China is forecast to be the primary tourist destination and tourist-generating country by 2020. However, much of the writing on tourism in China has come from people within the English academic world who are not involved in the issues related to Chinese tourism development. This book provides a voice to Chinese mainland academic researchers and examines the nature of tourism research and tourism development in China. Contributors, many of whom are based in China and are immersed in the daily issues of teaching, researching and planning tourism development within China, discuss issues related to resource use, destination image and community participation with case studies that combine conceptual frameworks and practical issues. This authoritative text on tourism in China will be of interest to scholars and students of tourism throughout the world.

Spa resorts were a favoured destination for affluent seekers after health and comfortable leisure in opulent surroundings from the seventeenth to the twentieth century, although in the railway age they began to suffer from competition from new fashions in leisure and tourism, especially the seaside holiday. During their heyday the leading spa resorts became hotbeds of political and diplomatic intrigue, and gathering-points for high society. As such, they also became important businesses, and distinctive, carefully-managed urban environments. 'Taking the waters' at a mineral springs resort fell into eclipse over much of the Western world in the mid-twentieth century, only to revive in more diffuse guise as 'health and wellness tourism' in the new millennium. This book examines an important body of practices and experiences from the perspectives of health, pleasure, conspicuous consumption and display, urban governance, culture and politics across a quarter of a millennium, drawing its examples not only from the British Isles, France, Spain and Central Europe, but also from the United States and Australia. An international team of distinguished historians puts this neglected theme back on the historical map, at a time when spas and their treatments have never been so popular and visible in contemporary society. This book was published as a special issue of the Journal of Tourism History.

This volume offers new insight into an important and largely under-examined area of marine leisure and tourism: scuba diving tourism. Knowledge of scuba diving has long been hidden among broad discussions of water-based sports and activities and this focused book aims to shed further understanding and knowledge on this popular international activity. The book examines the current issues central to research into and management of scuba diving Tourism from multidisciplinary perspectives such as health and safety, climate change, policy and regulation and the recreation/leisure context. It further reveals critical management issues of economic, environmental and socio-cultural impacts related to scuba diving tourism which extends to the influence of climate change on the industry's operations and future. This significant volume which conceptualizes the issues surrounding scuba diving tourism now and in the future is written by leading experts in this field and will be valuable reading for all those interested in marine leisure and tourism.

Transport allows tourists to move from their origins to their destinations and within destinations. The increase in tourism, and in connected mobility, has raised sustainability issues in terms of ecological protection and the economic efficiency of competing destinations. This book examines the links between transport, tourism, and sustainability by means of a series of large case studies covering several countries. Themes, frameworks and proposed policies are discussed throughout the book. The concluding chapter of the book takes an explicitly comparative approach and highlights the new contributions that emerge from the case study chapters for both scholars and practitioners. The Transport and Sustainability series addresses the important nexus between transport and sustainability. It contains volumes dealing with a wide range of issues relating to transport, its impact in economic, social and environmental spheres, and its interaction with other policy sectors. Editors and authors take a wide range of approaches - some volumes are general and some specific in nature, and analyses are advanced from a host of different disciplinary backgrounds and perspectives - but the defining feature is that each contribution is grounded in a firm appreciation of how its contents relate to the broader imperatives associated with transport and sustainability.

Smart cities are cities which use different types of electronic methods and sensors to collect data. The gathered information and data is then used to manage assets, resources and services efficiently to improve the operations across the city. This book provides a new insight for the current issues and opportunities in smart cities and related concepts in the next generation of urban evolution. The smart cities of tomorrow engage locals, visitors, governments and businesses in the intelligent, collaborative and connected ecosystem. To this end, the goal of this book is to provide better understanding of city services but also enhancing and evaluating the local and visitor experience and city decision-making processes by creating livable environments and business solutions. With international contributions from well-respected and international academics, it brings state-of-art knowledge on marketing management (and related areas e.g., urban studies) from a new modern perspective within the smart cities. Via academic research and international case studies, it discusses issues such as: * Smart tourists in smart cities * The evolution of the smart city * Smart trends in the tourism and hospitality industry * Smart sports in smart cities * Creating a smart tourist destinations * What does it mean for the locals - the smart city as a proposal to improve the quality of life of residents

Tourism in the Mediterranean Sea: An Italian Perspective is the product of a collaborative group of experts in the field of tourism. Academics, whose research focuses on regional tourism system governance, alongside several experts from the tourism sector, contributed to the volume with distinct issues related to the tourism industry. The growth of the Mediterranean Seas tourism system relates to the issue of tourist destination, brand protection, and public communication. The purpose of this book is to define a method of governance to improve regional and territorial tourism policies and to redesign tourist supply of the tourist destination with the goal of social and economic growth of the Mediterranean area. Tourism is rebuilding a vision associated with paths, visits to villages, heritage, tradition, and typical food and wine. Moreover, travellers will also tend to choose the tourist destinations that offer health guarantees. This book, with an innovative and cross-disciplinary approach, is well suited to public decision-makers, university students, and sector experts to build a model of tourism that is able to understand the new opportunities that come from national and international markets in the Mediterranean area.

The Routledge Handbook of Cultural Tourism explores and critically evaluates the debates and controversies in this field of Tourism. It brings together leading specialists from a range of disciplinary backgrounds and geographical regions, to provide state-of-the-art theoretical reflection and empirical research on this significant stream of tourism and its future direction. The book is divided into 7 inter-related sections. Section 1 looks at the historical, philosophical and theoretical framework for cultural tourism. This section debates tourist autonomy role play, authenticity, imaginaries, cross-cultural issues and inter-disciplinarity Section 2 analyses the role that politics takes in cultural tourism. This section also looks at ways in which cultural tourism is used as a policy instrument for economic development. Section 3 focuses on social patterns and trends, such as the mobilities paradigm, performativity, reflexivity and traditional hospitality, as well as considering sensitive social issues such as dark tourism. Section 4 analyses community and development, exploring adaptive forms of cultural tourism, as well as more sustainble models for indigenous tourism development. Section 5 discusses Landscapes and Destinations, including the transformation of space into place, issues of authenticity in landscape, the transformation of urban and rural landscapes into tourism products and conservation versus development dilemmas. Section 6 refers to Regeneration and Planning, especially the creative turn in cultural tourism, which can be used to avoid problems of serial reproduction, standardisation and homogenisation. Section 7 deals with The Tourist and Visitor Experience, emphasising the desire of tourists to be more actively and interactively engaged in cultural tourism. This significant volume offers the reader a comprehensive synthesis of this field, conveying the latest thinking and research. The text is international in focus, encouraging dialogue across disciplinary boundaries and areas of study and will be an invaluable resource for all those with an interest in Cultural Tourism. This is essential reading for students, researchers and academics of Tourism as well as those of related studies in particular Cultural Studies, Leisure, Geography, Sociology, Politics and Economics.

Nature-based Tourism and Conservation unearths new or neglected principles relevant to tourism and recreational economics, environmental valuation and economic theory. Its three parts have chapters on nature-based tourism and its relationships to conservation including case studies dealing with the consequences of World Heritage listing of natural sites, Antarctic, subtropical and tropical national park-based tourism and an NGO's conservation efforts modeled on ecotourism. The final part focuses on tourism utilizing particular wildlife, including sea turtles, whales, penguins, royal albatross, glow-worms and tree kangaroos.

Written in 1989 when the modern tourist industry had reached a crucial stage in its development, when increased mobility and affluence had led to more extensive and extravagant travel, and competition within the industry had intensified, this book is comprehensive examination of tourism development. The author provides a new perspective for its evaluation, and a suggested strategy for its continued development and evolution. He examines tourism from the viewpoint of destination areas and their aspirations, and recommends an ecological, community approach to developing and planning - one which encourages local initiative, local benefits, and a tourism product in harmony with the local environment and its people.

The complex relationship between heritage places and people, in the broadest sense, can be considered dialogic, a communicative act that has implications for both sides of the 'conversation'. This is the starting point for Heritage and Tourism . However, the 'dialogue' between visitors and heritage sites is complex. 'Visitors' have, for many decades, become synonymous with 'tourists' and the tourism industry and so the dialogic relationship between heritage place and tourists has produced a powerful critique of this often contested relationship. Further, at the heart of the dialogic relationship between heritage places and people is the individual experience of heritage where generalities give way to particularities of geography, place and culture, where anxieties about the past and the future mark heritage places as sites of contestation, sites of silences, sites rendered political and ideological, sites powerfully intertwined with representation, sites of the imaginary and the imagined. Under the aegis of the term 'dialogues' the heritage/tourism interaction is reconsidered in ways that encourage reflection about the various communicative acts between heritage places and their visitors and the ways these are currently theorized, so as to either step beyond - where possible - the ontological distinctions between heritage places and tourists or to re-imagine the dialogue or both. Heritage and Tourism is thus an important contribution to understanding the complex relationship between heritage and tourism.

Social tourism refers to facilitating access to tourism for low income groups and/or the use of tourism as a regeneration and economic stimulation strategy. Although social tourism has its roots in the early 20th Century and is still a major component of the tourism sector in a range of countries, the concept has received relatively little research attention until recently. In this volume, international specialists on social tourism present perspectives on social tourism from different disciplines and geographical contexts. The book highlights the multitude of interpretations and implementations of social tourism that make the concept so multi-faceted: examples reviewed in this book include holiday vouchers in Hungary, charity initiatives in the UK, tourism schemes for senior citizens in Spain and state provision in Brazil. Seven themed chapters and two case studies explore the potential of social tourism from a range of perspectives. Should tourism be a right that is available to all? Is social tourism indispensable in a sustainable tourism strategy? What are the different systems of social tourism supply and demand in Europe, and why do the implementations differ so much between countries? The book provides a critical reflection on these and other questions, and is therefore a key resource for social tourism researchers and practitioners. This book was originally published as a special issue of Current Issues in Tourism.

A useful introduction to the critical study of tourism, this brief text applies semiotics and cultural theory to deal with some of our most iconic global destinations. It offers accessible analyses of 18 famous tourist locations from the Taj Mahal to Red Square, and from the Eiffel Tower to Antarctica. Written in Berger's friendly style, it allows students to critically examine the political, cultural and economic significance these locales and understand their importance to tourism. Study questions add more pedagogical value to the highly readable text.

A useful introduction to the critical study of tourism, this brief text applies semiotics and cultural theory to deal with some of our most iconic global destinations. It offers accessible analyses of 18 famous tourist locations from the Taj Mahal to Red Square, and from the Eiffel Tower to Antarctica. Written in Berger's friendly style, it allows students to critically examine the political, cultural and economic significance these locales and understand their importance to tourism. Study questions add more pedagogical value to the highly readable text.

In 2000 United Nations adopted the Millennium Development Goals (UN MDGs), committing the member nations to a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty and setting out a series of specific targets with a deadline of 2015. Related to the UN MDGs, tourism is increasingly seen as a promising tool for poverty reduction, ensuring environmental sustainability and developing a global partnership for development, for example. Thus, the industry has become an important policy tool for community and regional development in many developing countries and the expectations for tourism and its social and economic outcomes have evolved to a high level. However, there are still many challenges to overcome in the relationship between tourism industry, development and poverty reduction. This book aims to discuss the promises, challenges and outcomes of tourism in development with a specific aim of drawing together research related to tourism and UN MDGs. The papers discuss what lessons can be learnt and conclusions drawn from the utilisation of tourism for development and poverty reduction. What emerges from this collection is a set of interesting results and notions which both support and challenge the connections between tourism and development and the new role of tourism in global development. This book is an extended version of a special issue published in Current Issues in Tourism.

Tourism Safety and Security for the Caribbean examines the security risks posed to the region and the wider economic impacts on the success of this vital industry. Spencer and Tarlow identify a range of challenges effecting this area and trace the social and economic fallout for contemporary tourism business practices, while also reflecting on how the Caribbean can work to overcome these issues. The authors establish a contextual framework through a history of tourism security and discussion of the theories of in this area from Marxism to Capitalism and Functionalism to Symbolic interaction. Chapters examine a wide range of other issues, including the renaissance of tourism security, Jamaica's national tourism security audit, and the role of the resilience center in worldwide tourism, as well the development of tourism police and the rise of cyber security for tourism. The study presents an illuminating new perspective for Tourism and Security Studies scholars interested in the Caribbean context and beyond.

This book addresses many of the key themes that are seen as challenges to achieve sustainability and to mitigate climate change impacts in the near future, in the tourism sector. In particular it focuses on the economic drivers for growth in tourism as they relate to sustainable development, low-carbon travel and climate change impacts. A major feature is the integration of climate change and sustainability challenges, rather than treating them separately or with sustainability as an add-on. The first group of chapters addresses conceptual issues concerning the relationships between sustainability, climate change and tourism. The second section considers regional, national and international responses and initiatives, including those of agencies such as UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves, and the UK's South West Tourism. The third part provides a range of investigative research, including topics such as air travel and coral reef tourism, and case studies from locations such as southern Africa, Scandinavia and the Pacific islands. Other research dimensions discussed in the book are drawn from Brazil, Hawaii, England, Australia and New Zealand. Overall, the book focuses on some of the most crucial challenges facing tourism in developed and developing countries.

This book is a practical handbook for entrepreneurship in tourism related industries. The book will provide students and prospective entrepreneurs with the knowledge, know-how and best practices in order to assist them in planning, implementing and managing business ventures in the field of tourism. It constitutes a valuable contribution to developing the necessary knowledge, competencies and skills of entrepreneurial decision-making and ventures. It would serve as a guide for those studying entrepreneurship and preparing for entrepreneurial careers as well as a reference for the practical use of entrepreneurs at the planning, implementation, operation and evaluation stages of building a tourism business. Examples from the industry/business world are provided to illustrate real-life practice and give readers a better understanding of entrepreneurship in tourism.

Globally the hospitality and tourism industry is evolving and undergoing radical changes. The past practices are now advancing through the rapid development of knowledge and skills acquired to adapt and create innovations in various ways. Hence, it is imperative that we have an understanding of the present issues so that we are able to remedy problems on the horizon. Current Issues in Hospitality and Tourism: Research and Innovations is a complilation of research in the broad realm of hospitality and tourism. This book is divided into eight sections covering the following broad themes: - Training and education (hospitality students learning); - Organization and management (practical issues and current trends in the hotel, catering and tourism industry); - Product and food innovation; - Marketing; - Islamic hospitality and tourism issues; - Gastronomy; - Current trends; - Tourism The contributions, from different parts of the globe, present a new outlook for future research, including theoretical revelations and innovations, environmental and cultural exploration aspects, tourist destinations and other recreation and ecotourism aspects of the hospitality and tourism industry. Current Issues in Hospitality and Tourism: Research and Innovations will be useful as a reference for academics, industry practitioners and policy makers, and for those with research interests in the fields of hotels, tourism, catering and gastronomy.

This is the story of a man and a love affair - a love affair with an island that grew to incorporate the whole of the Caribbean. The Hon Gordon 'Butch' Stewart was born in Jamaica, the island where he introduced an unsuspecting world to the possibilities that a luxury all-inclusive resort could contain - a place where life was not just one long beach, but also one long party. Stewart's name is synonymous with Sandals Resorts but he has also, for the last 40 years, run one of the most successful companies in the Caribbean, ATL. He is Jamaica's largest private employer and in his time has helped save not only the national airline but also the Jamaican dollar. Now celebrating his 70th year, along with 30 years of the world's favorite luxury-included resorts, the Stewart magic is as strong as ever. As an innovator he has few rivals, and as a marketeer hardly any. Through good times and bad, Stewart has forged a company that is one of the most recognizable in the world.

The Routledge Handbook of Tourism and the Environment explores and critically evaluates the debates and controversies inherent to tourism's relationship with nature, especially pertinent at a time of major re-evaluation of our relationship with the environment as a consequence of the environmental problems we now face. It brings together leading specialists from range of disciplinary backgrounds and geographical regions, to provide state-of-the-art theoretical reflection and empirical research on this complex relationship and future direction. The book is divided in to five interrelated sections. Section one evaluates the philosophical basis, rationale and complexity of what is meant by the term 'environment' considering the major influences in the construction of how we understand our surroundings and the types of values we place upon them. Section two evaluates the types of eco-systems that are used as natural resources for tourism and the negative and positive impacts upon them. Section three evaluates relevant environmental policy and management mechanisms for the impacts of tourism on the natural environment. Section four focuses on the changing tourism-environment relationship, and the types of tourism that have become established in the tourism industry, market and policy. Section five, analyzes contemporary and future issues of the tourism-environment relationship, based upon themes of environmental and social welfare. This timely book will provide an invaluable resource for all those with an interest in tourism's relationship with the natural environment, encouraging dialogue across disciplinary boundaries and areas of study. The book is international in its focus, emphasizing that issues of tourism and the natural environment are not only localized but transcend national boundaries that sometimes require both international and global responses. This is essential reading for student, researchers and academics of Tourism as well as those of Geography, Environmental Studies and Development Studies.

The third edition of Tourism Information Technology provides a contemporary update on the complexities of using information technology in the tourism industry. It examines IT applications in all sectors including airlines, travel intermediaries, accommodation, food service, destinations, attractions, events and entertainment. Fully updated throughout and organised around the stages of the visitor journey, the book reviews how tourists are using technologies to support decision-making before their trip, during their travels and at the destination. The book: - Provides comprehensive and up to date coverage of all key topics in tourism information technologies. - Covers new areas, such as augmented and virtual reality, robotics, smart destinations, disruptive innovation and the collaborative economy, crowd-sourcing for sustainability, online reputation management and big data. - Incorporates a wealth of pedagogic features to aid student learning, including key models and concepts, research and industry insights, case studies, key terms, discussion questions, and links to useful websites. Accompanied by online resources, this book provides a comprehensive and learning-focused text for students of tourism and related subjects.

Tourism Destination Quality: Attributes and Dimensions presents new research on tourism destination quality. It is based on results from the first major empirical study (the TDQ study) that examined what tourists associate with tourism destination quality. It explains why respondents strongly associate attributes and dimensions identified in the TDQ study with destination quality. The book critically compares dimensions of tourism destination quality established in the TDQ study with dimensions of product quality, service quality, place quality and destination service/product quality. To illustrate the applicability and varying importance of dimensions established in the empirical study, case studies of actual tourism destinations are also presented. The empirical evidence provided in this book demonstrates that tourists view destination quality holistically and from the 'quality of opportunity perspective' in terms of conformance to tourists' requirements, which are conditions suitable for pursuing tourist activities and interests. Future directions for research are provided, as well as a diagnostic tool for tourism destination managers and planners. This has been designed to help identify strategic quality improvement areas and to enable competition based on quality in various tourism destination contexts.

Event and cultural tourism as a social practice is a widespread phenomenon of global socio-economic importance. The purpose of the book is to bring together current thinking on contemporary issues relating to the management and marketing of cultural events and attractions. The contributions to the book provide interesting perspectives on a number of topics including innovation in festivals, destination and event image, cultural events and national identity, religious festival experiences, effective management and marketing of events. The book is divided into two broad themes: event tourism and cultural tourism. The Cultural Tourism theme covers issues such as: socio-cultural and environmental impacts of tourism development; tourist experiences, motivations and behavior; development of cultural tourism; hosts and guests; Community participation; living heritage; and destination image and branding. The Event Tourism theme covers issues such as economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts; tourist experiences, motivations and behavior; development of event tourism; event management and sponsorship; destination image and branding; and planning and marketing hallmark events. The book is in response to the increasing demand for empirically-based case studies on event and cultural tourism and will appeal to both academics and practitioners. Case studies are also ideal as teaching material for both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes internationally. This book is a special double issue of the Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management.

The introduction of transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs) in southern Africa was based on an enchanting promise: simultaneously contributing to global biodiversity conservation initiatives, regional peace and integration, and the sustainable socio-economic development of rural communities. Cross-border collaboration and eco-tourism became seen as the vehicles of this promise, which would enhance regional peace and stability along the way. However, as these highly political projects take shape, conservation and development policymaking progressively shifts from the national to regional and global arenas, and the peoples most affected by TFCA formation tend to disappear from view.

This book focuses on the forgotten people displaced by, or living on the edge of, protected wildlife areas. It moves beyond the grand 'enchanting promise' of conservation and development across frontiers, and unfounded notions of TFCAs as integrated social-ecological systems. Peoples' dependency on natural resources the specific combination of crop cultivation, livestock keeping and natural resource harvesting activities varies enormously along the conservation frontier, as does their reliance on resources on the other side of the conservation boundary. Hence, the studies in this book move from the dream of eco-tourism-fuelled development supporting nature conservation and people towards the local realities facing marginalized people, living adjacent to protected areas in environments often poorly suited to agriculture.

The Routledge Handbook of Tourism Research is a compendium of some of the most relevant issues affecting tourism development today. The topics addressed in this book provide some new thinking for those involved in tourism research. This book takes the reader from the beginnings of tourism research to a discussion of emerging forms of tourism and selected examples of tourism development. The underlying theoretical dimensions are reviewed, analysed and discussed from a number of perspectives. This book brings together leading researchers, many of whom are members of the International Academy for the Study of Tourism, to discuss tourism today and its future. The works included in this volume are diverse, in terms of geographical context, research methodology, root discipline, and perspective. This book represents studies based in Europe, North America, Oceania, and Asia. Research methodologies include both quantitative and qualitative. Both macro and micro issues are discussed from the economic, psychological, sociological, political science, marketing, and other perspectives, which reflect the interdisciplinary nature of tourism studies. This book is divided into 6 sections. Section 1 considers the foundations for tourism research. Section 2 discusses the implications for destination management and section 3 discusses planning for tourism development. Section 4 covers human capital for tourism development. And finally, section 5 evaluates emerging forms of tourism and then section 6 offers insights into tourism evolution. It offers the reader a comprehensive synthesis of this field, conveying the latest thinking and research. The text will provide an invaluable resource for all those with an interest in tourism research. This is essential reading for students, researchers & academics of Tourism as well as those of related studies in particular Leisure, Hospitality & Development Studies.