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Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Biochemistry > Toxicology (non-medical)
About 95 per cent of all known animal species are invertebrates. A knowledge of their sexual, reproductive, and development biology is essential for the effective management of species that are economically useful to man or are harmful to him, his crops, and livestock. This treatise is the first to cover all aspects of reproduction and development of the entire spectrum of invertebrates—terrestrial, marine, freshwater, brackish-water, free-living, and parasitic. The chapters, by leading world experts in their fields, are up-to-date and informative, and suggest a number of problems for future research. Progress in Male Gamete Ultrastructure and Phylogeny (issued in parts A-C) is the ninth volume in the series. Volume IX, Part C Progress in Male Gamete Ultrastructure and Phylogeny Edited by B.G.M. Jamieson Contents Preface to the Progress Series; Preface to Volume IX C; Contributors; Decapoda—Crustacea, Barrie G.M. Jamieson and Christopher C. Tudge; Pentastomida, Barrie G.M. Jamieson and Volker Storch; Myriapoda, Massimo Mazzini, Marcella Carcupino and Anna Maria Fausto; Lophophorata, Barrie G.M. Jamieson; Echinodermata, Barrie G.M. Jamieson; Chordata-Hemichordata, Barrie G.M. Jamieson; Urochordata, Paolo Burighel and Gian Bruno Martinucci; Cephalochordata, Barrie G.M. Jamieson; Subject Index; Species Index.
Nanoparticles have numerous biomedical applications including drug
delivery, bone implants and imaging. A protein corona is formed
when proteins existing in a biological system cover the
nanoparticle surface. The formation of a nanoparticle-protein
corona, changes the behaviour of the nanoparticle, resulting in new
biological characteristics and influencing the circulation
lifetime, accumulation, toxicity, cellular uptake and
agglomeration. This book provides a detailed understanding of
nanoparticle-protein corona formation, its biological significance
and the factors that govern the formation of coronas. It also
explains the impact of nanoparticle-protein interactions on
biological assays, ecotoxicity studies and proteomics research. It
will be of interest to researchers studying the application of
nanoparticles as well as toxicologists and pharmaceutical chemists.
-- This new edition offers significant new information, regarding
new technologies like CRISPR-Cas, new housing systems and
management practices (including metabolic cages), a table on
injection volumes and recommended needle sizes, info on new
concepts such as pain assessment by facial expression, possible
anesthetic reversal agents, and the potential impact of common
procedures on animal welfare. The regulatory section has been
entirely updated. The book is now more relevant to an international
audience, addressing differing regulations across borders. -- With
the advent of transgenic and other genetic engineering
technologies, the versatility and usefulness of the mouse as a
model in biomedical research has soared. As a result, mouse
colonies everywhere are expanding, and scientists who previously
focused on other models are turning their attention to the mouse.
These researchers and their lab technicians need a handy, quick and
up-to-date reference guide to inform them of best practice when
working with these animals. -- Unlike existing books on laboratory
mice, this book focuses not only on veterinary medicine but also
offers detailed information regarding management and behavior of
mice. It also offers a concise synopsis of material relevant to
those working with, and caring for, laboratory mice, making for an
easily-used reference.
Mutagenicity: Assays and Applications presents an extensive
examination of the detection, assessment and future of
mutagenicity, particularly as it concerns human health and the
environment. Chapters focused on specific types of mutagens or
testing methods for their detection collectively explore the
current state of human and environmental mutagenesis, future
perspectives and regulatory needs. The test procedures for
measuring mutagenicity, their advantages and limitations are
described with practical and procedural detail, along with their
presentation and data processing aspects. It is an essential
reference covering the breadth and depth of the field of
mutagenicity studies and regulation. By providing both important
introductory material and practical assays and applications, this
book is useful to graduate students, academic and industry
researchers and regulators at various stages of their careers,
leading to improved risk assessment and regulation.
This volume considers activities devoted to ensuring that the input
of contaminants in food from the environment is minimized. Chapters
deal with methods of modern instrumental analysis, with specific
analytes, with risk assessment, and with sensory assessment and
tainting. It should be useful to food scientists and technologists,
ingredients suppliers, packaging technologists, quality assurance
personnel, analytical chemists, public analysts, microbiologists
and environmental health scientists.
Latin America is one of the most diverse but also vulnerable
regions in the world that is under continuous anthropogenic
pressure due to increasing urban, industrial and agricultural
developments. Although there are many research groups studying the
impacts caused by those pressures, the results and conclusions
obtained by many of them are largely unknown because their studies
are mostly published at the local or regional scale. Ecotoxicology
in Latin America represents an effort to collect and share research
performed in Latin America in the area of ecotoxicology and
environmental risk assessment, presenting a collection of relevant
and innovative studies focused on the following topics: (i)
Contaminant entrance, transportation, distribution and fate; (ii)
Environmental risk in freshwater ecosystems; (iii) Ecological risk
in coastal zones; (iv) Biomonitoring programs: water, sediment and
air; (v) Physiological effects and biomarkers; (vi) Soil
ecotoxicology; (vii) Bioaccumulation and human risk; (viii)
Toxicity of emerging contaminants; and (ix) Frontiers in
Ecotoxicology. This selection of topics aims at covering the most
important subjects and applications of ecotoxicology, including
classical and novel subjects. Therefore, this book contains
chapters related to different environmental compartments prone to
contamination (water, sediment, soil and air), to different
contamination sources (agriculture, industry, urban discharges and
natural emissions), and to multiple biological responses at
different organizational levels (individual to ecosystems,
including human beings). It is envisioned to have an international
projection within and beyond Latin American countries, as it is a
great opportunity to increase the networks not only among Latin
American research teams working on similar subjects, but also with
teams from other regions. The idea of this book was to favour the
connection among groups to quickly improve the development of
methods and their application in ecotoxicological and environmental
risk studies in Latin America. This book will be useful to
important sectors of environmental sciences and related areas, and
to specific target demographics such as students and researchers
acting in environmental studies, and decision-makers (i.e.,
politicians and environmental organizations). Ecotoxicology in
Latin America presents 34 chapters authored by 111 researchers from
12 Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Uruguay, and
Venezuela) and from 6 non-Latin American countries (Austria,
Belgium, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and USA).
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The Garbage Menace
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Michael F Somerville; Illustrated by Michael F Somerville
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An overview of biomedical applications and the toxicity properties
of carbon nanomaterials aimed at helping to avoid detrimental
health effects while laying the groundwork for further research in
this highly relevant field. Summarizing recent research, the book
starts with the synthesis and functionalization of carbon
nanomaterials, as well as identification and detection in
biosystems. It then moves on to the interaction between carbon
nanoparticles and biocomponents, focusing on the toxicity and
mechanisms to various organs and systems and potential biomedical
applications as well. Each section highlights the challenges,
outlines unanswered questions, and suggests directions for further
research and development efforts.
This book provides selected authorship on anthropogenic impacts
caused by arsenic, lead, chromium and other pollutants and
contaminants emanating from identified activities (e.g. tanning
industry, effect of irrigation water and exposure to living
tissue). The basis of the study is to improve on the knowledge and
spread awareness to the general public. In this book, identified
impacts associated with arsenic, chromium, lead, salinity induced
processes, effluents and selected synthetic tannins provide a
preview of how identified anthropogenic activities can degrade and
affect terrestrial, aquatic and human health. In light of this, the
individual chapters pursue (to some extent) an experimental and
descriptive approach in explaining these aspects. All the
contributors of these chapters are specialists in their areas of
specialization with very strong research backgrounds. Thus, the
book has a formidable basis of communicating the science that is
relevant for agronomical activities when evaluating the effluent
generation from anthropogenic view, its disposal, potential impacts
towards irrigation related to specific geographical areas and the
human occupational risks involved overall. It is, therefore,
apparent that identifying the denudating aspects of the ecosystems
is a paramount step towards building appropriate diagnostic,
preventive and curative capabilities in managing the environmental
sustainably.
Mammalian Toxicology surveys chemical agents and examines how such
chemicals impact on human health, emphasizing the importance in
minimizing environmental exposure to chemical and physical hazards
in our homes, communities and workplaces through such media as
contaminated water, soil and air. Starting with the basic
principles on a wide range of toxic agents, this textbook describes
how they enter the body, their mechanisms of action once inside,
and strategies for diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Topics
covered include: *General principles of toxicology: pharmacological
and toxicological principles underpinning the study of toxicology,
risk assessments and mechanisms of cell death *Disposition: routes
of chemical exposures, entry into the body and various tissues,
storage, metabolic biotransformation and elimination, with examples
from various toxicants. *Toxic agents: the occurrences, disposition
in the body, health effects, toxic mechanisms, antidotes and
treatments of a range of agents including pesticides, metals,
solvents, gases, nanomaterials, food components and additives,
pharmaceuticals, drugs of abuse, natural toxins, endocrine
disruptors, radiation, and warfare weapons. *Toxic effects:
including neurotoxicity, developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity,
teratogenecity, male and female reproductive toxicity,
mutagenecity, carcinogenicity, pulmonary toxicity, cardiovascular
toxicity, hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity and
cardiovascular toxicity *Toxicology and society: epidemiological
studies of chemical-induced diseases in human populations, and a
vision for toxicology in the 21st century. Mammalian Toxicology is
an essential primer for students of toxicology, biochemistry,
biology, medicine and chemistry. It is also appropriate for
professional toxicologists in research or regulatory affairs, and
anyone who needs to understand the adverse effects of toxic agents
on the human body.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has not conducted a
recent evaluation of demand for Integrated Risk Information System
(IRIS) toxicity assessments with input from users inside and
outside EPA. The health effects information in IRIS provides
fundamental scientific information EPA needs to develop human
health risk assessments. Specifically, EPA issued a needs
assessment report in 2003, which estimated that 50 new or updated
IRIS toxicity assessments were needed each year to meet users'
needs. This book determines the extent to which EPA has evaluated
demand for IRIS toxicity assessments from users inside and outside
EPA; EPA's process for nominating and selecting chemicals for IRIS
toxicity assessment and strategies for addressing any unmet agency
needs when IRIS toxicity assessments are not available, applicable,
or current.
Toxicology is a discipline that requires knowledge in many areas,
such as analytical chemistry (organic and inorganic), biochemistry,
pathology and physiology. This book is designed to provide a wide
ranging, overview of the various toxicants and their effects on
living organisms, particularly human begins. The book also examines
the principles related to toxicology, chemical toxicology,
environmental toxicology and related sciences. The book provides an
up-to-date insight into the harmful interactions between chemicals
(xenobiotics) and biological synthesis. It examines acute
toxicology risk assessment, toxicity testing and many other areas
directly or indirectly related to toxicology.
This volume covers a selection of important research in the
multifaceted field of food toxicology. With more than seven billion
people in the world today and counting, advances in food toxicology
have a direct bearing on food safety issues that are of concern to
all humanity for the foreseeable future. Massive globalization,
industrialization, and commercialization have affected every aspect
of food production, the food supply chain, and food consumption.
This informative volume offers the global perspectives of
scientists in important areas related to biomarkers and nanosensors
in food toxicology, toxicology of nanomaterials, chemicals in
sanitation and packaging, additives, mycotoxins, endocrine
disruptors, radionuclides, toxic metals, and waste-burning residues
in food. The book also emphasizes regulatory toxicology and
includes an interesting example case study. The challenge of
sustainable and safe food for everyone needs a multidisciplinary
and multi-sectorial approach from related industries and
governments alike. Food chemical safety is an underappreciated
aspect of consumer safety, and this volume seeks to help fill that
gap by providing informative research for food scientists and
researchers and many others.
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