Contains suggestions for making classroom and teaching practice more effective for bilingual and bidialectical pupils. Case studies are used, which give voice to student and practising teacher perspectives which are often unheard. This book will help teachers develop practice that combats actual exclusion and the 'symbolic' exclusion that some multicultured students experience.

The purpose of Transforming Schooling for Second Language Learners: Theoretical Insights, Policies, Pedagogies, and Practices is to bring together educational researchers and practitioners who have implemented, documented, or examined policies, pedagogies, and practices in and out of classrooms and in real and virtual contexts that are in some way transforming what we know about the extent to which emergent bilinguals (EBs) learn and achieve in educational settings. In the following chapters, scholars and researchers identify both (1) the current state of schooling for EBs, from their perspective, and (2) the particular ways that policies, pedagogies, and/or practices transform schooling as it currently exists for EBs in discernible ways based on their scholarship and research. Drawing on current and seminal research in fields including second language acquisition, applied linguistics, sociolinguistics, and educational linguistics, contributing authors draw on complementary theoretical, methodological, and philosophical frameworks that attend to the social, cultural, political, and ideological dimensions of being and becoming bi/multilingual and bi/multiliterate in schools and in the United States. In sum, we are deeply committed to asserting hope, possibility, and potential to discussions and discourses about bi/multilingual students. We value the urgency around improving the conditions, experiences, and circumstances in which they are learning languages and academic content. Our aim is to highlight perspectives, conceptualizations, orientations, and ideologies that disrupt and contest legacies of deficit thinking, linguistic purism, language standardization, and racism and the racialization of ethnolinguistic minorities.

* Offers science-based, practical tools to clinicians and families to treat peer difficulties in children with ADHD for which there are not currently effective treatment options * Contains an orientation to the program for clinicians, the background and empirical support for PFC, and then is organized into chapters corresponding to each of the 10 PFC sessions * There is research evidence that PFC may improve friendship behaviors, and may improve friendship quality in certain at-risk subgroups of children with ADHD

Volume 13 of "Advances in Learning and Behavioral Disabilities" presents a variety of topics relevant to disorders of learning and behavior, from a diverse international group of researchers. In the first chapter, H. Lee Swanson presents a comprehensive discussion and analysis of working memory in readers with learning disabilities and its relation to deficits in executive processing. A chapter by Kathryn Fletcher, Marcia Schott, Lois-Lynn Deuel, and Beda Jean-Francios reviews comparative research on cognitive abilities of individuals with learning disabilities and mild mental retardation. Patrizio Tressoldi and Daniela Lucangeli discuss a conceptual approach to mathematical word problem solving, and provide implications for diagnosis and treatment. Francesca Pazzaglia, Rossana De Beni, and Lucia Caccio discuss working memory and disorders in reading comprehension. Teresa Crenshaw, Kenneth Kavale, Steven Forness, and Ronald Reeve provide a meta-analysis of research on the effects of stimulant medication on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and discuss implications for practice. Panayota Mantzicopoulos and Delmont Morrison describe a tutoring model for improving behavior problems of at-risk students, and describe results of relevant research. Frederick Brigham and Jane Cole provide a chapter on developments in research on selective mutism, discussing causes, characteristics, assessment, and treatment. Finally, Ana van Berckelaer-Onnes and Daniela Lucangeli provide an analysis of theoretical perspectives on autism, and discuss recent relevant research. Taken together, this volume contributes reviews and discussions of a variety of perspectives and topics relevant to the study of learning and behavioral disabilities.

Now in an exciting second edition, this fun and interactive board game has been designed to develop word-finding and categorisation skills for children and adults. With over 200 photographic cards and a colourful, versatile board, Find the Link can be used to facilitate a number of connecting and categorisation games, encouraging users to draw on their existing knowledge and descriptive skills to develop vocabulary, classification, logical thought and concentration. Collaborative and competitive games can be played individually, or in groups of 2 - 5 players, providing opportunities for social engagement alongside skill development. The game includes: * 200 hexagonal cards with new and updated images, which can also be used alone for sorting and classification * 40 card categories, ranging from basic groups such as animals, food, clothes and transport, to complex groups such as function and place * A colourful versatile board * An instruction booklet, with guidance and instructions for different games Part of the bestselling Colorcards series, this is an essential resource for anybody working with young children, adults with impaired language abilities, children and adults with special educational needs, or those learning English as an additional language.

"International Perspectives on Intercultural Education" offers a comprehensive analysis of intercultural education activity as it is practiced in the countries of Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Romania, Spain, England, South Africa, Ghana, Nigeria, the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Chapters by key scholars and practitioners from these nations inform the reader of current educational practice related to diversity. Each author, responding to a common series of guiding questions, presents:
*a brief description of the national educational system in her or his country;
*descriptive data on demographics in these countries, including data on various subgroups and subcultures and their experiences with the mainstream educational system;
* a discussion of the perceived obstacles to addressing intercultural issues in schools and solutions to overcoming these obstacles; and
*a comprehensive analysis of intercultural information on how teacher preparation institutions address intercultural education at the present time.
An overall concern of each chapter author is how intercultural approaches can be employed to solve the difficulties faced by both individuals and schools while maintaining the cultural integrity of the child.

As an early years practitioner, you will educate and care for children with a range of developmental needs and differences. This essential book introduces you to a play-rich approach providing both universal and targeted ideas that will support social and emotional development and ensure that children feel safe, secure, and nurtured. Using the four broad areas of need as a guide, each accessible chapter positions wellbeing at the heart of an effective approach to inclusion and offers meaningful and responsive teaching practices that create a sense of belonging and acceptance. Founded in the latest research, the book presents key knowledge alongside ideas and activities to support wellbeing, which can be embedded into the child's everyday experiences and adapted to meet their individual needs. This book offers: Evidence-based strategies and techniques that have a positive impact on the long-term social and emotional wellbeing of children with SEND. Guidance through the four broad areas of need, with a focus on play, learning, and developing an emotionally healthy early years environment. Examples of practice in action. Case studies, reflective questions, and activities that will upskill the reader and empower them in their role. Providing up to date, transferrable and essential knowledge on SEND in the early years, this is an essential resource for any practitioner looking to expand their repertoire and enrich the wellbeing of children with SEND.

First published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Having a positive understanding of yourself is empowering and boosts wellbeing. The young people's workbook is written with the young people at the forefront, so it is autism-friendly and has a positive focus on difference. When a young person receives an autism diagnosis, many parents and professionals do not know how to talk to them about this, and this book pairing gives them the tools and confidence to do that. There isn't currently a book on the market that enables a lead adult to feel skilled enough to have these conversations with a young person. Rebecca Duffus has years of experience using this format with young people, with positive outcomes, as well as 14 years of experience of working with young people, families and education settings.

This book sets out the basis for addressing the individual needs of children with a wide range of visual impairments within the Code of Practice. It includes information about opthalmics; the identification and assessment of aspects of vision, and the role of different agencies likely to be involved; a comprehensive range of practical strategies; and advice on the use of low vision aids, appropriate decor and physical layouts, lighting conditions and equipment, and relevant IT. Drawing on recent research, this book argues that it is the quality of the child's social interactions which promotes play, language and learning. This is a highly accessible text addressed to parents, teachers and those who support schools professionally.

This volume offers foundational information and research-based strategies for meeting the needs of deaf and hard of hearing learners with disabilities. The disabilities covered in this volume include developmental delays, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual and learning disabilities, deafblindness, emotional and behavioral disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and a variety of high incidence syndromes. Contributors examine the literature within each disability category, share best practices, and consider demographics/characteristics, intervention/identification, placement, communication/language, psychosocial issues, assistive technologies/accommodations, assessments, and transition/post-secondary outcomes. Each chapter begins with learning objectives and concludes with discussion questions and a resource list. Deaf and Hard of Hearing Learners with Disabilities is an essential book for courses at the undergraduate and graduate level, and in workshops and webinars for in-service teachers, professionals, and families.

This study seeks to reorient our understanding of the early educational determinants of social stratification outcomes. It focuses on the process and consequences of unequal cognitive skill attainment for ethnic and poverty groups within our nation's cities. It draws, theoretically, on the notion that experiences at home and school create a feedback loop by which the "cultural capital" of the students (their toolkit of skills, habits, and styles with which they construct strategies of action) evolves over time and largely determines differential success in mastering the teacher-assigned homework.

Over the past 40 years, Jim Cummins has proposed a number of highly influential theoretical concepts, including the threshold and interdependence hypotheses and the distinction between conversational fluency and academic language proficiency. In this book, he provides a personal account of how these ideas developed and he examines the credibility of critiques they have generated, using the criteria of empirical adequacy, logical coherence, and consequential validity. These criteria of theoretical legitimacy are also applied to the evaluation of two different versions of translanguaging theory - Unitary Translanguaging Theory and Crosslinguistic Translanguaging Theory - in a way that significantly clarifies this controversial concept.

Recognizing the characteristics of children with learning disabilities and deciding how to help them is a problem faced by schools all over the world. Although some disorders are fairly easily recognizable (e.g., mental retardation) or very specific to single components of performance and quite rare (e.g., developmental dyscalculia), schools must consider much larger populations of children with learning difficulties who cannot always be readily classified. These children present high-level learning difficulties that affect their performance on a variety of school tasks, but the underlying problem is often their difficulty in understanding written text. In many instances, despite good intellectual abilities and a superficial ability to cope with written texts and to use language appropriately, some children do not seem to grasp the most important elements, or cannot find the pieces of information they are looking for. Sometimes these difficulties are not immediately detected by the teacher in the early school years. They may be hidden because the most obvious early indicators of reading progress in the teacher's eyes do not involve comprehension of written texts or because the first texts a child encounters are quite simple and reflect only the difficulty level of the oral messages (sentences, short stories, etc.) with which the child is already familiar. However, as years go by and texts get more complex, comprehension difficulties will become increasingly apparent and increasingly detrimental to effective school learning. In turn, studying, assimilating new information, and many other situations requiring text comprehension -- from problem solving to reasoning with linguistic contents -- could be affected.
Problems with decoding, dyslexia, and language disorders have attracted more interest from researchers than have specific comprehension problems and have occupied more room in specialized journals. Normal reading comprehension has also been a favorite with researchers. However, scarce interest has been paid to subjects who have comprehension difficulties. This book is an attempt to remedy this situation. In so doing, this volume answers the following questions:
* Does a reading comprehension problem exist in schools?
* How important and widespread is the problem?
* Is the problem specific?
* How can a reading comprehension difficulty be defined and identified?
* Does the "syndrome" have a single pattern or can different subtypes be identified?
* What are the main characteristics associated with a reading comprehension difficulty?
* When can other well-identified problems add to our understanding of reading comprehension difficulties?
* Which educational strategies are effective in preventing and treating reading comprehension difficulties?
* What supplementary information can we get from an international perspective?

Radical activists do not see the American middle school as an organization to impart academic knowledge, but as an instrument through which they can force social change. Yecke, an experienced teacher and administrator, shows how these activists have implemented their plans and endangered the education of all middle school children--especially those who are gifted. In 1983 A Nation at Risk declared, "If an unfriendly foreign power had attempted to impose on America the mediocre educational performance that exists today, we might well have viewed it as an act of war." How did American educators respond? In their quest to establish a more egalitarian society, middle school activists and social reformers made it clear that the middle school was not just a new educational organization, but a means promoting social egalitarianism by coercing gifted students to be like everyone else. This was nothing less than a declaration of war against gifted children. Yecke shows that the inadequacies of our systems of research and education pose a greater threat to U.S. national security over the next quarter century than any potential conventional war that we might imagine. The achievement of students in other nations now regularly surpasses that of American students, and it will be impossible to reverse this trend within the confines of the contemporary middle school concept. Yecke asserts that it is time for the American public to reject the radical middle school movement before too much damage is done.

Written during a period of reexamination and change in the field of special education, this book was developed in order to provide a better understanding of the contexts in which children receive their formal education. The movement toward the "least restrictive environment" for the education of children with disabilities is weathering a wave of reinterpretations including mainstreaming, the regular education initiative, and inclusion. While each interpretation has its proponents and critics, limited theory and few data are available to guide these important policy decisions.
Focusing specifically on classrooms -- the settings where educators can have the most immediate impact and where research is most needed -- this volume's goals are:
* to establish what is known about classroom ecologies from both general and special education perspectives,
* to integrate the perspectives of researchers and practitioners, and
* to chart directions for further research specifically related to children with learning disabilities.
The construct of classroom ecology is defined as three interrelated domains: instruction, teacher and peer interaction, and organization and management. This scheme provides the structure for the book. Taken as a whole, the content of the volume underscores the limits of current knowledge and at the same time provides directions for needed changes in both research and practice.

This practical, interactive resource is designed to be used by professionals who work with children and young people who have Social, Emotional and Mental Health needs and Speech, Language and Communication needs. Gaps in language and emotional skills can have a negative impact on behaviour as well as mental health and self-esteem. The Language for Behaviour and Emotions approach provides a systematic approach to developing these skills so that young people can understand and work through social interaction difficulties. Key features include: A focus on specific skills that are linked to behaviour, such as understanding meaning, verbal reasoning and emotional literacy skills. A framework for assessment, as well as a range of downloadable activities, worksheets and resources for supporting students. Sixty illustrated scenarios that can be used flexibly with a wide range of ages and abilities to promote language skills, emotional skills and self-awareness. This invaluable resource is suitable for use with young people with a range of abilities in one to one, small group or whole class settings. It is particularly applicable to children and young people who are aiming to develop wider language, social and emotional skills including those with Developmental Language Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder.

This book provides a practical focus and framework for establishing insightful leadership that will enhance the learning of students with exceptionalities in the 21st century by discussing critical leadership dimensions and topics by leading academics. Topics discussed include the following: shifting leadership paradigms for all students in general and special education, district leadership strategies for implementing individualized academic and behavioral student interventions, preparing leaders to work with students with diverse learning needs, critical leadership roles for regular classroom teachers in educating learners with special needs, innovative leadership to increase school completion and graduation of general and special education learners, why psychologists need to be a part of the school leadership team, the importance of culturally responsive leadership in general and special education, the role of school leaders in helping learners with physical and health impairments, school leadership for all students in rural schools, the use of technology by leaders to improve special education services, an international example model of leadership in general and special education, and future perspectives of leadership in special education. Leadership Matters in the Education of Students with Special Needs in the 21st Century is a critically needed addition to the successful education of students with exceptionalities as it provides much needed and innovative leadership perspectives for effective instructional practices for today's students with special needs. The book can be a model for best practices for school district leadership teams challenged by the multifaceted needs of students with exceptionalities.

"Education Reform and Social Change" is about addressing and changing the structures, policies, and practices of schools that differentially advantage white, middle class, native English speakers over students of color for whom English may be a second or additional language. It is also about helping people to think critically about what it is schools do and to consider more democratic, participatory, and equitable approaches.
The chapters in the text provide first-hand documentation of the voices, struggles, and visions of students, parent activists, advocates, attorneys, and educators involved in educational and social change processes. It chronicles real-life efforts of people challenging the status quo and working to build a more participatory, equitable, and transformative future.
The goal of this book is twofold: first, to consider the structures, policies, and practices that shape and limit educational change, and learning and teaching; and second, to document grassroots collaborative and creative efforts to change them. It offers a critical framework both for conceptualizing and for actualizing educational change.
Organized into four sections, this book provides a theoretical and practical framework for thinking about educational reform and social change -- one that moves from the broader structural concerns that are embedded in policy, to case studies that document activism and collaborative efforts to change school, city, and state policies, to classroom-based directions and initiatives, and to the construction of personal and collective visions for a more democratic, equitable, and just education. Each section includes an overview of the chapters, necessary background information to help the reader contextualize what follows, and guiding questions to encourage reflective thought and engagement with the text and to invite personal linkages. Two resource sections are included at the end of the volume: "Radical Educational Reform, Critical Pedagogy, and Multicultural Education: Selected Readings and Resources" and "National Organization Networks and Resources with a Critical Perspective."

Our book examines the role of three factors, God, Money, and Politics, in the epistemological theory of blindness, (the theory of the construction of knowledge on blindness and touch by social and cultural change). This book also illustrates this development has, in the main, been motivated by an attempt to assert or gain power and why the study of blindness in conventional academic subjects such as psychology, history and sociology is so important. We do this by presenting the main theories of disability and blindness that have informed the writing of this book, and a frame of reference for the historical story. Which places the book in the broad context of theories of disability and blindness, within an academic and symbolic context of physical impairment and the social mythologies that accompany such understanding.

The book Gifted Education in Asia: Problems and Prospects is the first of its kind in terms of providing a critical assessment of the state of gifted education in nine representative countries or regions in Asia (Hong Kong, India, Japan, Mainland China, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Turkey), five commentaries that put gifted education in a global context, and a conclusion chapter that provides a long?term projection of future developments in gifted education in an information age and knowledge economy in the 21st century, and what challenges and opportunities lie ahead for Asian countries. As Asia has become an economic powerhouse globally, and its education has also gained global attention (e.g., its stellar performance in international comparisons such as PISA), gifted education gearing toward the cultivation of the most precious human capital gains added importance. Authors of the 15?Chapter volume come from Asia, Europe, and North America, and they represent top experts in the field of education. The book is an authoritative source of knowledge for anyone interested in gifted education, talent development, and creativity in this region. Policy makers, business and school leaders, teachers, educational researchers, and parents will find this book informative and thought?provoking.

Support staff in schools are increasingly recognised as playing an important, though often undefined, role in inclusive education. While there has been some research on how best to work with support staff, this book provides readers with a comprehensive examination of roles and responsibilities within the classroom. Issues in determining appropriate ways to work effectively with support staff are raised, along with strategies teachers can use to enhance the collaborative and reflective nature of working with others.