Covering some of the most important topics in modern toxicology, the Handbook of Human Toxicology is a unique and valuable addition to the current literature. It addresses issues, answers questions, and provides data related to. Within each of these five major sections are several carefully selected topics that reflect the current state of human toxicology. From tissue uptake of mercury to the effects of drugs on immune systems, the text provides much-needed information quickly and easily.

This new manual provides a convenient source of experimental procedures, including the most modern and frequently used molecular and cellular techniques. Experimental protocols have been carefully selected by developmental toxicologists for developmental toxicologists. The most important new trends, such as evaluation of the safety of therapeutic antisense oligonucleotides, studies of the role of cell death in abnormal development, and the identification of sparingly expressed developmental control genes are featured. This is the perfect manual for scientists trained in classical developmental toxicology who want to add molecular and cellular methods to their research.

This book provides an in-depth discussion of various aspects of metal ecotoxicology. State-of-the-art information and techniques in areas ranging from metal behavior in surface waters to bioaccumulation kinetics and toxicokinetics to community effects are presented in a hierarchical arrangement. Specific topics discussed include metals in abiotic components of ecosystems, autecology (effects of metals relative to the individual or a single species), and metals in marine and freshwater systems in the context of synecology (species associated and interacting as a unit). This is an important book that will be useful to researchers, risk assessment consultants, regulatory personnel, and teachers and students.

Radionuclide distribution and transport in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems is Volume 5 of a critical review of data (Prepared for the Commission of the European Communities) in 1984.

Intravenous infusion is a necessary mode of delivery for many pharmaceuticals currently on the market or undergoing clinical trials. The technique of prolonged intravenous delivery in conscious, free-moving animal models has broadened the opportunity to study and evaluate the safety and efficacy of these therapeutic products. For the first time, the collective sciences involved in the understanding of this mode of drug delivery are brought together in one publication.
Non-Clinical Vascular Infusion Technology, Volume I: The Science covers the scientific principles behind the delivery systems, from both physical and physiological standpoints. The book addresses body fluid dynamics, describes the scientific processes necessary to understand the various aspects of the physico-chemical issues relating to vascular infusion delivery, and discusses vascular infusion dynamics. It also considers all the essential elements of the preparation of a formulation intended for vascular delivery as well as assessment of compatibility of the formulation with the dosing apparatus. This volume, along with "Volume II: The Techniques," provides a foundation of knowledge on infusion technology and its importance for safe clinical use of substances via this route of delivery.
Features

• Identifies and shares best practices for non-clinical vascular infusion
• Presents modern practices and procedures in line with up-to-date equipment development
• Offers recommendations for in-life assessments in order to monitor the success or problems with the vascular infusion delivery
• Makes comparisons with human data in many areas

The congress "Arsenic in the Environment" offers an international, multi- and interdisciplinary discussion platform for arsenic research aimed at practical solutions of problems with considerable social impact, as well as focusing on cutting edge and breakthrough research in physical, chemical, toxicological, medical and other specific issues on arsenic on a broader environmental realm. The congress "Arsenic in the Environment" was first organized in Mexico City (As 2006) followed by As 2008 in Valencia, Spain and As 2010 in Tainan, Taiwan. The 4th International Congress As 2012 was held in Cairns, Australia from July 22-27, 2012 entitled Understanding the Geological and Medical Interface of Arsenic. The session topics comprised: 1. Geology and hydrogeology of arsenic; 2. Medical and health issues of arsenic; 3. Remediation and policy; 4. Analytical methods for arsenic; and 5. Special topics on "Risk assessment of arsenic from mining", "Geomicrobiology of arsenic", "Geothermal arsenic", "Rice arsenic and health perspectives", "Sustainable mitigation of arsenic: from field trials to policy implications", and "Biogeochemical processes of high arsenic groundwater in inland basins" Hosting this congress in Australia was welcome and valued by the local scientific communities. Australia is a mineral rich country where mining has generated significant economic benefit to its people. Unfortunately historical mining for base metals, gold and arsenic had led to environmental contamination of arsenic. Locally produced arsenical compounds were widely used as pesticides and in timber preservation. It is known that there are several thousands of cattle- and sheep-dip sites contaminated with arsenic in Australia. However, commonly observed symptoms of chronic arsenic poisonings such as those found in endemic-blackfoot areas are seemingly absent from these types of environmental contamination due to good quality of potable water supply. Does this fall in the classic argument of "the dose makes the poison"? This congress theme of "understanding the geological and medical interface of arsenic" will advance our knowledge in minimising the risk posted by this so-called number one prioritised contaminant - arsenic.

Examine the Current State of the Science Surface water sampling programs across the globe have shown the presence of many different classes of medicines. The potential risks associated with the release of these medicines into the environment have become an increasingly important issue for environmental regulators. Effects of Veterinary Medicines in the Environment examines the current state of the science in evaluating the potential risks of veterinary medicines to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. International Panel Provide Guidance The book brings together more than 30 experts, from eight countries, with expertise in risk assessment, environmental toxicology and chemistry, and environmental policy and regulation. These experts provide guidance, based on standard risk assessment approaches, on how to assess the environmental effects of veterinary medicines. The text discusses pathways to the environment, exposure and effects assessment, and risk assessment and management in terrestrial and aquatic environments. It reviews classes of veterinary medicines and current regulations, identifies the environmental fate of the medicines, and assesses the use of read-across, QSAR, and other modeling approaches. Detailed Coverage of Technical Approaches An examination of the current state of the science, the book provides integrated content in a single source. It provides detailed coverage of technical approaches that helps practitioners better understand the environmental risks of veterinary medicines.

To gain a complete overview of what is presently known about molecular carcinogenesis would prove to be a very daunting task for those not already steeped in this complex subject. Fortunately, David Warshawsky and Joseph Landolph Jr., both highly respected for their own contributions to the field, know exactly whom to call upon to fulfill the need for a definitive summary. Molecular Carcinogenesis and the Molecular Biology of Human Cancer provides a technical, as well as historical, overview of research covering the science of cancer. This volume explores molecular information specific to chemical, viral, and radiation carcinogenesis, explains the working of cellular oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and also introduces readers to the latest genomic and proteomic approaches. The first part of the book offers basic information; the second part deals strictly with cancer in humans. It commences with discussions on induction and exposure, then reviews complex mixtures of chemical carcinogens, and provides several chapters on tumors, organized by specific organs. This section also covers chemoprevention of chemical carcinogenesis, exposure assessment, and biomarkers, as well as the role of risk assessment, before offering a discussion on prevention that includes the history and particulars of carcinogen regulations. Featuring leading researchers writing about their areas of expertise, this book provides a succinct yet detailed reference that meets the needs of professional researchers, clinicians, and environmental regulators, as well as attorneys practicing law in the area of toxic torts. Its progressive structure allows it to also serve as a primary text or resource for students inmedicine and cancer research.

Because our chemical environment affects our physical and mental well-being, it is a matter of increasing concern and is therefore attracting much research effort. This timely collection of essays highlights current developments in the field of environmental toxicology. Chapters analyze the carcinogenic, mutagenic, genotoxic, and neurotoxic effects of both anthropogenic and natural toxins in the soil, air, and water around us, as well as in our workplace and diet. The book also examines the effects of toxins on other organisms, as well as the techniques, policies, and management strategies employed in studying and controlling environmental pollutants. It will be an essential reference to a variety of personnel in environmental studies and public health.

First Published in 1991, this book conducts a systematic analysis of existing information regarding the toxicological effects of pesticides on humans. The book identifies the negative health effects related to exposure to pesticides and the biological changes required to undertake biological monitoring. The book also discusses the importance and magnitude of the problem for different kinds of pesticide applications in different parts of the world, explains the toxicodynamics and clinical picture of acute and chronic intoxications resulting from exposure to different groups of pesticides and selected individual substances, and evaluates existing methods and limitations for assessing human exposure to pesticides. Pesticide manufacturers, occupational health professionals, epidemiologists, environmentalists, government agencies and others concerned with the effects of pesticides on human populations should consider this book essential reading.

Toxicology of the Gastrointestinal Tract focuses on the specifics of the mechanisms and adverse effects of xenobiotic agents and pharmaceuticals on the structure and function of the GI tract. The book focuses on a number of specific areas of intestinal research. Beginning with the well-recognized and major functions of nutrient absorption and its role as a protective barrier, the text elaborates on the expanding body of knowledge that relates to the intestines as a major metabolic and immunologic organ involved in the synthesis and degradation of both natural and foreign substances. It includes an overview of the function and dysfunction of the human absorptive process and the effects of microbial flora on these processes, as well as specific classes of toxicants that target the GI tract. The international panel of contributors presents a critical appraisal of the interactions of chemicals and drugs with the gastrointestinal system and the experimental methods and regions of research on which to focus future efforts.

Providing a complete and multidisciplinary overview of the gastrointestinal system both in health and as it is involved in the toxicity of exogenous agents, Toxicology of the Gastrointestinal Tract brings together the current and growing knowledge of this critical organ system in a single volume.

A comprehensive guide to general strategies and specific methods for testing the immunotoxicity of chemicals in animal models and humans. Addressed to those seeking a basic introduction to the field as well as specialist researchers the book takes its focus from growing concern in scientific and public communities about the capacity of environmental agents to disrupt normal immune functions and thus increase susceptibility to tumours and infectious diseases. Compounds known to adversely affect the immune system are numerous and include drugs pesticides solvents halogenated and aromatic hydrocarbons and metals. The book draws on considerable recent progress in understanding the immunological consequences of chemical insults as well as increasingly sophisticated methodologies for assessing such effects. Close to 1000 references are included in this authoritative guide. The book opens with a detailed basic introduction to immunotoxicology. An extensive explanation of the function histophysiology and pathophysiology of the immune system emphasizes features that can aid the understanding and interpretation of the pathological changes caused by immunotoxic insults. Chapter two on the health impact of selected immunotoxic agents gives illustrative examples for some 30 chemicals that have been shown to exert immunotoxic effects in laboratory animals and for an additional seven groups of chemicals known to disturb immune functions in humans. For each brief discussions illustrate the chemical's distinct immunosuppressive properties and the mechanisms by which it exerts its toxic effects on the immune system. Chapter three provides detailed descriptions of a number of tests used in a tiered approach to the assessment of immunotoxicity. Against this background specific nonfunctional and functional tests for the assessment of immunotoxicology in experimental animals are presented and explained in full detail. Information on individual tests includes an explanation of why the test is important the types of data it can yield and exactly how it should be performed. Also included are sections offering advice on assessments in non-rodent species "in vitro "approaches and approaches using biomarkers in epidemiological studies and monitoring. The chapter concludes with a discussion of good laboratory practices for immunotoxicology studies and procedures for the validation of tests. Chapter five explains the much more complicated procedures needed to assess immunotoxicity in humans. An explanation of general questions to be considered when designing epidemiological studies is followed by presentation of three recommended testing schemes proposed by WHO and other agencies for preliminary evaluation of individuals exposed to immunotoxicants. Specific assays for assessing immune status are also described. The final chapter outlines a step-by-step process of risk assessment specific to the evaluation of potentially immunotoxic chemicals.