Since its beginnings, tourism has inspired built environments that have suggested reinvented relationships with their original architectural inspirations. Copies, reinterpretations, and simulacra still constitute some of the most familiar and popular tourist attractions in the world. Some reinterpret archetypes such as the ancient palace, the Renaissance villa, or the Mediterranean village. Others duplicate the cities in which we lived in the past or we still live today. And others realise perceptions of utopias such as Shangri-La, Eden, or Paradise. Replicas - duplitecture - and simulacra can have symbolic meaning for tourists, as merely inspiring an atmosphere or as truly authentic, and their relationship to original functions, for worship, accommodation, leisure, or shopping. Tourism and Architectural Simulacra questions and rethinks the different environments constructed or adapted both for and by tourism exploring the relationship between the architectural inspiration and its reproduction within the tourist bubble. The wide range of geographical areas, eras, and subjects in this book show that the expositions of simulacra and hyper reality by Baudrillard, Deleuze, and Eco are surpassed by our complex world. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach they offer original insights of the complex relationship between tourism and architecture. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change.

Stakeholders Management and Ecotourism looks at the thematic area of stakeholder management within the concept of ecotourism. It reviews the paradoxes that exist within the stakeholder relationships, ranging from building community resilience, collaboration aspects, measurement grids, product development, governance matters and managing conflict. It highlights, through its chapters, the diversity of issues as well as their possible solutions. This book will be of interest to students, practitioners as well as to faculty that do research in these areas. The collection of chapters in this book can be used to give a theoretical underpinning to stakeholder management within ecotourism and provide a global applied perspective through the use of the case studies from an intellectual group of academics and practitioners. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Ecotourism.

Co-creation is fast becoming a buzz word in tourism. Traditional approaches to value creation in tourism suggest that operators and suppliers produce goods and services which are consumed by tourists. The value produced is usually measured in economic terms. Co-creation challenges these assumptions, arguing that tourism producers and consumers co-create value together and that this value is more diverse than just economic value. Technologies underpinning social media, ratings and review tools and e-commerce are facilitating the creation of diverse values, and have been responsible for driving innovation in, for example, new business models such as the collaborative economy. Social, environmental, emotional, reputational and other kinds of value may also be produced, and a wide range of stakeholders, not just producers or consumers, might also benefit from the value co-creation process. This edited volume seeks to go beyond the dominant business/management/marketing perspectives that focus on the co-creation of market value and innovation, to excavate complex and critical episodes of co-creation in tourism. By engaging authors from both the academy and beyond, it explores the rich historical linage of co-creation and its contemporary practices. The chapters in this book were originally published in Tourism Recreation Research.

In light of its upcoming centenary in 2016, the time seems ripe to ask: why, how and in what ways has memory of Ireland's 1916 Rising persisted over the decades? In pursuing answers to these questions, which are not only of historical concern, but of contemporary political and cultural importance, this book breaks new ground by offering a wide-ranging exploration of the making and remembrance of the story of 1916 in modern times. It draws together the interlocking dimensions of history-making, commemoration and heritage to reveal the Rising's undeniable influence upon modern Ireland's evolution, both instantaneous and long-term. In addition to furnishing a history of the tumultuous events of Easter 1916, which rattled the British Empire's foundations and enthused independence movements elsewhere, Ireland's 1916 Rising mainly concentrates on illuminating the evolving relationship between the Irish past and present. In doing so, it unearths the far-reaching political impacts and deep-seated cultural legacies of the actions taken by the rebels, as evidenced by the most pivotal episodes in the Rising's commemoration and the myriad varieties of heritage associated with its memory. This volume also presents a wider perspective on the ways in which conceptualisations of heritage, culture and identity in Westernised societies are shaped by continuities and changes in politics, society and economy. In a topical conclusion, the book examines the legacy of Queen Elizabeth II's visit to the Garden of Remembrance in 2011, and looks to the Rising's 100th anniversary by identifying the common ground that can be found in pluralist and reconciliatory approaches to remembrance.

At a time of increasing city competition, national capitals are at the forefront of efforts to gain competitive advantage for themselves and their nation, to project a distinctive and positive image and to score well in global city league tables. They are frequently their country's main tourist gateway, and their success in attracting visitors is inextricably linked with that of the nation. They attract not just leisure visitors; they are especially important in other growing tourism markets, for example, as centres of power they feature strongly in business tourism, as academic centres they are important for educational tourism, and they frequently host global events such as the Olympic Games. And there are more of them: first, the number of capitals has grown as the number of nation-states has increased and, secondly, pressures for devolution mean more cities are seeking national capital status, even when they are not at the head of independent states. We need to understand tourism in capitals better - but there has been little research in the past. This book develops new insights as it explores the phenomenon of capital city tourism, and uses recent research to examine the appeal of 'capitalness' to tourists, and explore developments in capitals across the world. This book was published as a special issue of Current Issues in Tourism.

What happens to traditional conceptions of heritage in the era of fluid media spaces? 'Heritage' usually involves intergenerational transmission of ideas, customs, ancestral lands, and artefacts, and so serves to reproduce national communities over time. However, media industries have the power to transform national lands and histories into generic landscapes and ideas through digital reproductions or modifications, prompting renegotiations of belonging in new ways. Contemporary media allow digital environments to function as transnational classrooms, creating virtual spaces of debate for people with access to televised, cinematic and Internet ideas and networks. This book examines a range of popular cinematic interventions that are reshaping national and global heritage, across Europe, Asia, the Americas and Australasia. It examines collaborative or adversarial articulations of such enterprise (by artists, directors, producers but also local, national and transnational communities) that blend activism with commodification, presenting new cultural industries as fluid but significant agents in the production of new public spheres. Heritage in the Digital Era will appeal to students and scholars of sociology, film studies, tourist studies, globalization theory, social theory, social movements, human/cultural geography, and cultural studies.

Marketing in the tourism and hospitality industry has transformed with the development of digital marketing tools and the evolution of social culture. Recently, the advent of new technologies such as smartphones, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, robots, and new GIS systems has created more possibilities for marketing innovations. Advancements in information technology are leading to changes in business processes, service standards, and management mindsets. Meanwhile, consumers are also adapting to the new marketing paradigm. Researchers are interested in studying this newly-emerging and unpredictable business environment, customer decision making, new management tactics, and business analytic strategies. Future of Tourism Marketing aims to assess the role of modern technologies in marketing tourism destinations and their effects on potential visitors. This book will provide an update on research into the new marketing paradigm that is developing as a result of new technologies in a post-modern era. The chapters in this book were originally published in Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing.

Nature has been a key attraction factor for tourism in the Nordic countries for decades. The demand for nature-based tourism has steadily grown and is one of the most rapidly expanding sectors within tourism across Europe and elsewhere. This demand has created opportunities for nature-based tourism to develop as an economic diversification tool within regions rich in natural amenities. But nature-based tourism is not only about tourism businesses and tourists visiting nature. The natural environment as a basis for tourism involves many challenges related to local communities, public access, nature protection and the management of natural resources. This book covers a broad set of topics in contemporary nature-based tourism from Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Areas discussed are innovation, fishing rights and supply of angling, recreation experience preferences, national park attractions, the cultural clash between established outdoor recreational use and new tourism activities, the Right of Public Access as opportunity and obstacle, preferences of tourism landscapes, controversies around wilderness development, management of hiking trails, eco-tourism certification, and financing of recreational infrastructure. This book was published as a special issue of the Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism.

The complex relationship between heritage places and people, in the broadest sense, can be considered dialogic, a communicative act that has implications for both sides of the 'conversation'. This is the starting point for Heritage and Tourism . However, the 'dialogue' between visitors and heritage sites is complex. 'Visitors' have, for many decades, become synonymous with 'tourists' and the tourism industry and so the dialogic relationship between heritage place and tourists has produced a powerful critique of this often contested relationship. Further, at the heart of the dialogic relationship between heritage places and people is the individual experience of heritage where generalities give way to particularities of geography, place and culture, where anxieties about the past and the future mark heritage places as sites of contestation, sites of silences, sites rendered political and ideological, sites powerfully intertwined with representation, sites of the imaginary and the imagined. Under the aegis of the term 'dialogues' the heritage/tourism interaction is reconsidered in ways that encourage reflection about the various communicative acts between heritage places and their visitors and the ways these are currently theorized, so as to either step beyond - where possible - the ontological distinctions between heritage places and tourists or to re-imagine the dialogue or both. Heritage and Tourism is thus an important contribution to understanding the complex relationship between heritage and tourism.

* Coverage: Evaluates the impact of tourism at the macroeconomic as well as the micro level in relation to existing and emerging destinations. * Focus: This book concentrates on destinations and regional tourism development rather than tourism industry as whole like other books available. * Case Studies: Integrates case studies from a range of regions to showcase theory in practice in a range of both developed and developing tourism destinations.

Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in India, contributing enormously to the Indian economy. Indian civilization and culture have followed the tradition of Atithi Devo Bhava (treating Guest as God) from time immemorial. Tourism in India is fairly rich and diverse in terms of its attractions and resources nevertheless the body of knowledge of tourism as a discipline is relatively unexplored in terms of scholarly research. The tourism industry in India has not been able to perform to its most impeccable potential due to several obstructions. Lack of efficient marketing and positioning of its tourism resources in the global market is one of the prominent causes of this. The Indian tourism industry cannot achieve the desired growth and impetus unless it is backed by intense promotional and marketing strategies abreast of the global business arena. In this volume, an effort has been made to uncover a deeper understanding of marketing perspectives of tourism in India using an interdisciplinary approach. The chapters in this book reflect the prevailing scenario in the hospitality and tourism business in India as posited by renowned global experts on this subject. The book is an essential resource to students, researchers, and scholars interested in examining the existing marketing strategies as well as exploring the suggested strategies that can be adopted to promote tourism in India. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Anatolia.

Touring Poverty addresses a highly controversial practice: the transformation of impoverished neighbourhoods into valued attractions for international tourists. In the megacities of the Global South, selected and idealized aspects of poverty are being turned into a tourist commodity for consumption.

The book takes the reader on a journey through Rocinha, a neighbourhood in Rio de Janeiro which is advertised as "the largest favela in Latin America." Bianca Freire-Medeiros presents interviews with tour operators, guides, tourists and dwellers to explore the vital questions raised by this kind of tourism. How and why do diverse social actors and institutions orchestrate, perform and consume touristic poverty? In the context of globalization and neoliberalism, what are the politics of selling and buying the social experience of cities, cultures and peoples?

With a full and sensitive exploration of the ethical debates surrounding the 'sale of emotions' elicited by the first-hand contemplation of poverty, Touring Poverty is an innovative book that provokes the reader to think about the role played by tourism - and our role as tourists - within a context of growing poverty. It will be of interest to students of sociology, anthropology, ethnography and methodology, urban studies, tourism studies, mobility studies, development studies, politics and international relations.

This comprehensive volume includes new contributions in research by Ibero-American specialists in tourism analysis. The chapters deal with outstanding areas of interest at the level of tourism research, both from the professional and academic perspectives in the Ibero-American region. The content spreads along a number of varied topics like the urban destination planning from an architectural point of view, the creation of new magic villages in Mexico, the management of natural and wildlife areas, and a new focus on the blue growth strategy from a circular economys perspective. There are chapters that provide new insights on cruise passengers profiling and discuss new methodologies to compute the impact of this type of vacational travelling for the territories involved. The book also examines the new areas of tourism in the market, like wine tourism and border medical tourism in Mexico. Tourism Research in Ibero-America: Urban Destinations, Sustainable Approaches and New Products postulates new perspectives in the study of the Trans-Atlantic's shared interest for the tourism and hospitality activities, with fresh and up-to date methodologies. It analyses the current situation of the tourism sector for the whole Ibero-American world, including The Americas, Spain, and Portugal and will be of great interest to a wide audience. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Anatolia.

Contents:
Part I - Trends in Caribbean Tourism 1. Trends and circumstances in Caribbean tourism David Timothy Duval 2. Natural hedonism: the invention of Caribbean islands as tropical playgrounds Mimi Sheller 3. Global perspectives of Caribbean tourism Jerome L. McElroy Part II - Tourism Development in the Caribbean 4. Tourism development in the Caribbean: meaning and influences David Timothy Duval and Paul F. Wilkinson 5. Caribbean tourism policy and planning Paul F. Wilkinson 6. Institutional arrangements for tourism in small twin-island states of the Caribbean Leslie-Ann Jordan 7. Tourism and supranationalism in the Caribbean Dallen J. Timothy 8. Historic sites, material culture and tourism in the Caribbean islands William C. Found 9. Global currents: cruise ships in the Caribbean sea Robert E. Wood 10. Manifestations of ecotourism in the Caribbean David B. Weaver 11. Tourism, environmental conservation and management and local agriculture in the Eastern Caribbean: is there an appropriate, sustainable future for them? Dennis Conway 12. Community participation in Caribbean tourism: problems and prospects Simon Milne and Gordon Ewing 13. Tourism businesses in the Caribbean: operating realities K. Michael Haywood and Chandana Jayawardena 14. What makes a resort complex? Reflections on the production of tourism space in a Caribbean resort complex Tim Coles 15. Hucksters and homemakers: gender responses to opportunities in the tourism market in Carriacou, Grenada Beth Mills Part III - Future Prospects 16. Postcolonial markets: new geographic spaces for tourism Janet Henshall Momsen 17. Future prospects for tourism in the Caribbean David Timothy Duval

This is the first textbook designed to teach statistics to students in aviation courses. All examples and exercises are grounded in an aviation context, including flight instruction, air traffic control, airport management, and human factors. Structured in six parts, theiscovers the key foundational topics relative to descriptive and inferential statistics, including hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, z and t tests, correlation, regression, ANOVA, and chi-square. In addition, this book promotes both procedural knowledge and conceptual understanding. Detailed, guided examples are presented from the perspective of conducting a research study. Each analysis technique is clearly explained, enabling readers to understand, carry out, and report results correctly. Students are further supported by a range of pedagogical features in each chapter, including objectives, a summary, and a vocabulary check. Digital supplements comprise downloadable data sets and short video lectures explaining key concepts. Instructors also have access to PPT slides and an instructor’s manual that consists of a test bank with multiple choice exams, exercises with data sets, and solutions. This is the ideal statistics textbook for aviation courses globally, especially in aviation statistics, research methods in aviation, human factors, and related areas.

For many in the West, Romania is synonymous with Count Dracula. Since the publication of Bram Stoker's famous novel in 1897 Transylvania (and by extension, Romania) has become inseparable in the Western imagination with Dracula, vampires and the supernatural. Moreover, since the late 1960s Western tourists have travelled to Transylvania on their own searches for the literary and supernatural roots of the Dracula myth. Such 'Dracula tourism' presents Romania with a dilemma. On one hand, Dracula is Romania's unique selling point and has considerable potential to be exploited for economic gain. On the other hand, the whole notion of vampires and the supernatural is starkly at odds with Romania's self-image as a modern, developed, European state. This book examines the way that Romania has negotiated Dracula tourism over the past four decades. During the communist period (up to 1989) the Romanian state did almost nothing to encourage such tourism but reluctantly tolerated it. However, some discrete local initiatives were developed to cater for Dracula enthusiasts that operated at the margins of legality in a communist state. In the post-communist period (after 1989) any attempt to censor Dracula has disappeared and the private sector in Romania has been swift to exploit the commercial possibilities of the Count. However, the Romanian state remains ambivalent about Dracula and continues to be reluctant to encourage or promote Dracula tourism. As such Romania's dilemma with Dracula remains unresolved.

Brittany offers an excellent example of a French region that once attracted a certain cultivated elite of travel connoisseurs but in which more popular tourism developed relatively early in the twentieth century. It is therefore a strategic choice as a case study of some of the processes associated with the emergence of mass tourism, and the effects of this kind of tourism development on local populations. Efforts to package Breton cultural difference in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries marked a significant advance in heritage tourism, and a departure from what is commonly perceived to be a French intolerance of cultural diversity within its borders. This study explores the means by which key actors - middle class associations, businesses, governmental bodies, cultural intermediaries - pursued tourist development in the region and the effect this had on Breton cultural identification. Chapters are arranged thematically and consider the rise of rural tourism in France and the preservation, display, and enactment of Breton culture in its most visible locations: the natural landscape of Brittany, Breton dress, early heritage festivals and religious Pardons. The final chapter explores the staging of Breton culture at the Paris World's Fair of 1937 and the roots of state-sponsored mass tourism. Beyond those interested in the history of French tourism, this study will also be invaluable to historians and social scientists concerned with understanding the dynamics involved in the emergence of mass tourism, its causes and consequences in particular locales in the present as well as in the past.

The Constructed Past presents group of powerful images of the past, termed in the book construction sites. At these sites, full scale, three-dimensional images of the past have been created for a variety of reasons including archaeological experimentation, tourism and education. Using various case studies, the contributors frankly discuss the aims, problems and mistakes experienced with reconstruction. They encourage the need for on-going experimentation and examine the various uses of the sites; political, economical and educational.

Cutting Edge Research Methods in Hospitality and Tourism sits at the forefront of fast-paced developments in the tourism and hospitality industry, highlighting the importance of applied and pure research to address the theoretical and practical problems and gaps. Approaching from different perspectives including economic, social, cultural, environmental, political, and technological, this edited collection reviews traditional research methods and re-assesses them to suit contemporary problems and research agendas. Developing recent research strategies under the umbrella of quantitative and qualitative research methods - such as the use of structural equation modeling analysis, applied econometric research, network theory and social network analysis, using tracking mobility and planning exercises, fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis, necessary condition analysis, and netnography approaches - can offer promising solutions. A necessity for academics and practitioners in the tourism and hospitality sector, Cutting Edge Research Methods in Hospitality and Tourism expands existing knowledge, generating innovative research.

The papers presented in this work cover themes such as sustainable tourism; ICT and tourism; marine tourism; tourism and education; tourism, economics, and finance; tourism marketing; recreation and sport tourism; halal & sharia tourism; culture and indigenous tourism; destination management; tourism gastronomy; politic, social, and humanities in tourism; heritage tourism; medical & health tourism; film induced tourism; community based tourism; tourism planning and policy; meeting, incentive, convention, and exhibition; supply chain management; hospitality management; restaurant management and operation; safety and crisis management; corporate social responsibility (CSR); tourism geography; disruptive innovation in tourism; infrastructure and transportation in tourism development; urban and rural tourism planning and development; community resilience and social capital in tourism. The 4th ISOT 2020 aimed at (1) bringing together scientists, researchers, practitioners, professionals, and students in a scientific forum and (2) having discussions on theoretical and practical knowledge about current issues in tourism. The keynote speakers contributing to this conference are those with expertise in tourism, either in an academic or industrial context.

Ecotourism Development in Costa Rica: The Search for Oro Verde, by Andrew P. Miller, examines the use of ecotourism as a development strategy in Costa Rica and its applicability to other Central American states. Ecotourism provides an important environmental check on industry, giving the environment a voice by making its preservation an economic necessity due to the number of people who derive their income from it. The move away from agriculture to ecotourism is a natural fit because many of those who are engaged in agriculture have extensive knowledge of plants and animals that can be utilized by the ecotourism industry. The use of ecotourism as a development strategy is distinctive. For ecotourism to succeed, it must preserve the natural environment, but it must do so in a way that does not preclude growth in other sectors of the economy. Miller shows how the successful pursuit of foreign direct investment coupled with Costa Rica's immense biodiversity and its attractiveness to tourists is key to understanding the success of the Costa Rican economy. Many of the preferences that ecotourists have for a vacation destination also help create an amenable atmosphere for business. These factors include: political and social stability, high quality of life, low levels of corruption, economic freedom, high levels of education, and a suitable infrastructure. The most important part of this research is its development of strategies based upon the Costa Rican model that would be useful for other states in the region. When looking at whether states can replicate the development strategy of Costa Rica, environmental sustainability is an important concern. Ecotourism Development in Costa Rica is an essential text for students and scholars interested in Latin American politics and history, development studies, and environmental sustainability.

What happens when tourists scream with fear, shout with anger and frustration, weep with joy and delight, or even faint in the face of revealed beauty? How can certain sites affect some tourists so deeply that they require hospitalisation and psychiatric treatment? What are the inner contours of tourist experience and how does it relate to specific emotional cultures? What are the consequences of the emotional cultures of tourists upon destinations? How are differences in emotional culture mobilized and played out in the transnational contact zones of international tourism? While many books have engaged with the structural frames of tourist practice and experience, this is the first to deal with the emotional dimensions of tourism, travel and contact and the ways in which they can transform tourists, destinations and travel cultures through emotional engagements. The book brings together an international array of scholars from anthropology, psychiatry, history, cultural geography and critical tourism studies to explore how the movement to, and through, the realms of exotic people, wild natures, subliminal art, spirit worlds, metropolitan cities and sexualised 'others' variably provoke emotions, peak experiences, travel syndromes and inner dialogues. The authors show how tourism challenges us to engage with concepts of self, other, time, nature, sex, the body and death. Through a set of ethnographic and historic cases, they demonstrate that such engagements usually have little to do with the actual destination but rather, are deeply anchored in personal memories, repressed fears and desires, and the collective imaginaries of our societies.

This book investigates and considers the urgent political, social, and economic challenges that confront society and tourism. It attempts to look at what is threatening society, and makes suggestions on what the impact will be and how tourism will be changed to integrate with the new socio-economics of a newly emerging society with its novel peculiar challenges and opportunities in a post-energy era.

The book draws on the views of leading thinkers in tourism and considers a broad range of issues from multidisciplinary perspectives facing the tourism industry for the first time in one volume: dwindling energy, new technology, security (like war and terrorism), political economy, sustainability, and human resources. By critically reviewing these social and economic challenges in a global scale, the book helps to create a comprehensive view of future tourism in the unfolding and challenging society of the third millennium.

This innovative and significant volume will be valuable reading for all current and future tourism professionals.

This work explores the increasingly popular phenomenon of volunteer tourism in the Global South, paying particular attention to the governmental rationalities and socio-economic conditions that valorise it as a noble and necessary cultural practice.

Combining theoretical research with primary data gathered during volunteering programs in Guatemala and Ghana, the author argues that although volunteer tourism may not trigger social change, provide meaningful encounters with difference, or offer professional expertise, as the brochure discourse and the scholarly literature on tourism and hospitality often promises, the formula remains a useful strategy for producing the subjects and social relations neoliberalism requires. Vrasti suggests that the value of volunteer tourism should not to be assessed in terms of the goods and services it delivers to the global poor, but in terms of how well the practice disseminates entrepreneurial styles of feeling and action. Analysing the key effects of volunteer tourism, it is demonstrated that far from being a selfless and history-less rescue act, volunteer tourism is in fact a strategy of power that extends economic rationality, particularly its emphasis on entrepreneurship and competition, to the realm of political subjectivity.

Volunteer Tourism in the Global South provides a unique and innovative analysis of the relationship between the political and personal dimensions of volunteer tourism and will be of great interest to scholars and students of international relations, cultural geography, tourism, and development studies.

Tourism has an essential role in terms of contributing to the financial sustainability of protected areas. In addition, through effective and efficient benefit-sharing, tourism can positively impact numerous stakeholders within and beyond the protected area. Living on the Edge: Benefit-Sharing from Protected Area Tourism highlights the complexity of benefit-sharing, the importance of identifying all relevant stakeholders, the challenges of ensuring equity and sustainability, and the critical importance of good governance. The evolution of benefit-sharing mechanisms over time also emphasizes a continuing need to evolve and adapt to each unique situation as much evidence indicates that little has changed for those living on the edge. Although this book focuses on benefit-sharing from protected area tourism, it is essential to acknowledge that along with these benefits are costs associated with tourism, including possible increased local prices, loss of access to land, human-wildlife conflict, and other related costs. The contributing authors agree that benefit-sharing must include good governance, accountability, equity, transparency, a broad reach of stakeholder engagement, and a robust combination of tangible and intangible benefits - with recognition that benefit-sharing systems need to be adaptive and evolve, as needed, according to the relevant situation. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Sustainable Tourism.