This book highlights the failure theories and evaluation techniques of thermal barrier coatings, covering the thermal-mechanical-chemical coupling theories, performance and damage characterization techniques, and related evaluations. Thermal barrier coatings are the key thermal protection materials for high-temperature components in advanced aeroengines. Coating spallation is a major technical bottleneck faced by researchers. The extremely complex microstructure, diverse service environments, and failure behaviors bring challenges to the spallation analysis in terms of the selective use of mechanical theories, experimental methods, and testing platforms. In the book, the authors provide a systematic summary of the latest research and technological advances and present their insights and findings in the past couple of decades. This book is not only suitable for researchers and engineers in thermal barrier coatings and related fields but also a good reference for upper-undergraduate and postgraduate students of materials science and mechanics majors.

This book covers recent trends and applications of nonlinear dynamics in various branches of society, science, and engineering. The selected peer-reviewed contributions were presented at the International Conference on Nonlinear Dynamics and Applications (ICNDA 2022) at Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology (SMIT) and cover a broad swath of topics ranging from chaos theory and fractals to quantum systems and the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic. Organized by the SMIT Department of Mathematics, this international conference offers an interdisciplinary stage for scientists, researchers, and inventors to present and discuss the latest innovations and trends in all possible areas of nonlinear dynamics.

Energy & Exergy Currents An Introduction To Exergonomics.

This third edition expands on the original material. Large portions of the text have been reviewed and clarified. More emphasis is devoted to machine learning including more modern concepts and examples. This book provides the reader with the main concepts and tools needed to perform statistical analyses of experimental data, in particular in the field of high-energy physics (HEP). It starts with an introduction to probability theory and basic statistics, mainly intended as a refresher from readers' advanced undergraduate studies, but also to help them clearly distinguish between the Frequentist and Bayesian approaches and interpretations in subsequent applications. Following, the author discusses Monte Carlo methods with emphasis on techniques like Markov Chain Monte Carlo, and the combination of measurements, introducing the best linear unbiased estimator. More advanced concepts and applications are gradually presented, including unfolding and regularization procedures, culminating in the chapter devoted to discoveries and upper limits. The reader learns through many applications in HEP where the hypothesis testing plays a major role and calculations of look-elsewhere effect are also presented. Many worked-out examples help newcomers to the field and graduate students alike understand the pitfalls involved in applying theoretical concepts to actual data.

This book aims to cover a broad range of topics in statistical physics, including statistical mechanics (equilibrium and non-equilibrium), soft matter and fluid physics, for applications to biological phenomena at both cellular and macromolecular levels. It is intended to be a graduate level textbook, but can also be addressed to the interested senior level undergraduate. The book is written also for those involved in research on biological systems or soft matter based on physics, particularly on statistical physics. Typical statistical physics courses cover ideal gases (classical and quantum) and interacting units of simple structures. In contrast, even simple biological fluids are solutions of macromolecules, the structures of which are very complex. The goal of this book to fill this wide gap by providing appropriate content as well as by explaining the theoretical method that typifies good modeling, namely, the method of coarse-grained descriptions that extract the most salient features emerging at mesoscopic scales. The major topics covered in this book include thermodynamics, equilibrium statistical mechanics, soft matter physics of polymers and membranes, non-equilibrium statistical physics covering stochastic processes, transport phenomena and hydrodynamics. Generic methods and theories are described with detailed derivations, followed by applications and examples in biology. The book aims to help the readers build, systematically and coherently through basic principles, their own understanding of nonspecific concepts and theoretical methods, which they may be able to apply to a broader class of biological problems.

Surfaces and interfaces play an essential role in many advanced technological processes, and they are, at the same time, in the focus of basic research. The proceedings of the Workshop on title] held at the Centre de Physique, Les Houches, France (date not specified) comprise papers organized withi

This book highlights a comprehensive description of the numerical methods in rarefied gas dynamics, which has strong applications ranging from space vehicle re-entry, micro-electromechanical systems, to shale gas extraction. The book consists of five major parts: The fast spectral method to solve the Boltzmann collision operator for dilute monatomic gas and the Enskog collision operator for dense granular gas; The general synthetic iterative scheme to solve the kinetic equations with the properties of fast convergence and asymptotic preserving; The kinetic modeling of monatomic and molecular gases, and the extraction of critical gas parameters from the experiment of Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering; The assessment of the fluid-dynamics equations derived from the Boltzmann equation and typical kinetic gas-surface boundary conditions; The applications of the fast spectral method and general synthetic iterative scheme to reveal the dynamics in some canonical rarefied gas flows. The book is suitable for postgraduates and researchers interested in rarefied gas dynamics and provides many numerical codes for them to begin with.

This book introduces the detonation phenomenon in explosives. It is ideal for engineers and graduate students with a background in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics. The material is mostly qualitative, aiming to illustrate the physical aspects of the phenomenon. Classical idealized theories of detonation waves are presented first. These permit detonation speed, gas properties ahead of and behind the detonation wave, and the distribution of fluid properties within the detonation wave itself to be determined. Subsequent chapters describe in detail the real unstable structure of a detonation wave. One-, two-, and three-dimensional computer simulations are presented along with experimental results using various experimental techniques. The important effects of confinement and boundary conditions and their influence on the propagation of a detonation are also discussed. The final chapters cover the various ways detonation waves can be formed and provide a review of the outstanding problems and future directions in detonation research.

Hadronic Mechanics & Nonpotential Interactions

A comprehensive overview and summary of recent achievements and the latest trends in bioinspired thermal materials. Following an introduction to different thermal materials and their effective heat transfer to other materials, the text discusses heat detection materials that are inspired by biological systems, such as fire beetles and butterflies. There then follow descriptions of materials with thermal management functionality, including those for evaporation and condensation, heat transfer and thermal insulation materials, as modeled on snake skins, polar bears and fire-resistant trees. A discussion of thermoresponsive materials with thermally switchable surfaces and controllable nanochannels as well as those with high thermal conductivity and piezoelectric sensors is rounded off by a look toward future trends in the bioinspired engineering of thermal materials. Straightforward and well structured, this is an essential reference for newcomers as well as experienced researchers in this exciting field.

An understanding of thermal physics is crucial to much of modern physics, chemistry and engineering. This book provides a modern introduction to the main principles that are foundational to thermal physics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. The key concepts are carefully presented in a clear way, and new ideas are illustrated with copious worked examples as well as a description of the historical background to their discovery. Applications are presented to subjects as diverse as stellar astrophysics, information and communication theory, condensed matter physics and climate change. Each chapter concludes with detailed exercises.
The second edition of this popular textbook maintains the structure and lively style of the first edition but extends its coverage of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics to include several new topics, including osmosis, diffusion problems, Bayes theorem, radiative transfer, the Ising model and Monte Carlo methods. New examples and exercises have been added throughout.
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The laws of thermodynamics drive everything that happens in the universe. From the sudden expansion of a cloud of gas to the cooling of hot metal--everything is moved or restrained by four simple laws. Written by Peter Atkins, one of the world's leading authorities on thermodynamics, this powerful and compact introduction explains what these four laws are and how they work, using accessible language and virtually no mathematics. Guiding the reader a step at a time, Atkins begins with Zeroth (so named because the first two laws were well established before scientists realized that a third law, relating to temperature, should precede them--hence the jocular name zeroth), and proceeds through the First, Second, and Third Laws, offering a clear account of concepts such as the availability of work and the conservation of energy. Atkins ranges from the fascinating theory of entropy (revealing how its unstoppable rise constitutes the engine of the universe), through the concept of free energy, and to the brink, and then beyond the brink, of absolute zero.
About the Series: Combining authority with wit, accessibility, and style, Very Short Introductions offer an introduction to some of life's most interesting topics. Written by experts for the newcomer, they demonstrate the finest contemporary thinking about the central problems and issues in hundreds of key topics, from philosophy to Freud, quantum theory to Islam.

Ecosystems, the human brain, ant colonies, and economic networks are all complex systems displaying collective behaviour, or emergence, beyond the sum of their parts. Complexity science is the systematic investigation of these emergent phenomena, and stretches across disciplines, from physics and mathematics, to biological and social sciences. This introductory textbook provides detailed coverage of this rapidly growing field, accommodating readers from a variety of backgrounds, and with varying levels of mathematical skill. Part I presents the underlying principles of complexity science, to ensure students have a solid understanding of the conceptual framework. The second part introduces the key mathematical tools central to complexity science, gradually developing the mathematical formalism, with more advanced material provided in boxes. A broad range of end of chapter problems and extended projects offer opportunities for homework assignments and student research projects, with solutions available to instructors online. Key terms are highlighted in bold and listed in a glossary for easy reference, while annotated reading lists offer the option for extended reading and research.

This book is about coexistence patterns in ensembles of globally coupled nonlinear oscillators. Coexistence patterns in this respect are states of a dynamical system in which the dynamics in some parts of the system differ significantly from those in other parts, even though there is no underlying structural difference between the different parts. In other words, these asymmetric patterns emerge in a self-organized manner. As our main model, we use ensembles of various numbers of Stuart-Landau oscillators, all with the same natural frequency and all coupled equally strongly to each other. Employing computer simulations, bifurcation analysis and symmetry considerations, we uncover the mechanism behind a wide range of complex patterns found in these ensembles. Our starting point is the creation of so-called chimeras, which are subsequently treated within a new and broader context of related states.

This latest edition enhances the material of the first edition with a derivation of the value of the action for each of the Harrington-Shepard calorons/anticalorons that are relevant for the emergence of the thermal ground state. Also included are discussions of the caloron center versus its periphery, the role of the thermal ground state in U(1) wave propagation, photonic particle-wave duality, and calculational intricacies and book-keeping related to one-loop scattering of massless modes in the deconfining phase of an SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. Moreover, a derivation of the temperature-redshift relation of the CMB in deconfining SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics and its application to explaining an apparent early re-ionization of the Universe are given. Finally, a mechanism of mass generation for cosmic neutrinos is proposed.

At the heart of many fields - physics, chemistry, engineering - lies thermodynamics. While this science plays a critical role in determining the boundary between what is and is not possible in the natural world, it occurs to many as an indecipherable black box, thus making the subject a challenge to learn. Two obstacles contribute to this situation, the first being the disconnect between the fundamental theories and the underlying physics and the second being the confusing concepts and terminologies involved with the theories. While one needn't confront either of these two obstacles to successfully use thermodynamics to solve real problems, overcoming both provides access to a greater intuitive sense of the problems and more confidence, more strength, and more creativity in solving them. This book offers an original perspective on thermodynamic science and history based on the three approaches of a practicing engineer, academician, and historian. The book synthesises and gathers into one accessible volume a strategic range of foundational topics involving the atomic theory, energy, entropy, and the laws of thermodynamics.

This book is comprised of the latest research into CSS methods, uses, and results, as presented at the 2020 annual conference of the Computational Social Science Society of the Americas (CSSSA). Computational social science (CSS) is the science that investigates social and behavioral dynamics through social simulation, social network analysis, and social media analysis. The CSSSA is a professional society that aims to advance the field of computational social science in all areas, including basic and applied orientations, by holding conferences and workshops, promoting standards of scientific excellence in research and teaching, and publishing research findings and results. The above-mentioned conference was held virtually, October 8 - 11, 2020. What follows is a diverse representation of new results and approaches to using the tools of CSS and agent-based modeling (ABM) in exploring complex phenomena across many different domains. Readers will therefore not only have the results of these specific projects upon which to build, along with a wealth of case-study examples that can serve as meaningful exemplars for new research projects and activities, they will also gain a greater appreciation for the broad scope of CSS.

This book highlights important aspects of nonlinear dynamics of biophysical nanosystems, such as DNA, alpha helix, and microtubules. It presents the differences between the linear and nonlinear models in these molecules and includes interesting chapters on Soliton dynamics of the DNA molecule. This book is meant not only for researchers but also for both graduate and undergraduate students. Chapters include derivations, detailed explanations, and exercises for students. Therefore, the book is convenient to be used as a textbook in suitable courses.

Il testo si configura come un' introduzione alla fisica statistica rivolto in primo luogo a quei corsi di studio in ingegneria che piu hanno a che fare con le proprieta fisiche dei materiali, ed ha lo scopo di fornire le basi microscopiche del comportamento termodinamico di cui si fa uso sia in molti corsi tradizionali, quali quelli di termofluidica d'interesse per l'ingegneria chimica e nucleare, che in corsi rivolti ad applicazioni avanzate nella scienza dei materiali e nelle nanotecnologie. Particolare attenzione viene quindi dedicata all'impiego di metodi di fisica statistica nella scienza dei materiali, approfondendo tematiche relative alle vibrazioni nei solidi, ai processi di nucleazione liquido/vapore, alla struttura dello stato fluido e vetroso, ai plasmi, ai materiali magnetici, al gas di Fermi e alla superfluidita. Per il suo carattere generale, e per l'accento posto sui fondamenti della meccanica quantistica, il volume si presta comunque a costituire anche un testo introduttivo alla meccanica statistica per studenti dei corsi di laurea in fisica."

Weighted Residual Methods: Principles, Modifications and Applications introduces a range of WRMs, providing examples that show how they can be used to solve complex engineering problems with greater accuracy and computational efficiency. Examples focus on non-linear problems, including the motion of a spherical particle, nanofluid flow and heat transfer, magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer, and micropolar fluid flow and heat transfer. These are important factors in understanding processes, such as filtration, combustion, air and water pollution and micro contamination. In addition to the applications, the reader is provided with full derivations of equations and summaries of important field research.

The Classical Stefan Problem: Basic Concepts, Modelling and Analysis with Quasi-Analytical Solutions and Methods, New Edition, provides fundamental theory, concepts, modelling and analysis of the physical, mathematical, thermodynamical and metallurgical properties of classical Stefan and Stefan-like problems as applied to heat transfer problems involving phase-changes, such as from liquid to solid. This self-contained work reports and derives the results from tensor analysis, differential geometry, non-equilibrium thermodynamics, physics and functional analysis, and is thoroughly enriched with many appropriate references for an in-depth background reading on theorems. This new edition includes more than 400 pages of new material on quasi-analytical solutions and methods of classical Stefan and Stefan-like problems. The book aims to bridge the gap between the theoretical and solution aspects of the afore-mentioned problems.

Application of New Cybernetics in Physics describes the application of new cybernetics to physical problems and the resolution of basic physical paradoxes by considering external observer influence. This aids the reader in solving problems that were solved incorrectly or have not been solved. Three groups of problems of the new cybernetics are considered in the book: (a) Systems that can be calculated based on known physics of subsystems. This includes the external observer influence calculated from basic physical laws (ideal dynamics) and dynamics of a physical system influenced even by low noise (observable dynamics). (b) Emergent systems. This includes external noise from the observer by using the black box model (complex dynamics), external noise from the observer by using the observer's intuition (unpredictable dynamics), defining boundaries of application of scientific methods for system behavior prediction, and the role of the observer's intuition for unpredictable systems. (c) Methods for solution of basic physical paradoxes by using methods of the new cybernetics: the entropy increase paradox, Schroedinger's cat paradox (wave package reduction in quantum mechanics), the black holes information paradox, and the time wormholes grandfather paradox. All of the above paradoxes have the same resolution based on the principles of new cybernetics. Indeed, even a small interaction of an observer with an observed system results in their time arrows' alignment (synchronization) and results in the paradox resolution and appearance of the universal time arrow.

Conformal invariance has been a spectacularly successful tool in advancing our understanding of the two-dimensional phase transitions found in classical systems at equilibrium. This volume sharpens our picture of the applications of conformal invariance, introducing non-local observables such as loops and interfaces before explaining how they arise in specific physical contexts. It then shows how to use conformal invariance to determine their properties. Moving on to cover key conceptual developments in conformal invariance, the book devotes much of its space to stochastic Loewner evolution (SLE), detailing SLE's conceptual foundations as well as extensive numerical tests. The chapters then elucidate SLE's use in geometric phase transitions such as percolation or polymer systems, paying particular attention to surface effects. As clear and accessible as it is authoritative, this publication is as suitable for non-specialist readers and graduate students alike.

Dieses Buch zur Experimentalphysik ist der zweite Band der lange erwarteten Ausarbeitung der uberaus beliebten Vorlesungen von Joachim Heintze. Die Liebe des Autors fur die Physik und fur spannende und historische Experimente ist in das Buch eingegangen und in allen Kapiteln unvermindert zu spuren. Hier finden Sie alle fur das Bachelor- und das Nebenfachstudium der Physik relevanten Themen in anschaulicher und besonders gut verstandlicher Form mit vielen Abbildungen prasentiert. UEbungsaufgaben mit ausfuhrlichen Loesungen erleichtern die Prufungsvorbereitung. Ob Physik Ihr Hauptfach sein mag oder ein Begleitfach in jedem Fall werden Sie von den klaren Erlauterungen und den eingangigen Darstellungen profitieren und vieles mitnehmen, das Sie auf Ihrem weiteren Weg begleiten wird. "Moege dieses Buch dazu dienen, allen Studenten die Schoenheit der Physik aufzuzeigen, Zusammenhange zu sehen, das Studium zu erleichtern und damit dieses Vermachtnis zu erkennen und weiter zu tragen." Hans-Georg Siebig, Aus dem Vorwort.

Understanding the effect of disorder on critical phenomena is a central issue in statistical mechanics. In probabilistic terms: what happens if we perturb a system exhibiting a phase transition by introducing a random environment? The physics community has approached this very broad question by aiming at general criteria that tell whether or not the addition of disorder changes the critical properties of a model: some of the predictions are truly striking and mathematically challenging. We approach this domain of ideas by focusing on a specific class of models, the "pinning models," for which a series of recent mathematical works has essentially put all the main predictions of the physics community on firm footing; in some cases, mathematicians have even gone beyond, settling a number of controversial issues. But the purpose of these notes, beyond treating the pinning models in full detail, is also to convey the gist, or at least the flavor, of the "overall picture," which is, in many respects, unfamiliar territory for mathematicians.