This unique introductory resource provides a broad foundation of knowledge on the gay and lesbian market segment. Topics and themes are illustrated by interviewing the top professionals in gay travel and gay media who share their experience, tips for success and future predictions. Packed with best case examples and practices of existing gay tourism initiatives and campaigns, this engaging text provides analysis and context that addresses some of the burning questions in this area, including the potential negative consumer and stakeholder reaction, and strategies to educate the local hospitality community.

Angkor, Cambodia's only World Heritage Site, is enduring one of the most crucial, turbulent periods in its twelve hundred year history. Given Cambodia's need to restore its shattered social and physical infrastructures after decades of violent conflict, and with tourism to Angkor increasing by a staggering 10,000 per cent in just over a decade, the site has become an intense focal point of competing agendas. Angkor's immense historical importance, along with its global prestige, has led to an unprecedented influx of aid, with over twenty countries together donating millions of dollars for conservation and research. For the Royal Government however, Angkor has become a 'cash-cow' of development. Post-conflict Heritage, Postcolonial Tourism critically examines this situation and locates Angkor within the broader contexts of post-conflict reconstruction, nation building, and socio-economic rehabilitation. Based on two years of fieldwork, the book explores culture, development, the politics of space, and the relationship between consumption, memory and identity to reveal the aspirations and tensions, anxieties and paradoxical agendas, which form around a heritage tourism landscape in a post-conflict, postcolonial society. With the situation in Cambodia examined as a stark example of a phenomenon common to many countries attempting to recover after periods of war or political turmoil, Post-conflict Heritage, Postcolonial Tourism will be of particular interest to students and scholars working in the fields of Asian studies, tourism, heritage, development, and cultural and postcolonial studies.

Comparing the major Pacific Rim cities of Sydney, Hong Kong and Shanghai, this book examines world city branding. Whilst all three cities compete on the world's stage for events, tourists and investment, they are also at the centre of distinct film traditions and their identities are thus strongly connected with a cinematic impression. Using an interdisciplinary approach, this book not only analyses the city branding of these cities from the more widely researched perspectives of tourism, marketing and regional development, but also draws in cultural studies and psychology approaches which offer fresh and useful insights to place branding and marketing in general. The authors compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative original data as well as critically analyzing current texts and debates on city branding. In conclusion, they argue that city branding should contribute not only to regional development and identity, but also to sustainable economic well-being and public happiness.

Consumptive forms of wildlife tourism (hunting, shooting and fishing) have become a topic of interest - both to the tourism industry, in terms of destinations seeking to establish or grow this sector, and to other stakeholders such as environmental organisations, animal-rights groups, and the general public. Hunting tourism, in particular, has come under fire with accusations that it is contributing to the demise of some species. Practices such as "canned hunting" (within fenced safari parks) or the use of hounds are described as unethical, and fishing tourism too has attracted recent negative publicity as it is said to be cruel. At the same time, however, many peripheral and indigenous communities around the world are strategising how to capitalise on consumptive forms of wildlife tourism. This book addresses a range of contentious issues facing the consumptive wildlife tourism sector across a number of destinations in Europe, North America, Africa, India, Arabia and Oceania. Practices such as baited bear hunting, trophy hunting of threatened species, and hunting for conservation are debated, along with the impact of this type of tourism on indigenous communities and on wider societies. Research on all aspects of "consumptive wildlife tourism" is included, which for the purposes of the book is defined to include all tourism that involves the intended killing of wildlife for sport purposes, and may include the harvest of wildlife products. This includes, among others, recreational hunting, big-game hunting and safari operations, traditional/indigenous hunting, game-bird shooting, hunting with hounds, freshwater angling and saltwater game fishing etc. This is the first book to specifically address tourist aspects of consumption of wildlife. It will appeal to tourism and recreation academics and students, tourism industry operators, community tourism planners and wildlife managers.

This book discusses the responsibility, or otherwise, of tourism activities in Latin America and the Caribbean. It considers issues such as the reduction of poverty through tourism and the conflict between increasing volumes of air travel spent in our continuing search for pleasure and the resulting contribution to global warming.

The authors believe that tourism can only be adequately assessed through a consideration of how it fits into the structure of power. It is also argued that tourism cannot be analyzed without a consideration of its impacts on and links with development. This relationship between tourism, responsibility, power and development is explored in chapters covering both the macro and the micro level of responsibility. The authors look at methods of practising tourism responsibly or irresponsibly at the personal, company, national and international levels. The questions and dilemmas of "placing" responsibility in the tourism industry are examined throughout.

Widely illustrating all these themes and issues with examples and case studies from throughout the sub-continent, this book will be of importance to students and academics and to the work of practitioners of development and tourism-related projects run by both governmental and non-governmental aid and development agencies.

This book discusses the responsibility, or otherwise, of tourism activities in Latin America and the Caribbean. It considers issues such as the reduction of poverty through tourism and the conflict between increasing volumes of air travel spent in our continuing search for pleasure and the resulting contribution to global warming. The authors believe that tourism can only be adequately assessed through a consideration of how it fits into the structure of power. It is also argued that tourism cannot be analyzed without a consideration of its impacts on and links with development. This relationship between tourism, responsibility, power and development is explored in chapters covering both the macro and the micro level of responsibility. The authors look at methods of practising tourism responsibly or irresponsibly at the personal, company, national and international levels. The questions and dilemmas of "placing" responsibility in the tourism industry are examined throughout. Widely illustrating all these themes and issues with examples and case studies from throughout the sub-continent, this book will be of importance to students and academics and to the work of practitioners of development and tourism-related projects run by both governmental and non-governmental aid and development agencies.

This book explores the relationship between tourism, culture and ethnic identity in Tibet in , focusing in particular on Shangrila, a Tibetan region in Southwest China, to show how local 'Tibetan culture' is reconstructed as a marketable commodity for tourists. It analyses the socio-economic effects of Shangrila tourism in Tibet, investigating who benefits economically, whilest also considering its political implications and the ways in which tourism might be linked to the negotiation and reassertion of ethnic identity. It goes on to examine the spatial re-imagining provoked by the development of tourism, and asks whether a tourist destination inevitably becomes a 'pseudo-community' for the visited. Can a fictitious name, invented for the sake of tourists, still provide the 'natives' of a place with a sense of identity? This book argues that conceptions of place are closely linked to notions of social identity, and in the case of Shangrila particularly to ethnic identity. Viewing the spatial as socially constructed, and place-making as vital to social organisation, this is a study of how place is constructed and contested. It describes how local villagers and monastic elites have negotiated the area's religious geography, how agents of the Communist state have redefined it as a minority area, and how tourism developers are now marketing the region as Shangrila for tourist consumption. It outlines the different 'place-making' strategies utilised by the various social actors, including local villagers to create the communities in which they live, monastic elites to invent a Buddhist Tibetan realm of 'religious geography', agents of the People's Republic of China to define the area as part of the communist state, and tourism developers to market the region as 'Shangrila' for tourist consumption. Overall, this book is an insightful account of the complex links between tourism, culture and Tibetanethnic identity in Tibet, and will be of interest to a wide range of disciplines including social anthropology, sociology, human geography, tourism and development studies.

Mega-events have long been used by cities as a strategy to secure global recognition and attract future economic investment. However, while cultural mega-events like the European Capital of Culture have become increasingly popular, cities have begun questioning the traditional model of other events such as the Olympic Games with many candidate cities cancelling bids in recent years. This approach to planning and developing cities through mega-events introduces a broad range of physical effects and nuanced institutional changes for cities, particularly for the more sensitive heritage areas of cities. This book explores these issues by first examining the dynamics of cities' attempts to reduce overall costs and increase the sustainability of these large events by further embedding them within the existing fabric of the city and second by studying in depth the impact on the heritage of host cities. This book investigates three World Heritage Cities: Genoa, Liverpool and Istanbul, each of which have hosted the European Capital of Culture and introduced a variety of opportunities and risks for their heritage. The book highlights the potential benefits and challenges of integrating event and heritage planning to provide lessons that can help future historic cities and heritage decision makers better prepare for such events.

This book presents a compelling new approach to the problem that has haunted twentieth century philosophy in both its analytical and continental shapes. No other book addresses as thoroughly the parallels between Wittgenstein and leading Continental philosophers such as Levinas, Husserl, and Heidegger.

Heritage is a prized cultural commodity in the marketing of tourism destinations. Particular aspects of heritage are often more actively promoted, with others played down. The representation of heritage in tourism as static and timeless, derived since time immemorial from a distant past, is seductive. In Asia, a major part of the tourism market lies in the sale and consumption of highly orientalized images and versions of culture and history. In India's marketing discourse, the state of Rajasthan symbolizes the nation in its heritage-laden, traditional and most authentic form. These images draw heavily on the British period in India - the Raj. In one sense, this vision of Rajasthan is ennobling, highlighting moments of cultural pride. In another sense, it demeans, by omitting and obscuring salient features of contemporary life. This fascinating book explores the cultural politics of tourism through interdisciplinary perspectives. Carol E. Henderson and Maxine Weisgrau demonstrate that tourism heritage privileges elite histories that recapitulate colonial relationships, compelling non-elites to collude in these narratives of subordination even as they advance their own alternative visions of history.

Written by leading academic and industry experts actively engaged in revenue management, research and teaching this is a new and original treatment of the whole field for students and professionals. The first part of the book provides academically rigorous challenging and contemporary material to get to the core of the subject and to make the theory and practice lively, relevant and engaging. Throughout this, and the second section, numerous references to past and present good practice are used- giving insight into best practice in cutting-edge companies leading the revenue management agenda in markets all over the world. The second part of the book is authored by a range of academics and practitioners all currently engaged in revenue management practice, balancing the theory with the best overview possible of best real world practice. Drawn from the widest possible range of sectors including hospitality, car rental, airlines, tour operators, restaurants and advertising it gives an unrivalled industry perspective. The book is designed for students at many levels in universities, business schools, schools of tourism and hospitality studying marketing, pricing, distribution, selling and commercial issues in the service industry. It will also be ideal for practitioners (consulting experts, revenue managers, pricing managers) studying part-time or on CPD programmes requiring a strong theoretical and practical orientation. It will be essential for those working in revenue management, reservations, operations and logistics and generic marketing.

Brazilian Mobilities presents an overview of the diversity of mobility studies developed in Brazil. It builds a picture of a strong Latin-American perspective emerging in the field of mobilities research, which provides unique insight into the complex dynamics of mobilities in the emerging countries from the Global South. Addressing such different areas as tourism, urbanization, media studies, social inequalities, marketing and mega-events, transport and technology, among others, the contributors use the new mobilities paradigm, or NMP (Sheller & Urry, 2006) as a starting point to reflect about the social changes experienced in the country and they also engage with newer literature on mobilities, including work done by Brazilian and Latin-American authors depending on the subject of each individual chapter. Illustrating to scholars the uniqueness and complexity of the Brazilian social-political and economic context, the book was organized in order to be a representative sample of the studies carried out in Brazil, as well as to contribute to other academic investigations on (im)mobilities and different social realities in emerging countries.

Creative Tourism and Sustainable Territories: Insights from Southern Europe examines the growth and development of this emerging and fast developing area of tourism practice, while assessing it's impacts on sustainability and regional development. Examples are drawn from across Southern Europe with analysis of Creative Tourism practices in Portugal, Italy, Spain, Greece, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, and Slovenia. Creative Tourism and Sustainable Territories features chapters from leading scholars that explore the definition and evolution of Creative Tourism, the roles played by urban and rural territories, the motivations and profiles of a creative tourist, best practices in Creative Tourism and contribution of festivals to Creative Tourism and territorial development providing an expansive study that will be of interest to researchers in Tourism Studies, Hospitality Studies, Sustainability, Economic Development and Cultural Industries, and Geography.

New approaches to tourism study demonstrate a notable 'critical turn' - a shift in thought that emphasises interpretative and critical modes of tourism inquiry. The chapters in this volume reflect this emerging critical school of tourism studies and represent a coordinated effort of tourism scholars whose work engages innovative research methodologies. Since such work has been dispersed across a variety of tourism-related and other research fields, this book responds to a pressing need to consolidate recent advances in a single text. Adopting a broad definition of 'criticality', the contributors seek to find 'fresh' ways of theorising tourism by locating the phenomenon in its wider political, economic, cultural and social contexts. The collection addresses the power relations underpinning the production of academic knowledge; presents a range of qualitative data collection methods which confront the field's dominant (post)positivist approaches; foregrounds the emotional dynamics of research relations and explores the personal, the political and the situated nature of research journeys.

The book has been divided into two parts, with the essays in the first part establishing a context-specific framework for engaging philosophical and theoretical debates in contemporary tourism enquiry. The second set of essays then present, discuss and critique specific methodologies, research techniques, methods of interpretation and writing strategies, all of which are in some sense illustrative of 'critical' tourism research. Contributors range from postgraduate students to established academics and are drawn from both the geopolitical margins and the 'powerbases' of the tourism academy. Theirvarious relationships with the English-speaking academy thus range from relative 'outsider' to well-positioned 'insider' and as a result, their essays are reflective of a range of locations within the complexly spun web of academic power relations and social divisions.
*Written and edited by leading researchers working in the wider field of tourism studies
*Content is international in scope
*Provides a cutting edge focus for those interested in tourism, particularly the management issues now facing decision-makers, policy analysts and the public sector

The Mekong River is a vital and valuable resource, with huge development potential for the six states through which it flows. Given the significant asymmetry of power between those states, however, there is a real risk that some might utilise it to the detriment of others. Without a sense of regional belonging, it is difficult to imagine that these states and their constituent communities will take regional imperatives to heart, participate in joint regulatory frameworks, or adopt behaviours for upstream-downstream and lateral cooperation over the appropriation and use of their shared resources. How effectively has closer interdependence of the Mekong countries accommodated the development of a political-social-cultural space conducive to the growth of a regional "we-ness" among not only political elites, but also the general public? The contributors to this volume approach this question from a range of directions, including the impacts of tourism, regional development programmes, the Mekong Power Grid, and Sino-US rivalry. This edited volume presents valuable insights for scholars of international relations, Asian studies, development studies, environment studies, policy studies, and human geography.

Front and Back Stage of Tourism Performance situates our travel imaginaries, those dream destinations on our travel bucket lists, as co-constructed by the tourist industry, state development policies, and community negotiations, and as framed by modernity's new global cultural economy. As more people travel for pleasure than ever before, host communities and intermediaries are presented with tourism opportunities that all too often become flashpoints for local contestation and mechanisms for displacement. The ethnographically-grounded chapters describe tourist encounters shaped by geopolitics, complicated by war, and troubled by and enacted within the economic inequities of neocolonialism. The points of contact afford a unique vantage from which to view cultural identity, entrepreneurial strategizing, and natural resource management as global politics and relations of difference. They also illustrate the power of social networks, cultural display, and artistic performance as collective presentation, management apparatus, and structural critique. Drawing on a range of international case studies, this book will appeal to those interested in tourism, anthropology, global studies, environmental issues, microeconomics, and identity studies.

This book introduces a new approach to the analysis and management of growth in small tourism markets for regional and rural locations. It recognizes from the outset that the vast bulk of the tourism industry's product is delivered by small business enterprises and that many of these are located outside of metropolitan areas. Its central premise is that a myriad of small-scale clusters can provide an effective means to establish a local competitive advantage in tourism activities based on the resources of existing communities. The book brings together contemporary views of the potential of clustering theory to promote development in micro-markets, within the paradigm of competition, to create a new framework for regional development that might serve to enhance the growth of small-scale tourism destinations.
Microclusters and Networks provides a theoretical explanation of how and why micro-clusters come about, with chapters by specialist authors to illustrate examples of their practice in the real world; but it goes further to demonstrate not only why they work but also how community members interact to form successful clusters. The incorporation of networking theory provides the means to explain the role of local community interaction in delivering successful social outcomes. The analysis that is provided clearly has applications for many industries beyond the development of rural and regional tourism destinations.
*Provides a theoretical explanation of how and why micro-clusters come about
*Brings together contemporary views of the potential of clustering theory to promote development in micro-markets
*Enhances the discussion of rural development policies for tourism bylocal communities, policy analysts and academic researchers

The Routledge Handbook of Tea Tourism provides comprehensive and cutting-edge insights into global tea tourism. With contributions from leading scholars and experts across 19 countries, it demonstrates the interdisciplinary nature and breadth of topics associated with global tea tourism. Tea is deeply connected to tourism through both travel and consumption. For host communities it provides an opportunity for diversification from the production and/or serving of tea while sharing cultural traditions and improving livelihoods. The Handbook is organised into five parts, with an introduction and epilogue, and the first part begins with an overview of historical and contemporary perspectives on the foundations of tea tourism. It digs into the roots of such tourism in China, the relationship of wild tea to indigenous tourism in Vietnam, heritage railways to tea tourism, and tea tourism in Africa. The second part examines sustainable tea tourism, with examples from Thailand, Turkey, Sri Lanka and India. The third part explores the management and marketing of tea tourism, highlighting tools and techniques for development and the impact of social media on the tea tourism experience. It draws on examples of tea tourism experience in diverse settings, such as the English tea room, a pearl milk tourism factory in Taiwan and a hot spring tea destination in Japan. The fourth part provides perspectives on innovation and practice in tea tourism, such as gastronomical tea tourism in Turkey, Japan and Thailand; tea cafes and community diversification in Japan; the role of GIAHS designation in tea tourism; and tea tour guiding in Iran. Finally, the fifth part provides insights on resilience in tea tourism, examining topics such as human-wildlife conflicts and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sector in both Asia and Europe. This Handbook provides a valuable resource for students and researchers, presenting a rich collection of theoretical and empirical insights, an agenda for future directions in the field and end-of-chapter discussion questions. It also serves as a useful tool for key stakeholders, aiming to increase interaction between academia and industry, encouraging the development of sustainable responsible tea tourism that benefits local communities on a global basis.

The People's Republic of China has changed from a country which actively discouraged tourism into one of the major source markets for the international industry; the 35 million Chinese travelling across the border in 2005 are merely the tip of the iceberg. China's Outbound Tourism is the first book on this major development and has been written using a multitude of sources from China and around the world. The topic is approached from many angles, using methods from the fields of economics, political sciences, sociology and cross-cultural studies. The book explains the economic and social background of the surge in tourism and the changes in policy in the country since 1949, when it moved from prevention through controlled development to encouragement of outbound travels. Throughout the book, facts and figures are given for the global development as well as in-depth information about China's key destinations. The growing importance of tourists from China is however not just a question of quantity; the text explains the features which distinguish their travel motivations and behaviours from 'western' and Japanese tourists, and the consequences for product adaptation and marketing methods for destinations interested in attracting and satisfying Chinese tourists. Arlt's groundbreaking book cannot be ignored by professionals, academics and students of tourism and leisure; it offers fresh insight into the topic and indicates some of the future lines of development in this area.

The historic phenomenon of pilgrimage is experiencing a resurgence around the world. A journey resulting from religious causes, it not only provides a spiritual experience, but also one of new environments, cultures and peoples, and is often undertaken as a guided tour. Yet pilgrimage as a mode of tourism has been little investigated. This book adds considerably to our knowledge by focusing on one specific pilgrimage voyage - that to the Holy Land during times of security crisis there. In doing so, it examines this tourism journey in relation to constraints and high levels of risk experienced by the pilgrims. It explores both the behavioural aspects of undertaking pilgrimage to such an insecure situation and the impacts of such crisis on the host tourism infrastructure and industry. It therefore not only provides insights into pilgrimage as tourism - and into this particular country's experience - but also offers an integrative approach to tourism crisis management.

Rapid growth in the tourism and hospitality industry highlights the importance of applied and pure research to address the theoretical and practical problems and gaps facing the industry daily, from a multitude of perspectives - the economic, social, cultural, environmental, political, and technological. Advanced Research Methods in Hospitality and Tourism reviews traditional research methods, revising them to suit the contemporary problems and research agendas. Developing recent research strategies under the umbrella of quantitative and qualitative research methods - such as the mixed-methods designs, analysing archival materials, online databases, text mining, and scientific qualitative analysis of social media historical data- can offer promising solutions. In the era of technology and big data, advanced and innovative research methods and conducting effective research to solve emerging problems in tourism and hospitality is critical, making Advanced Research Methods in Hospitality and Tourism a necessity for academics and practitioners.

Tourist visits used to be a less common activity in the past. However, more people than ever now make leisure trips, making this an era of mass tourism. This drastic change in spatial behaviour is not only caused by economic prosperity, but the scale of this phenomenon means that it is able to generate economic growth, making tourism a key factor in regional development policy. One of the main challenges of current regional policy is to market the attractiveness of an area, thereby increasing tourist visits and subsequent revenue. In particular, regions are attempting this through the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), which offer information on interesting places, and efficient methods for organizing and booking trips. This book examines the interconnections between tourism, ICT and regional development. Bringing together a range of European case studies illustrating various ICT and policy innovations, it not only critiques current activity by regions in terms of tourism development, but also considers how this sector is likely to continue to grow.

The tourism industry is arguably one of the most important sources of income and foreign exchange, and is growing rapidly. However, national and international crises have huge negative economic consequences.
Crisis Management in the Tourism Industry aims to illustrate the theories and actions that can be taken to better understand consumer, economic and environmental reaction, in order for the businesses involved to be more prepared for such events. Now in its second edition, this text has been fully revised and extended to include recent events such as Bali, SARS and international terrorism, expanding sections such as:
*Terrorism and criminal activities
*Risk perceptions and the influencing variables
*The stakeholder concepts
*Analysis methods- visibility of advantages/disadvantages of methods
*Marketing instruments and best practices
Written by one of the world's leading experts from the World Tourism Organisation, the book has global coverage, and presents international, up-to-date case studies and examples from countries such as the UK, Australia and USA.
The book provides discussion of:
*The influential effect of the mass media
How crises effect the purchase decision process
Destination branding/image and its manipulation
Preventative crises management and strategies
Crisis Management in the Tourism Industry is an essential guide to explaining how the tourism industry can prepare and succeed in the face of the effects of crises.
* Revised and updated to including recent events (especially Bali, SARS and international terrorism), new case studies and practical up-to-date information.
* Understanding effects of crises on thetourism industry and how businesses can prepare and succeed in these times
* Global coverage and perspective with cases and examples from the UK, Australia and USA.
* Written by one of the world's leading experts from the World Tourism Organisation

Anthropocene Ecologies brings political ecology and tourism studies to bear on the Anthropocene. Through a collective examination of political ecologies of the Anthropocene by leading scholars in anthropology, geography and tourism studies, the book addresses critical themes of gender, health, conservation, agriculture, climate change, disaster, coastal marine management and sustainability. Each chapter theoretically and empirically unravels entanglements of tourism, nature and imagination to expose the political-ecological drivers of the Anthropocene as a material and symbolic force and its deepening integration with tourism. Grounded in ethnographic and qualitative research, the volume is interdisciplinary in scope, yet linked in its shared focus on the political threat as well as the social potential of the Anthropocene and its imaginaries. This collection contributes to emerging scholarship on tourism, sustainability and global environmental change in the current geological epoch. Anthropocene Ecologies will be of great interest to political ecology focused scholars of tourism, socio-environmental change and the Anthropocene. The chapters were originally published as a special issue in the Journal of Sustainable Tourism.

This interdisciplinary book addresses the highly relevant debates about authenticity in North America, providing a contemporary re-examination of American culture, tourism and commodification of place. Blending social sciences and humanities research skills, it formulates an examination of the geography of authenticity in North America, and brings together studies of both rurality and urbanity across the country, exposing the many commonalities of these different landscapes. Relph stated that nostalgic places are inauthentic, yet within this work several chapters explore how festivals and visitor attractions, which cultivate place heritage appeal, are authenticated by tourists and communities, creating a shared sense of belonging. In a world of hyperreal simulacra, post-truth and fake news, this book bucks the trend by demonstrating that authenticity can be found everywhere: in a mouthful of food, in a few bars of a Beach Boys song, in a statue of a troll, in a diffuse magical atmosphere, in the weirdness of the ungentrified streets. Written by a range of leading experts, this book offers a contemporary view of American authenticity, tourism, identity and culture. It will be of great interest to upper-level students, researchers and academics in Tourism, Geography, History, Cultural Studies, American Studies and Film Studies.