The Congress "Arsenic in the Environment" offers an international, multi- and interdisciplinary discussion platform for research aimed towards a holistic solution to the problem posed by the environmental toxin arsenic, with considerable societal impact. The congress has focused on cutting edge and breakthrough research in physical, chemical, toxicological, medical, agricultural and other specific issues on arsenic across a broader environmental realm. The Congress "Arsenic in the Environment" was first organized in Mexico City (As2006) followed by As2008 in Valencia, Spain, As2010 in Tainan, Taiwan and As2012 in Cairns, Australia. The 5th International Congress As2014 was held May 11-16, 2014 in Buenos Aires, Argentina and entitled One Century of the Discovery of Arsenicosis in Latin America (1914-2014). The session topics comprised: Theme 1: Arsenic in environmental matrices (air, water and soil) Theme 2: Arsenic in food Theme 3: Arsenic and health Theme 4: Removal technologies Theme 5: Mitigation management and policy Hosting this Congress in Argentina was especially relevant because 2014, marks 100 years since the discovery of the disease Hidroarsenicismo Cronico Regional Endemico (HACRE) or arsenicosis by Dr. Goyenechea and Dr. Ayerza in the city of Bell Ville, Province of Cordoba, Argentina. Dr. Ayerza was the first person to relate skin disorders to the consumption of groundwater with high concentrations of arsenic. It is estimated that more than 14 million people in Latin America are at risk, of whom nearly 4 million are exposed to drinking water with high arsenic concentration in Argentina, and further in Chile, El Salvador, Mexico, Nicaragua and Peru. A vast area of the Chaco-Pampean Plain in Argentina, mostly in the semi-arid regions, is affected not only by arsenic exposure from drinking water but also through other exposure pathways, e.g. through food and other dietary intake. The Congress has gathered professionals involved in different segments of interdisciplinary research in an open forum, and strengthens relations between academia, industry, research laboratories, government agencies and the private sector to share an optimal atmosphere for exchange of knowledge, discoveries and discussions about the problem of arsenic in the environment.

Industrial activities like textile processing and mining are typical sources of heavy metal-rich wastewaters. The sulfate reducing process has become an attractive method for the production of sulfide to precipitate metals since most of these streams also contain sulfate, which is the electron acceptor and, in less common cases, chemical oxygen demand which is the electron donor of sulfate reducing bacteria. The inverse fluidized bed (IFB) reactor is a system for the production of biogenic sulfide and metal precipitation in the same unit due to its configuration: the biomass floats on top of the reactor, whereas metal sulfide precipitates settle and thus can be recovered at the bottom. The main objective of this thesis was to elucidate the factors affecting simultaneous sulfate reduction and precipitation of heavy metals in an IFB reactor in order to optimize the metal recovery from wastewaters such as acid mine drainage. Therefore, this thesis focused on varying different operational conditions to study their effect on the solid-liquid separation and purity of the metal sulfide precipitates as well as on their effect on the sulfate reducing process. Furthermore, one chapter was focused on the study of strategies for sulfide control in the IFB reactor. In addition, recommendations for further research to improve the recovery of the metal sulfides in bioreactors are given.

The present work evaluates the toxic effects of some environmental stressors on fish eggs and larvae and describes the biomarker responses of fish from locations with varying levels of pollution. Development of the main groups of biomarkers is discussed. The book demonstrates general trends and specific peculiarities of biomarker induction in early fish life and their association with the animal's developmental stages. It addresses responses of fish eggs and larvae to pollution under experimental conditions and presents information obtained from in situ studies. Chapters describe xenobiotics accumulation, anoxia and hypoxia, increasing temperature, eutrophication, and other unfavorable environmental factors, including biotic and abiotic factors, and their impact on fish embryos. They also examine fluctuations in biomarker levels in fish eggs and larvae that have been impacted by climate changes and discuss possible scenarios, especially for fish population size, reproduction, growth, development and biodiversity.

Contaminants and Clean Technologies provides valuable information on environmental contaminants such as industrial pollutants, micropollutants, pesticides, endocrine disruptors, pharmaceuticals, toxins, and hormones. It focuses on the various types of environmental contaminants discharged from various sources; their toxicological effects in environments, humans, animals, and plants; and their removal methods. It also covers, comprehensively, information on the contaminants released by various industries and agricultural practices, which cause severe threats to the environment. Features of the book: Elucidates systematic information on various types of environmental contaminants, and their fate and consequences Discusses contaminants such as endocrine disruptors, pharmaceutical waste, and personal care products Provides an overview of physicochemical and biological treatment technologies for sustainable development Details recent research finding in the area of environmental contaminants and their future challenges

Microplastics in Urban Water Management Enables readers to understand the true occurrence and fate of microplastics in drinking water, wastewater and sludge, and receiving water Microplastics in Urban Water Management focuses on the occurrence, fate, effect, and removal of microplastics in the urban water management systems, summarizing relevant methods for enhancing microplastics removal and degradation, providing comprehensive data from source to sink (including occurrence and fate of microplastics in urban water management), and covering practical applications, which are expected to provide some theoretical guidance for controlling or mitigating microplastics pollution and its environmental risks. The work also includes detailed multidisciplinary information on the way in which microplastics behave in urban water management, plus recent advances of nanoplastics, i.e., nano-sized microplastics, in the aquatic environment. In Microplastics in Urban Water Management, readers can expect to find detailed information on sample topics such as: Techniques for microplastics detection, including sample collection, purification, identification, and quantitation, plus the definition, emergence, occurrence, and removal of microplastics Elements of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants; for instance, the ecotoxicological effect on the biological treatment of wastewater and sludge Why the discharge of microplastics from wastewater treatment plants is the important source of microplastics in the receiving waters Potential environmental risks of microplastic contamination in receiving water systems and evidence that microplastics can absorb, collect and transport environmental contaminants as vectors For practicing toxicologists, biologists, environmental and chemical engineers, and ecology professionals, as well as researchers and graduate students in these disciplines, Microplastics in Urban Water Management is an essential all-in-one guide to understanding the current state of microplastics in our world and potential solutions for the future.

Difficult to measure accurately and deal with effectively, organic pollutants continue to be a major hazard in the environment. Significantly expanded, the second edition of Organic Pollutants: An Ecotoxicological Perspective describes the mechanistic basis of ecotoxicology, using major groups of pollutants as illustrative examples, and explores the problem of complex mixtures of chemicals. New in the Second Edition: Expanded coverage of complex pollution problems and the exploitation of recent scientific and technological developments to investigate them New chapters: Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and their Environmental Impacts and Neurotoxicity and Behavioral Effects Additional information on biomarker approaches and new technologies, such as microarrays assays, developed to address complex pollution problems Tried-and-True Format Presents Updated Information Keeping the same format that made the first edition so popular, the text begins with coverage of the basic principles underpinning the environmental behavior and effects of organic pollutants. It then describes the properties and ecotoxicology of major pollutants, discusses some issues that arise after consideration of the material in the second part of the text, and explores future prospects. Mechanistic Approach Provides Basis for Development of New Strategies The book takes a bottom up approach, describing the mechanisms by which pollutants have harmful effects on living organisms and how these effects are translated into adverse changes at the population level. This mechanistic approach supplies the basis for development of new mechanistic biomarker assays, which in turn provide measures of toxic effect and not merely of exposure, and subsequently provide evidence of causality between pollutant levels and ecological changes.

While an ever-present and familiar toxin, carbon monoxide (CO) remains the number one poison in our environment. This silent killer is responsible for over 2,000 deaths a year in the United States alone. The public and healthcare communities need quality information about the many risks presented by carbon monoxide exposure. Edited by a leading expert in the field, Carbon Monoxide Poisoning delineates the successful means to prevent, identify, and manage the effects of CO poisoning.

This volume explores new information on CO toxicity, including rehabilitation, the dissemination of information to the public, litigation involving CO poisoning, economic loss assessment, and firefighting. A series of chapters detail the risk of CO poisoning from kitchen ranges, recreational vehicles, and power boats. Expert contributors survey diagnostic procedures and devices, incorporating advances in brain SPECT imaging and non-invasive pulse-oximetry. The book includes chapters that specifically addressthe pros and cons of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and thoroughly review the physiological effects of acute and long term exposure to CO, as well as the neurocognitive and neurobehavioral sequelae.

Whether you are a healthcare professional who treats CO poisoning, a lawyer involved in litigation for loss of life or property due to CO poisoning, or an engineer developing a well-insulated structure with sufficient ventilation; you will face the challenges raised by CO toxicology. Offering the only comprehensive reference on the subject, this multi-faceted guide takes an innovative look at how we can identify, treat, and prevent harmful exposure to carbon monoxide.

This title is an excellent resource to help indentify poisonous plants in the home and garden and contains the most current information about plant toxicity in dogs and cats. This essential reference allows veterinarians to not only identify poisonous plants, but also includes the toxic properties of the plant and the clinical signs that can be expected in animals that ingest the plants. This instrumental guide contains detailed discussions on the plant toxins, the plant parts that are most dangerous and the first aid that should be considered. The title includes 192 domestic and exotic plant species, with an emphasis on plants typically found in and around the home. This user friendly guide is organized alphabetically by the plant's botanical name, while the index includes common names listed to help find the specific plant in question. The 350 high quality color photos also assist the practitioner in accurate plant identification. The highly visual, easily accessible format make this title an ideal toxically reference for small animal practitioners.

Exposure to particles in industry and mining and from accidental anthropogenic sources constitutes an ongoing threat. Most recently nanoparticles arising from advances in technology are exposing a wider population to pathogenic stimuli. The effects of inhaled particles are no longer confined to the lung as nanoparticles have the potential to translocate to the bloodstream, the brain, and other target sites. The new questions posed by nanoparticles underscore the importance of interdisciplinary research and exchange and highlight the need for new collaborations among disciplines in medicine, toxicology, chemistry, and material sciences. Particle Toxicology brings together the state of the science in particle physico-chemistry, cell biology, and toxicology in a single volume. While organized around the classical toxicology paradigm of exposure - dose - response, the book is unique in its emphasis on mechanistic toxicology. Preparing the reader with a brief historical overview and a conceptual framework for particle research, the book provides reviews on the mechanisms and properties of pathogenic particles and their effects on target cells at various sites in the body. The text describes how adverse effects are a consequence of deposition, translocation, and the complex issue of "dose" dominates. Contributions from leading researchers address particle-associated pro-inflammatory effects and inflammatory signaling, cellular and extracellular oxidative and nitrosative stress, particulate interactions in the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems, as well as genotoxic effects. Exemplar particles include quartz, asbestos, particulate material and nanoparticles. The book also covers mathematical modeling and human studies as avenues for future research. Responding to the evolving trend of consumer applications for particulate matter, Particle Toxicology provides the comprehensive resource for current knowledge from which to develop ne

The 2nd edition of book entitled "Principles of Meat Technology" has been designed and modified as per the recent requirement of the Veterinary Professionals and is entirely based on recent course-curriculum of Veterinary Council of India. All the topics included in VCI syllabus for Meat Science subject have been illustrated and discussed in detail with the supplementation of previous edition. The reference material and current scientific information on the subject has been updated which will be of immense value for meat processing industry and persons having some stakes in this subject. This book is broadly covering fresh meat and aquatic foods, their processing, preservation, packaging, standards and biotechnological applications in this specialized field with recent innovations. In this edition book will serve the purpose of impartation of knowledge, skill and update material to acquaint the students of Veterinary Science. It is also due to upgradation of each and every of the book with recent knowledge and innovations. The themes mentioned in the syllabus of VCI is very well covered particularly meat structure, product's quality, handling and processing is very well documented. So authors believe that efforts put in this edition of book in form of material, scientific facts and language will help in understanding the meat science to the students of veterinary science, food science and technology, fish technology, meat technologists, academicians of this field, technicians engaged and the processors of animals and fish products.

Whether considering toxicant exposure in zebrafish, or the application of cellular diagnostics to marine toxicology, or the ecotoxicology of coral reef ecosystems, or the amount of metalloids in water, this reference offers the protocols for specimen collection that researchers need. Following up on his popular Techniques in Aquatic Toxicology with a second volume, now nine years later, Dr. Ostrander has once again called on the top aquatic toxicologists from across the world to present 39 chapters of unique collection and testing procedures. Updating five techniques from the first volume, the authors have gone on to add over two dozen new techniques. Like the first volume, this text divides the chapters into four broad areas: Techniques for the Assessment of Toxicity in Whole Organisms, Cellular and Subcellular Toxicity, Contaminant Identification, and Impacts in Aquatic Ecosystems, and ends with a General Techniques section that anyone working in the field should find useful. Every chapter covers a specific procedure that can easily be reproduced by any competent technician with basic knowledge. Each of the chapter authors provides and interprets typical as well as anomalous results, false positives, and artifacts. Data is provided either from recently published experiments or from work being published for the first time.

Thermoregulation is vital for survival but the interplay between toxic insults and thermoregulatory mechanisms is often poorly understood. Temperature and Toxicology: An Integrative, Comparative, and Environmental Approach is the first major text to study the integrative thermoregulatory responses of mammals that are exposed to toxicants. Because environmental physiology is also crucial in toxicological responses, this volume also examines the role of environmental temperature in the modulation of cellular mechanisms of toxicity.The book begins by explaining the importance of temperature in toxicological studies, and how all biological processes are dependent on temperature. It then reviews the basics of temperature regulation in homeotherms and poikilotherms, and addresses whole-animal and in vitro studies related to the effects of temperature on toxicity. The text examines thermoregulatory response to toxic insult, and how responses affect recovery and potential survival. reactions in humans, and discusses the relevance of heat and cold stress on human exposures to airborne pollutants and other toxicants. This volume provides an extensive comparison of physiological responses of invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and mammals, and focuses on the impact of endocrine disruption. It then considers how toxicants and thermal stress cause the expression of stress proteins, followed by a study of the impact of genetic variability. The book concludes with an examination of thermoregulatory response to natural toxins and venoms.FeaturesExplores how human health and susceptibility to toxicants can be strongly linked to environmental temperatureProvides more than 100 figures and 500 references that illustrate mechanisms though which toxicants affect various speciesInvestigates integrative thermoregulatory responses to toxicants, including effects on behavior and motor outputs

Why are some individuals more sensitive to the effects of caffeine than others? Why is the developing infant so much more susceptible to the dangers of lead or mercury? How is the science of toxicology touching our lives every day? Everyday we come into contact with countless substances that could, at certain concentrations, be toxic. This applies not only to obvious candidates such as asbestos, lead and sulphur dioxide, but also compounds such as caffeine and headache tablets.
A Small Dose of Toxicology sets out to answer these questions by setting toxicology in a human context - exploring current toxicology concerns without assuming a prior background in science. Ideal for students requiring a basic foundation in toxicology or public/environmental health, or for those on professional short courses who need a primer to the subject, this engaging and wider-ranging text illustrates important toxicological principles using examples that readers can readily identify with.

Contents:
1. Introduction to Occupational Toxicology N.H. Stacey 2. Basics of Toxicology N.H. Stacey 3. Systemic Toxicology N.H. Stacey, W.M. Hasschek and C. Winder 4. Respiratory Toxicology G. Baker 5. Occupational Skin Disease, E.A. Emmett 6. Reproduction, Development and Occupational Health, C. Winder 7. Genetic Toxicology A. Mitchell 8. Carcinogenesis and its Prevention H. Vainio 9. Toxicity of Metals C. Winder 10. Toxicity of Pesticides A. Moretto and M. Lotti 11. Toxicity of Solvents N.H. Stacey 12. Toxicity of Plastics R. Drew 13. Toxicology of Inhaled Material C. Winder and P. Turner 14. Occupational Hygiene - Interface with Toxicology C. Gray 15. Occupational Medicine - Interface with Toxicology W.O. Phoon 16. Occupational Epidemiology - Interface with Toxicology M.S. Frommer and S.J. Corbett 17. Managing Workplace Chemical Safety C. Winder and C. Vickers 18. Working Examples in Occupational Toxicology N.H. Stacey and C. Winder 19. Chemicals, Workplaces and the Law C. Winder and J. Barter

Present the main anthropological and non-anthropological sources of waste generation containing toxic metals. Demonstrate aspects related to the generation, disposal and valuation of solid waste containing toxic metals. Portray techniques for the treatment and reuse of water contaminated with toxic metals.

The coastal tropics comprise some of the most sensitive and yet the most understudied ecosystems in the world. Coastal plains and river valleys are also home to agriculture on a vast scale and it is not surprising to find that streams and rivers receive the majority of agricultural runoff, carrying the residues of insecticides, fungicides and other pesticides into estuaries and coastal zone. There is a growing awareness of an urgent need to develop strategies that facilitate the coexistence of productive, healthy and economically viable agriculture with the preservation of natural resources.
Pesticide Residues in Tropical Coastal Ecosystems brings together toxicology experts from around the world to assess pesticide burdens in many of the major food-producing tropical countries. It provides a unique set of case studies, chronicling pesticide usage and its ecotoxicological impact in coastal regions.
A practical guide to recent research findings and applications, it is essential reading for environmental professionals, ecotoxicologists, marine chemists and agrochemists.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203165586

Agriculture methods that exclude pesticides and other chemical inputs are spreading rapidly all over the world. Commonly known as organic farming, this agriculture model is increasingly recognized by farmers, consumers, environmentalists and policy-makers as a way to improve environmental, social, and economical sustainability in food production. This entry explains the concept of Organic Farming and gives an overview of the current situation, growth factors and dynamics, and basic practices. Dekker will provide subscribers and readers with new content each quarter. The list below indicates titles planned for future quarterly updates (new and revised articles). The alphabetical list below is not intended to specify when an individual article will be available. This timely resource ranges across a broad spectrum of interrelated disciplines-including botany, zoology, agriculture, engineering, environment, public health, and soil and water science-to identify diverse pest species that damage and destroy crops, livestock, and forest products. This user-friendly reference contains: an authoritative and comprehensive writing style that allows experienced professionals to find specific information overviews that enable quick understanding of never before encountered subject matter a flexible cross referencing system and exhaustive index that facilitate easy location

Provides a practical overview of environmental risk assessment and its application by discussing the process and providing case studies and examples. Focuses on tools and approaches used for humans in an environment involving potential chemical hazards. Fully updated, the first part introduces the underlying principles and techniques of the field, and the second examines case studies in terms of different risk assessment scenarios. Risk assessment is a core requirement for the MPH degree in environmental health. Useful "stories" suitable for case studies.

Presents concrete and extensive information about a basic and applied aspect of plant oxylipins as well as expanded coverage of signaling mechanisms. Highlights the fundamental concepts of the biosynthesis, metabolism, structural biochemistry, and signaling pathway of oxylipins. Details the state-of-the-art methods and techniques in metabolic profiling of oxylipins in plants. Presents insights on computational applications in the evaluation and study of oxylipins in plants

Monkeys and apes have been used successfully in medical research for many decades due to the high degree of relatedness and biological similarity of these primates to humans. Medical Primatology begins with a discussion of the history of this research, and then focuses on the biological foundations upon which medical primatology has been built. Primate taxonomy and evolution are reviewed using not only traditional sources of data, but also recent experimental evidence from molecular biology, genetics and biomedicine that indicates, in particular, the need to place higher simians in the family of man.
Medical Primatology for the first time provides a comprehensive summary text linking the use of simians in biomedical research to their kinship with humans, and it condenses a wide range of scientific literature into one volume. It will be a useful reference book for those involved in biological, anthropological, biomedical, clinical and pharmacological research on primates, and students and specialists in the biological sciences and medicine.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203298691

There is no current book is available in the market explaining medicinal values, toxicity responses, and other potential uses of poisonous plants exclusively. In recent years, extensive attention has been paid towards the up-gradation of medicinal and herbal plants therefore; this book includes important chapters on relevant topics. Audience - Those who are working on or have an interest in modern research especially in medicinal, herbal, and poisonous plants and is also useful for some pharmaceutical companies involved in herbal drug preparation.

This text coherently links biochemical fundamentals and mechanisms with economic and societal problems of environmental pollution. It addresses interdisciplinary topics such as regulatory problems, sampling and pollutant quantifi cation, model organisms and provides a philosophical perspective on the toxin load on a variety of organisms, including humans in the environment in the Anthropocene. Case studies and exercises illustrate current issues and discuss future aspects.

Contents:
1. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study for Defining the Mechanism of Irritant Dermatitis Y. Kawasaki, J. Mizushima, R. Cooke and H. Maibach 2. Irritant Patch Testing in Atopic Individuals H. Loeffler and I. Effendy 3. Quantification of Nonerythematous Irritant Dermatitis V. Charbonnier, H. Maibach, B. Morrison and M. Paye 4. Detergents I. Effendy and H. Maibach 5. Permeability of Skin for Metal Compounds J. Hostynek 6. Irritant Dermatitis: Subthreshhold Irritation E. Tur 7. Cytokines and Irritant Dermatitis Syndrome I. Effendy and H. Maibach 8. Assay to Quantify Subjective Irritation Caused by the Pyrethroid Insecticide Alpha-Cypermethrin R. Herbst, R. Strimling and H. Maibach 9. Prediction of Skin Corrosivity Using Quantitative Structure-activity Relationships M. Barratt 10. Contamination and Percutaneous Absorption of Chemicals from Water and Soil R. Wester and H. Maibach 11. Determining an Occupational Dermal Exposure Biomarker for Atrazine Through Measurement of Metabolites in Human Urine by HPLC-accelerator Mass-spectrometry B. Buchholz, J. Vogel, S. Gilman, S. Gee, B. Hammock, X. Hui, R. Wester and H. Maibach 12. Partitioning of Chemicals from Water Into Powdered Human Stratum Corneum (Callus) X. Hui, R. Wester, P. Magee and H. Maibach 13. Dermal Exposure of Hands to Pesticides G. Matthews 14. Iontophoresis A. Anigbogu and H. Maibach 15. Penetration and Barrier Creams H. Zhai and H. Maibach 16. Fiber K. Hatch and H. Maibach 17. Novel Topical Agents for Prevention and Treatment of Allergic and Irritant Contact Dermatitis John Wille and A. Kydonieus 18. Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Clinical Considerations Y. Leow and H. Maibach 19. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Immunology of Experimental Contact Sensitizers W. Hannon, T. Chartier and J. Taylor 20. Modulation of the Dermal Immune Response by Acute Restraint S. Tinkle and M. Flint 21. Textile-dye Allergic Contact Dermatitis Prevalence K. Hatch and H. Maibach 22. Dose-Response Studies in Guinea Pig Allergy Tests S. Frankild 23. Operational Definition of Allergic Contact Dermatitis S. Ale and H. Maibach 24. Predictive Immunotoxicological Risk Assessment B. Horney, P. Lehmann and H. Vohr 25. Allergic Contact Dermatitis From Transdermal Systems C. Levin and H. Maibach 26. Animal Models for Immunologic Contact Urticaria and Nonimmunologic Contact Urticaria A. Lauerma and H. Maibach 27. Diagnostic Tests in Dermatology S. Amin, A. Lauerma and H. Maibach 28. Wound Healing Products D. Hobson 29. Issues of Toxicity With Dermatologic Drugs During Pregnancy B. Reed 30. Roles of Calcium Ions in Skin Barrier H. Tanojo and H. Maibach 31. Nuclear Receptors for Psoralen in Cultured Human Skin Fibroblasts K. Milioni, E. Bloom and H. Maibach 32. In Vitro Viability Assays M. Kwah 33. Dermal Penetration of Calcium Salts and Calcinosis Cutis S. Soileau

Toxicology has made tremendous strides in the sophistication of the models used to identify and understand the mechanisms of agents that can harm or kill humans and other higher organisms. Non-animals or in vitro models started to gain significant use in the 1960s. As a result of the increased concern over animal welfare, economic factors, and the need for greater sensitivity and understanding of mechanisms, interest in in vitro models has risen. This volume demonstrates that there now exists a broad range of in vitro models for use in either identifying or understanding most forms of toxicity. The availability of in vitro models spans both the full range of endpoints (irritation, sensitization, lethality, mutagenicity, and developmental toxicity) and the full spectrum of target organ systems (including the skin, eye, heart, liver, kidney and nervous system). Chapters are devoted to each of these speciality areas from a perspective of presenting the principal models and their uses and limitations.

Reflecting the broad and interdisciplinary nature of toxicology, this third edition of Principles of Toxicology explores the biochemical, physiological, and environmental aspects of the subject. This new edition is updated and revised to include reference to several major new directions in the science of toxicology, including significant changes in thinking about cancer and carcinogenesis as well as the rapid expansion of toxicogenomics. The book also includes new chapters on topics of timely interest such as radiation, food safety, and natural toxins. As in previous editions, chapters combine background material in the appropriate discipline-which helps readers review and remember the basics-with new information on toxicology to stress key principles and concepts. Also included is a selection of updated case studies through which principles and concepts are applied to real-world issues. The book features an extensive cross-referencing system linking all sections and enhancing the integration of material, thus helping readers tie it all together. It also includes an appendix of selected toxicants that describes chemical structure, category of use, and toxicity. These features make specific information quick and easy to find. The easy-to-follow format and clear presentation of information in this book will make this one of the most useful references on your shelf.