model for Contextually Based Processing Systems A new perspective on global information systems operation Helping to advance a valuable paradigm shift in the next generation and processing of knowledge, Introduction to Contextual Processing: Theory and Applications provides a comprehensive model for constructing a contextually based processing system. It explores the components of this system, the interactions of the components, key mathematical foundations behind the model, and new concepts necessary for operating the system. After defining the key dimensions of a model for contextual processing, the book discusses how data is used to develop a semantic model for contexts as well as language-driven context-specific processing actions. It then applies rigorous mathematical methods to contexts, examines basic sensor data fusion theory and applies it to the contextual fusion of information, and describes the means to distribute contextual information. The authors also illustrate a new type of data repository model to manage contextual data, before concluding with the requirements of contextual security in a global environment. This seminal work presents an integrated framework for the design and operation of the next generation of IT processing. It guides the way for developing advanced IT systems and offers new models and concepts that can support advanced semantic web and cloud computing capabilities at a global scale.
Coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture (CGRA) has emerged as a solution for flexible, application-specific optimization of embedded systems. Helping you understand the issues involved in designing and constructing embedded systems, Design of Low-Power Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Architectures offers new frameworks for optimizing the architecture of components in embedded systems in order to decrease area and save power. Real application benchmarks and gate-level simulations substantiate these frameworks. The first half of the book explains how to reduce power in the configuration cache. The authors present a low-power reconfiguration technique based on reusable context pipelining that merges the concept of context reuse into context pipelining. They also propose dynamic context compression capable of supporting required bits of the context words set to enable and the redundant bits set to disable. In addition, they discuss dynamic context management for reducing power consumption in the configuration cache by controlling a read/write operation of the redundant context words. Focusing on the design of a cost-effective processing element array to reduce area and power consumption, the second half of the text presents a cost-effective array fabric that uniquely rearranges processing elements and their interconnection designs. The book also describes hierarchical reconfigurable computing arrays consisting of two reconfigurable computing blocks with two types of communication structure. The two computing blocks share critical resources, offering an efficient communication interface between them and reducing the overall area. The final chapter takes an integrated approach to optimization that draws on the design schemes presented in earlier chapters. Using a case study, the authors demonstrate the synergy effect of combining multiple design schemes.
The Systems Development Handbook provides practical guidance for the r ange of new applications problems, featuring contributions from many i ndustry experts. The book provides step-by-step charts, tables, schema tics, and a comprehensive index for easy access to topics and areas of related interest. Topics include cooperative processing; the transiti on to object-oriented development; rapid application development tools and graphical user interfaces (GUIs); database architecture in distri buted computing; development tools and techniques, including design, m easurement, and production; and more.
This book investigates the fundaments, standards, and protocols of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in the industrial transformation environment. It facilitates a fusion of both technologies in the creation of reliable and robust applications. Cyber-Physical Systems for Industrial Transformation: Fundamentals, Standards, and Protocols explores emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, data science, blockchain, robotic process automation, virtual reality, edge computing, and 5G technology to highlight current and future opportunities to transition CPS to become more robust and reliable. The book showcases the real-time sensing, processing, and actuation software and discusses fault-tolerant and cybersecurity as well. This book brings together undergraduates, postgraduates, academics, researchers, and industry individuals that are interested in exploring new ideas, techniques, and tools related to CPS and Industry 4.0.
Kubernetes has become the operating system of today's cloud native world, providing a reliable and scalable platform for running containerized workloads. In this friendly, pragmatic book, cloud experts Justin Domingus and John Arundel show you what Kubernetes can do-and what you can do with it. This updated second edition guides you through the growing Kubernetes ecosystem and provides practical solutions to everyday problems with software tools currently in use. You'll walk through an example containerized application running in Kubernetes step-by-step, from the development environment through the continuous deployment pipeline, exploring patterns you can use for your own applications. Make your development teams lean, fast, and effective by adopting Kubernetes and DevOps principles. Understand containers and Kubernetes-no experience necessary Run your own applications on managed cloud Kubernetes services or on-prem environments Design your own cloud native services and infrastructure Use Kubernetes to manage resource usage and the container lifecycle Optimize clusters for cost, performance, resilience, capacity, and scalability Learn the best tools for developing, testing, and deploying your applications Apply the latest industry practices for observability and monitoring Secure your containers and clusters in production
Presenting students with a comprehensive and efficient approach to the modelling, simulation, and analysis of dynamic systems, this textbook addresses mechanical, electrical, thermal and fluid systems, feedback control systems, and their combinations. It features a robust introduction to fundamental mathematical prerequisites, suitable for students from a range of backgrounds; clearly established three-key procedures - fundamental principles, basic elements, and ways of analysis - for students to build on in confidence as they explore new topics; over 300 end-of-chapter problems, with solutions available for instructors, to solidify a hands-on understanding; and clear and uncomplicated examples using MATLAB (R)/Simulink (R) and Mathematica (R), to introduce students to computational approaches. With a capstone chapter focused on the application of these techniques to real-world engineering problems, this is an ideal resource for a single-semester course in dynamic systems for students in mechanical, aerospace and civil engineering.
Future requirements for computing speed, system reliability, and
cost-effectiveness entail the development of alternative computers
to replace the traditional von Neumann organization. As computing
networks come into being, one of the latest dreams is now possible
- distributed computing.
This book is the first to directly address the question of how to
bridge what has been termed the "great divide" between the
approaches of systems developers and those of social scientists to
computer supported cooperative work--a question that has been
vigorously debated in the systems development literature.
Traditionally, developers have been trained in formal methods and
oriented to engineering and formal theoretical problems; many
social scientists in the CSCW field come from humanistic traditions
in which results are reported in a narrative mode. In spite of
their differences in style, the two groups have been cooperating
more and more in the last decade, as the "people problems"
associated with computing become increasingly evident to everyone.
This book is the first to directly address the question of how to bridge what has been termed the "great divide" between the approaches of systems developers and those of social scientists to computer supported cooperative work--a question that has been vigorously debated in the systems development literature. Traditionally, developers have been trained in formal methods and oriented to engineering and formal theoretical problems; many social scientists in the CSCW field come from humanistic traditions in which results are reported in a narrative mode. In spite of their differences in style, the two groups have been cooperating more and more in the last decade, as the "people problems" associated with computing become increasingly evident to everyone. The authors have been encouraged to examine, rigorously and in depth, the theoretical basis of CSCW. With contributions from field leaders in the United Kingdom, France, Scandinavia, Mexico, and the United States, this volume offers an exciting overview of the cutting edge of research and theory. It constitutes a solid foundation for the rapidly coalescing field of social informatics. Divided into three parts, this volume covers social theory, design theory, and the sociotechnical system with respect to CSCW. The first set of chapters looks at ways of rethinking basic social categories with the development of distributed collaborative computing technology--concepts of the group, technology, information, user, and text. The next section concentrates more on the lessons that can be learned at the design stage given that one wants to build a CSCW system incorporating these insights--what kind of work does one need to do and how is understanding of design affected? The final part looks at the integration of social and technical in the operation of working sociotechnical systems. Collectively the contributors make the argument that the social and technical are irremediably linked in practice and so the "great divide" not only should be a thing of the past, it should never have existed in the first place.
From fundamental concepts and theories to implementation protocols and cutting-edge applications, the Handbook of Mobile Systems Applications and Services supplies a complete examination of the evolution of mobile services technologies. It examines service-oriented architecture (SOA) and explains why SOA and service oriented computing (SOC) will play key roles in the development of future mobile services. Investigating current service discovery frameworks, the book covers the basics of mobile services and applications developed in various contexts. The first section provides readers with the required background in mobile services architecture. Next, it details of middleware support for mobile services. The final section discusses security and applications of mobile services. Containing the contributions of leading researchers and academics from around the world, the book: Introduces a new location-based access control model Unveils a simple, yet powerful enhancement that enables Web services to locally manage workflow dependencies and handle messages resulting from multiple workflows Examines an event-based location aware query model that continuously aggregates data in specific areas around mobile sensors of interest Addresses the problem of location-based access control in the context of privacy protection Presents a layered architecture of context-aware middleware Considers the development of assistive technology solutions for the blind or visually impaired Discussing architecture for supporting multi-mode terminals in integrated heterogeneous wireless networks, this book addresses the network availability constraint to serve all mobile services originating from a single-user terminal. It examines QoS protocols and their enhancements in supporting user mobility. Analyzing mobile services security vulnerabilities, it details security design best practices that mobile service developers can use to improve the security of their mobile systems.
Systems Engineering Guidebook: A Process for Developing Systems and Products is intended to provide readers with a guide to understanding and becoming familiar with the systems engineering process, its application, and its value to the successful implementation of systems development projects. The book describes the systems engineering process as a multidisciplinary effort. The process is defined in terms of specific tasks to be accomplished, with great emphasis placed on defining the problem that is being addressed prior to designing the solution.
In recent years, the use of technology for the purposes of
improving and enriching traditional instructional practices has
received a great deal of attention. However, few works have
explicitly examined cognitive, psychological, and educational
principles on which technology-supported learning environments are
based. This volume attempts to cover the need for a thorough
theoretical analysis and discussion of the principles of system
design that underlie the construction of technology-enhanced
learning environments. It presents examples of technology-supported
learning environments that cover a broad range of content domains,
from the physical sciences and mathematics to the teaching of
language and literacy.
Proven Patterns for Designing Evolvable High-Quality APIs--For Any Domain, Technology, or Platform APIs enable breakthrough innovation and digital transformation in organizations and ecosystems of all kinds. To create user-friendly, reliable and well-performing APIs, architects, designers, and developers need expert design guidance. This practical guide cuts through the complexity of API conversations and their message contents, introducing comprehensive guidelines and heuristics for designing APIs sustainably and specifying them clearly, for whatever technologies or platforms you use. In Patterns for API Design: Simplifying Integration with Loosely Coupled Message Exchanges, five expert architects and developers cover the entire API lifecycle, from launching projects and establishing goals through defining requirements, elaborating designs, planning evolution, and creating useful documentation. They crystallize the collective knowledge of many practitioners into 44 API design patterns, consistently explained with context, pros and cons, conceptual solutions, and concrete examples. To make their pattern language accessible, they present a domain model, a running case study, decision narratives with pattern selection options and criteria, and walkthroughs of real-world projects applying the patterns in two different industries. Identify and overcome API design challenges with patterns Size your endpoint types and operations adequately Design request and response messages and their representations Refine your message design for quality Plan to evolve your APIs Document and communicate your API contracts Combine patterns to solve real-world problems and make the right tradeoffs "This book provides a healthy mix of theory and practice, containing numerous nuggets of deep advice but never losing the big picture . . . grounded in real-world experience and documented with academic rigor applied and practitioner community feedback incorporated. I am confident that [it] will serve the community well, today and tomorrow." --Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Frank Leymann, Managing Director, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems, University of Stuttgart
This book gives an in-depth introduction to the areas of modeling, identification, simulation, and optimization. These scientific topics play an increasingly dominant part in many engineering areas such as electrotechnology, mechanical engineering, aerospace, and physics. This book represents a unique and concise treatment of the mutual interactions among these topics.
This volume's goal is to begin to document the dialogue processes
in naturally-occurring human tutoring, in the context of informing
the design of intelligent tutoring systems, and of interactive
systems in general. This project represents the first empirical
study of human tutorial dialogue from a conversation analytic
perspective -- the conversational interaction is the focus of
analysis rather than larger scale techniques for teaching. It is
also the first study of tutoring to make use of large quantities of
carefully transcribed tutoring conversations/dialogues.
The voices in this collection are primarily those of researchers
and developers concerned with bringing knowledge of technological
possibilities to bear on informed and effective system design.
Their efforts are distinguished from many previous writings on
system development by their central and abiding reliance on direct
and continuous interaction with those who are the ultimate arbiters
of system adequacy; namely, those who will use the technology in
their everyday lives and work. A key issue throughout is the
question of who does what to whom: whose interests are at stake,
who initiates action and for what reason, who defines the problem
and who decides that there is one. |
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