This book focuses on an important aspect of the methods in laboratory animal inhalation toxicology. It is targeted to students in toxicology programs and scientists contemplating performing inhalation studies.

Compiling knowledge gained through more than 50 years of experience in environmental engineering technology, this book illustrates the application of fundamental concepts in microbiology to provide a sound basis for the design and operation of various biological systems used in solving environmental challenges in the air, water, and soil. Environmental Pollution Control Microbiology emphasizes the quantitative relationships of microbial growth and metabolism, beginning an examination of the overall metabolism and resulting growth of bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, rotifers, and other microorganisms and explains how bacteria bring about the stabilization of biodegradable organic pollutants.

Despite the esteemed nature of gold in society, evidence of adverse ecotoxicological effects and risk to human health in various mining and extraction techniques has generated increasing interest in the biological and environmental implications of gold. Biogeochemical, Health, and Ecotoxicological Perspectives on Gold and Gold Mining is the first comprehensive book to evaluate the effect of gold production and use on human health as well as the environmental impact of gold mining and extraction. Dr. Ronald Eisler, a well-known senior research biologist and expert in the chemical and biological effects of various compounds on wildlife, provides a thorough risk assessment of gold, including its geology and sources and physical, chemical, and metabolic properties. The author documents gold concentrations and field collections of abiotic materials and biota and presents research on the lethal and sublethal effects of gold on plants and animals. Supported by case histories, the book examines health risks in gold miners, human sensitivity to jewelry and dental implants, and medicinal uses. It uses examples in several countries to thoroughly explore the environmental effects of gold extraction, including tailings disposal, acid mine drainage, cyanide, arsenic, and mercury contamination, water management issues, and abandoned mines. Unlike traditional risk assessments, the author also takes into account social, political, economic, medicinal, and psychological variables for a more complete perspective on gold's impact on health and the environment. Biogeochemical, Health, and Ecotoxicological Perspectives on Gold and Gold Mining concludes with a discussion on mining legislation, safety, and procedures.

Distilling the available knowledge on ethanol-induced liver damage and directly complementing the available bio-medical literature, Ethanol and the Liver covers pathogenic and clinical aspects of alcoholic liver disease. Providing broader coverage of the subject than any available monograph, the editors and their panel of experts relate basic science to pathogenesis and treatment modalities and explore future developments. Coverage includes: Histopathology-fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis Ethanol metabolism and its consequences Mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ALD, including genetics, immunology, and insulin-like growth factors Extrahepatic effects of ALD and the role of alcohol in potentiating liver damage due to other etiologies Interaction of alcohol with viral hepatitis Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment Management strategies, including transplantation The vast amount of knowledge and expertise gathered in this book make it an unparalleled resource.

First Published in 1977, this set offers a comprehensive guide into the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for environmental health professionals, toxicologists, and other practitioners in their respective fields.

First Published in 1977, this set offers a comprehensive guide into the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for environmental health professionals, toxicologists, and other practitioners in their respective fields.

Environmental issues such as ozone layer depletion, overpopulation, biodiversity loss, global warming, natural resource depletion, and so on affect every organism on the planet somehow. Environmental biotechnology applications can help to protect and restore the quality of the environment. The goal is to use biotechnology with other technologies and safety procedures to prevent, arrest, and reverse environmental degradation. Environmental biotechnology is one of the most rapidly expanding and practically useful scientific fields. Biochemistry, physiology and genetic research of microorganisms can be converted into commercially available technologies for reversing and preventing further deterioration of the earth's environment. Solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes can be altered either by recycling new by-products or by purifying to make the end product less harmful to the environment. Biotechnology for Toxic Remediation and Environmental Sustainability discusses the removal of pollutants by absorption techniques and recycling wastewater into valuable by-products and biofuels by microorganisms. Moreover, this book also addresses corrosion prevention by green inhibitors, uses electrochemical systems for renewable energy and waste recycling using microbes, and recent food safety and security trends in the food microbiome. On the other hand, this book also discusses therapy and treatments against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, anti-cancer and pharmacological properties of thymoquinone and preventive properties of zinc nanoparticles against stress-mediated apoptosis in epithelial cells. Features Covers all aspects of Biotechnological application in the environment Discusses sustainable technology for the wastewater treatment and value-added products from wastewater Focuses on research activities Green corrosion inhibitors, bio-electrochemical systems, food safety and security, and antimicrobial resistance The book is a valuable resource for the undergrad and graduate students, doctoral and post-doctoral scholars, industrial personnel, academicians, scientists, researchers, and policymakers involved in understanding and implementing applications of biotechnology for environmental toxic remediation.

Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities III contains selected papers presented at the 5th edition of the International Conference Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities, that took place on 3-6 September 2019, in Costa da Caparica, Portugal. The Wastes conference, which takes place biennially, is a prime forum for sharing innovation, technological development and sustainable solutions for the waste management and recycling sectors around the world, counting with the participation of experts from academia and industry. The papers included in this book cover a wide range of topics, including: Wastes as construction materials; Wastes as fuels; Waste treatment technologies; MSW management; Recycling of wastes and materials recovery; Environmental, economic and social aspects in waste management; Life cycle assessment; Circular economy and wastes refineries; Logistics, policies, regulatory constraints and markets in waste management.

Molecular Toxicology is a concise introduction to the subject, taking the reader through the theoretical principles of toxicology followed by specific examples. In the first section, the concepts behind possible mechanisms of toxicity are described (e.g. the specific enzyme or receptor system) using examples where appropriate. Following this a series of examples are used to show the extension of concept into the real world, in an organ specific manner. The book concludes with a section outlining toxicity assessment methods, where the impact of molecular biology is having a considerable impact, including DNA microarrays, proteomics and bioinformatics. The Advanced Text series is designed for students taking advanced-level courses in life sciences, including final year undergraduates and taught MSc. Titles in this series will also be invaluable to researchers new to the field, and to established researchers as a basic reference.

Provides a practical overview of environmental risk assessment and its application by discussing the process and providing case studies and examples. Focuses on tools and approaches used for humans in an environment involving potential chemical hazards. Fully updated, the first part introduces the underlying principles and techniques of the field, and the second examines case studies in terms of different risk assessment scenarios. Risk assessment is a core requirement for the MPH degree in environmental health. Useful "stories" suitable for case studies.

With growing interest in the safety of foods, knowledge of food toxicology is gaining more importance every day. Introduction to Toxicology and Food provides a concise overview of both the science of toxicology and food toxicology. It presents easy-to-understand explanations of the concepts and principles of toxicology as a science, the toxicants found in foods, and naturally occurring antitoxic/anticarcinogenic substances in foods. It examines the uses, harmful effects, and safety aspects of a variety of toxicants, including natural toxicants, contaminants, and food additives.

The book begins with a general overview of the concepts and principles of toxicology. It describes its history and branches, toxic doses, stages of toxication, effect mechanisms of toxins, and toxicity tests. Then it covers the substances in our foods that have toxicological significance, such as natural sources of toxicants, contaminants, and food additives. Finally, the book presents information about "chemopreventers" - those foods and food components that have antimutagenic or anticarcinogenic effects.

With its easy-to-read style and its clear discussions of the science of toxicology, food toxicology, and chemopreventers, Introduction to Toxicology and Food is an ideal text for an undergraduate course in food toxicology and a useful guide for food scientists.

This book provides a guide to the use and meaning of toxicological and ecological information in the paper industry. For example, the information provided by suppliers of paper chemicals to paper mills is analysed in detail. This allows for greater understanding by users and therefore awareness of the possible implications of handling a given chemical with respect to its impact on the working environment, the final product and the environment beyond the mill. The information currently available is collected, summarised and systematised so that users bombarded with inconsistent Safety Data Sheets can make intelligent use of them or can ask sensible questions of their suppliers. Emphasis is on providing guidance on how to find a commercially realistic path between over evaluation and under evaluation of potential health and environmental risks.

With the growing prospect for germ warfare, environmental and occupational neurotoxicology has come center stage. This is a multidisciplinary science dealing with the study of chemical compounds found in the environment or workplace that have deleterious effects on the nervous system and behavior of humans. The ultimate goal of this science is the understanding of their toxicity with the aim of preventing illness and suffering. Prior to the original publication of this work in 1991, this subject has never been viewed as a distinct body of knowledge; over ten years later it remains the premier text of its field.
An encyclopedic compendium of over thirty years exhaustive research written by an expert in the fields of occupational health, environment, and toxicology, "Foundations of Environmental and Occupational Neurotoxicology" is a pioneering work. Jos A. Valciukas, in building bridges between several academic and medical disciplines, explains how health and human behavior may be adversely affected by neurotoxins. After introducing his study with a history of environmental and occupational neurotoxicology, he discusses, in Chapter 1, "Fundamentals & Techniques"-the components of the nervous system and how a clinical examination is conducted. Chapter 2, "Neurotoxic Chemical Compounds & Drugs," classifies the various neurotoxic substances. In Chapter 3, "Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Occupational Health," the author examines how neurotoxic agents are absorbed and excreted. In Chapter 4, entitled "Methods of Data Analysis," he assesses surveys, data management, and the determination of toxic causation. Chapter 5, "The Targets of Neurotoxicity," contains an examination of the effects of toxins on brain development, the auditory and visual systems, and emotions and moods. Chapter 6, entitled "Counfounders & Current Issues," discusses relevant issues of senile dementia, alcoholism, smoking, and neurotoxic agents of chemical warfare.
"What is unique about this book is that Dr. Valciukas has consolidated this information and discussed the principles and pitfalls governing the assessment of neurotoxicology in the workplace This book is highly recommended to those who wish to expand their knowledge beyond their area of expertise into aspects of environmental and occupational neurotoxicology..."
-"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health"
Jos A. Valciukas is director of the Clinical Psychology Internship Program at the Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center in the Bronx, New York. He is the author of "Forensic Neuropsychology: Conceptual Foundations and Clinical Practice," and is a former managing editor of the journal "Environmental Research."

Contents:
What is an expert witness?; so you want to be an expert; the attorney-expert relationship; what do you offer the attorney?; reports - to be or not to be?; how much are they paying you for your testimony?; play acting; can you determine cause? now the deposition; the courtroom, the judge and the jury; the trial comes eventually; nature of the attack on you; the aftermath.

The need to understand the biological processes that are important for essential aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem function has prompted much research into the field of ecological enzymology. This book presents the two broad areas of application in a compilation of reviews by 21 international experts in their respective fields. The first explores enzymatic activities to assess the processes or mechanisms that operate in a given system, such as the rhizosphere, plant leaves and shoots, soil surfaces, and biofilms. The second considers enzymes or microbial cells as sensors to detect microbial activity and stresses due to pollution, management, or climatic change in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.

Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals provides the reader with an up-to-date account of the different strategies currently in use or in development for assessing the ecotoxicity of xenobiotics against these social insects which play a key role in both ecology and agriculture. In addition to the classical acute laboratory test, semi-field cage tests and full field funnel tests, new tests based mainly on behavioural responses are for the first time clearly described. Information on the direct and indirect effects on honey bees of radionuclides, heavy metals, pesticides, semi-volatile organic compounds and genetically modified plants is also presented.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203218655

Contents:
1. Antioxidant Nutrients and Protection From Free Radicals M. Doyle and M. Pariza 2. Carotenoids and Health Risk E. Kraczek and J. Erdman 3. The Role of Nutrients in Detoxification Mechanisms K. Netter 4. Foods Derived From Genetically Modified Crop Plants R. Fuchs 5. Allergic Reactions and Food Intolerances S. Taylor and S. Hefle 6. Ethanol Toxicity and Nutritional Status H. Seitz and P. Suter 7. Interactions Between Foods, Nutritional Supplements and Drugs J. Thomas and R. Cotter 8. Phytosterols in Human Health D. Kritchevsky 9. Threshhold of Regulation: A Unifying Concept in Food Safety Assessment W. Flamm, F. Kotsonis and J. Hjelle 10. Biotechnology-derived and Novel Foods: Safety Approaches and Regulations G. Speijers 11. Safety Effectiveness and Labelling of Self Care Products R. Soller 12. Functional Foods: Regulatory and Scientific Considerations M. Mackey and F. Kotsonis 13. Estimation of Food Chemical Intake D. Tennant and N, Rees 14. Post Marketing Surveillance in the Food Industry: the Aspartame Case Study H. Butchko and W. Stargel 15. Regulation of Flavour Ingredients G. Burdock 16. Food Irradiation P. Elias 17. Carcinogens M. McClain

In spite of the growing importance of Species Sensitivity Distribution models (SSDs) in ecological risk assessments, the conceptual basis, strengths, and weaknesses of using them have not been comprehensively reviewed. This book fills that need. Written by a panel of international experts, Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology reviews the current SSD methods from all angles, compiling for the first time the variety of contemporary applications of SSD-based methods.

Beginning with an introduction to SSDs, the chapter authors review the issues surrounding SSDs, synthesizing the positions of advocates and critics with their own analysis of each issue. Finally, they discuss the prospects for future development, paving the way for improved future uses. In sum, this book defines the field of SSD modeling and application. It reveals a lively field, with SSD-applications extending beyond legally adopted quality criteria to other applications such as Life-Cycle Analysis.

For anyone developing or revising environmental criteria or standards, this book explores the pros and cons of using the SSD approach. For anyone who needs to apply and interpret SSD-based criteria or standards, the book explains the basis for the numbers, thereby making it possible to correctly apply and defend them. For anyone performing ecological risk assessments, the book covers when and how to use SSDs including alternative assumptions, data treatments, computational methods, and available resources. Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology provides you with a clear picture of these standard models for estimating ecological risks from laboratory toxicity data.

With contributions from world-renowned experts in the field, this book explores developments in the transport kinetics, seasonal cycling, accumulation, geochemistry, transformation, and toxicology of arsenic. It details advances in the prevention and control of arsenic and arsenic compounds in the air, soil, and water and offers analytical methods for the detection and study of arsenic in the environment and human body. Providing bioremediation techniques for effective treatment of contaminated water supplies, the book discusses factors that influence the removal of arsenic from water as well as diurnal and seasonal variations in the arsenic concentration of surface water supplies.

Plants depend for their survival on physiological mechanisms with which to combat adverse environmental conditions, such as pathogen attack, wounding, drought, cold, freezig, salt, UV, intense light, hevy metals, and SO2. Many of these cause excess production of active oxygen species in plant cells. Plants in turn have evolved complex defence systems against such oxidative stress. The study of these mechanisms has become a fast-moving, topical firld of importance to many biologists studying the effect of the environment on living organisms.
Written and edited by world-leading scientists, Oxidative Stress in Plants reviews the current knowledge of the mechanisms by which various biotic and abiotic environmental stress conditions produce oxygen eadicals. The biochemistry and molecular biology of both non-enzymatic (Vitamin C; Glutathione) and enzymatic systems which eliminate active oxygen species are considered in detail. In addition, the book discusses evidence that active oxygen species and antioxidants act as signals which trigger defence reactions.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203303148

REAL-LIFE CASES, TUTORIAL QUESTIONS, NARRATIVE HISTORY

Intriguing anecdotal pedagogy, like the alleged arsenical poisonings of Napoleon and President Taylor and the probable mercury overdose of Isaac Newton, is one of the things that set Toxicology: A Case-Oriented Approach apart from other toxicology texts. Based on an undergraduate-graduate combined toxicology course at West Chester University, this innovative text captures readers' interest by combining modern case studies, historical cases, and hundreds of illustrations and tables. Each chapter presents several case scenarios that involve the reader with questions about diagnosis, testing methods, treatment, and other pertinent information.

TOXICOLOGY FOR THE LABORATORY AND THE EMERGENCY ROOM

In an easy-to-read style, this book covers the major organ systems and reviews the effects of toxins in each system. Most contemporary books are almost entirely clinical or entirely analytical. Toxicology: A Case-Oriented Approach treats each area extensively to benefit students and professionals who need to know aspects of both. It describes diagnosis and treatment of each specific poisonous exposure and discusses chemical basis and the laboratory testing of toxins. This dual perspective, coupled with the book's interesting narrative approach, lets readers quickly absorb the information they need to understand toxicology in the laboratory and in the Emergency Department.

This practical resource provides toxicolgists and scientists with essential information on the regulations that govern the context and the content of their jobs and products. The book also covers the scientific and historical underpinnings of those regulations. Each chapter provides a grounding in the historical events that led to the development of original legislation and major subsequent changes in legislation. The major administrative divisions for regulatory agencies and their main missions and responsibilities are also detailed, as are the basic filing units or documents the agencies require of individuals to meet goals.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203165594

Addressing the numerous gaps in current information, Target Organ Toxicology in Marine and Freshwater Teleosts is an essential resource for researchers and professionals in aquatic toxicology and environmental risk assessment.
All the chapters are written by researchers who are internationally recognised for their work in mechanistic aspects of aquatic toxicology. Each chapter focuses on a specific target organ or physiological system and describes how various agents disrupt the normal physiological system and processes. This volume provides coverage of toxic effects in the central nervous, immune, neurobehavioural and reproductive systems as well as describing general mechanisms of toxicity. The companion volume, Organs, is devoted to specific organs with coverage of the gill, kidney, skin, liver and gut.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203361415

Contents:
1. Introduction. 2. Determination of Metals in Soils. 3. Determination of Metals in Non-Saline Sediments. 4. Determination of Metals in Marine Sediments. 5. Determination of Metals in Estuarine Sediments. 6. Determination of Metals in Sludges. 7. Determination of Anions in Soil. 8. Determination of Anions in Non-Saline Sediments. 9. Determination of Anions in Sludges 10. Sampling Procedures. 11. Accumulation Processes in Sediments. 12. Disposal of Wastes to Land. 13. Relationship between Metal Content of Soil and Crops Grown on Soil. Index.

Addressing the numerous gaps in current information, Target Organ Toxicology in Marine and Freshwater Teleosts is an essential resource for researchers and professionals in aquatic toxicology and environmental risk assessment.
All the chapters are written by researchers who are internationally recognised for their work in mechanistic aspects of aquatic toxicology. Each chapter focuses on a specific target organ or physiological system and describes how various agents disrupt the normal physiological system and processes. This volume is devoted to specific organs with coverage of the gill, kidney, skin, liver and gut. The companion volume, Systems, provides coverage of toxic effects in the central nervous, immune, neurobehavioural and reproductive systems as well as describing general mechanisms of toxicity.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203361407