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Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Biochemistry > Toxicology (non-medical)
Ecotoxicology offers a comprehensive overview of the science underpinning the recognition and management of environmental contamination. It describes the toxicology of environmental contaminants, the methods used for assessing their toxicity and ecological impacts, and approaches employed to mitigate pollution and ecological health risks globally. Chapters cover the latest advances in research, including genomics, natural toxins, endocrine disruption and the toxicology of radioactive substances. The second half of the book focuses on applications, such as cradle-to-grave effects of selected industries, legal and economic approaches to environmental regulation, ecological risk assessment, and contaminated site remediation. With short capsules written by invited experts, numerous case studies from around the world and further reading lists, this textbook is designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate one-semester courses. It is also a valuable reference for graduate students and professionals. Online resources for instructors and students are also available.
Since the discovery of Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) or Glutathione transferase, studies have probed important questions about its pharmacological and physiological significance. Toxicology of Glutathione Transferases is the only text that details the methods used in GST research. With chapters written by experts who have been involved in all areas of GST research and have actively contributed to the progress of this field, the book describes the role of GSTs in toxicology, focusing on their pharmacologic and physiologic roles and their relevance to biological toxicology. The book provides current information on gene families, structure and regulation of gene expression, reaction mechanisms and substrates, three-dimensional structures of GSTs, design of proteins with GST activity, and various approaches to developing inhibitors that overcome drug resistance. It also covers the physiological significance and the mechanisms of activation of microsomal GSTs. carcinogens and possible implications of GST polymorphism in human health and disease, make the volume useful to researchers in the field of pharmacology and toxicology. Chapters cover the possible and exciting role of GSTs in defense mechanisms against chronic oxidative stress-linked disorders such as atherosclerosis and the newly emerging area of GST-mediated modulation of stress-signaling through its catalytic as well as binding activities. They explore an intriguing hypothesis that strongly suggests an important role of the factors that modulate the GSH-electrophile conjugate (GS-E) homeostasis in the regulation of cellular processes. Chapters on known and potential endogenous electrophilic substrates and a major role of GSTs in suppressing stress-induced lipid peroxidation reinforce this newly emerging role of GSTs. These are just a few of the features that make the book helpful to clinicians involved in basic as well as translational research, particularly those studying oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases.
Highlighting the latest advances in molecular biology, mathematical modeling, quantitative risk assessment, and biopharmaceutical development, this reference presents how current scientific applications and methods impact and revolutionize mainstream toxicological research. Presenting findings from disciplines that will impact the future of toxicology in years to come including proteomics, toxicogenomics, and metabonomics, this expertly conceived guide explores toxicological issues of particular world interest, such as toxicity of nanomaterials, military jet fuels, and genetically-modified foods.
During the recent decades, social, political and academic endeavours have been made to improve environmental quality and reduce pollution. In particular, the ocean, sea and coastal areas show varying degrees of impact from the multiple human activities carried out in the terrestrial as well as in the aquatic environment. Ecology is a science which studies the relationship between organisms and the surrounding environment and in the modern era, the marine world is getting increasing attention. For centuries it has been the final reservoir of human garbage; later it became an oil farm with a concomitant increase of coastal population growth and unplanned growth of the fishing industry and the increasing use of sea routes for cargo transport and recreational uses (cruises). All this led to rising contamination with negative effects on biota and even human health. It is then imperative to know the current situation of the world's oceans: that is the main purpose of this book, to document at a glance the latest research in the field of ocean pollution.
This sixth volume in this established series deals with the
biochemical responses of fish to different environmental/ecological
factors. Environmental Toxicology captures vital issues affecting
the responses of fish to the chemical surroundings of their
environment. Chapters included in this volume identify the systems
found in fish to deal with xenobiotics, hormonal interactions
initiated in the presence of these chemicals, the unique mechanisms
used by fish to adjust to the present chemicals, and the new and
evolving mixtures of chemicals in their environment. Also included,
is a crucial review of the new methods being applied in fish
systems to understand the effects of xenobiotics to fish fitness -
a key theme in environmental health and critical to the future of
fish populations.
This monograph summarizes the current knowledge on potential health hazards induced by nanomaterials from different sources and sort such as food, drugs and silver nanoparticles. Methods to assess toxicity as well as known effects on the genome, neuronal and respiratory system are discussed. Besides the impact on human and animal life the books also addresses aquatic toxicity.
This book aims to set out the political, social, legal and scientific underpinning of risk assessment and risk management for toxic substances. It describes the principles and processes the practitioners undertake when looking at the regulatory risk implications of their work.
This book focuses on an important aspect of the methods in laboratory animal inhalation toxicology. It is targeted to students in toxicology programs and scientists contemplating performing inhalation studies.
Due to the high degree of biological similarity between primates and humans, monkeys and apes have been used successfully in medical research for many decades. Medical Primatology: History, Biological Foundations and Applications provides a comprehensive summary linking the use of monkeys and apes in biomedical research to their kinship with humans. The book begins by discussing the history of this research, and then focuses on the biological foundations upon which medical primatology has been built. Primate taxonomy and evolution are reviewed, using not only traditional sources of data, but also recent experimental evidence from molecular biology, genetics, and biomedicine that indicates the need to place higher simians in the family of man. Condensing a broad range of scientific literature into one volume, this will be a useful reference for specialists in the biological sciences and medicine, as well as researchers involved in biological, anthropological, biomedical, clinical, and pharmacological research on primates.
Compiling knowledge gained through more than 50 years of experience in environmental engineering technology, this book illustrates the application of fundamental concepts in microbiology to provide a sound basis for the design and operation of various biological systems used in solving environmental challenges in the air, water, and soil. Environmental Pollution Control Microbiology emphasizes the quantitative relationships of microbial growth and metabolism, beginning an examination of the overall metabolism and resulting growth of bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, rotifers, and other microorganisms and explains how bacteria bring about the stabilization of biodegradable organic pollutants.
First Published in 1977, this set offers a comprehensive guide into the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for environmental health professionals, toxicologists, and other practitioners in their respective fields.
First Published in 1977, this set offers a comprehensive guide into the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for environmental health professionals, toxicologists, and other practitioners in their respective fields.
Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities III contains selected papers presented at the 5th edition of the International Conference Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities, that took place on 3-6 September 2019, in Costa da Caparica, Portugal. The Wastes conference, which takes place biennially, is a prime forum for sharing innovation, technological development and sustainable solutions for the waste management and recycling sectors around the world, counting with the participation of experts from academia and industry. The papers included in this book cover a wide range of topics, including: Wastes as construction materials; Wastes as fuels; Waste treatment technologies; MSW management; Recycling of wastes and materials recovery; Environmental, economic and social aspects in waste management; Life cycle assessment; Circular economy and wastes refineries; Logistics, policies, regulatory constraints and markets in waste management.
Molecular Toxicology is a concise introduction to the subject, taking the reader through the theoretical principles of toxicology followed by specific examples. In the first section, the concepts behind possible mechanisms of toxicity are described (e.g. the specific enzyme or receptor system) using examples where appropriate. Following this a series of examples are used to show the extension of concept into the real world, in an organ specific manner. The book concludes with a section outlining toxicity assessment methods, where the impact of molecular biology is having a considerable impact, including DNA microarrays, proteomics and bioinformatics. The Advanced Text series is designed for students taking advanced-level courses in life sciences, including final year undergraduates and taught MSc. Titles in this series will also be invaluable to researchers new to the field, and to established researchers as a basic reference.
Despite the esteemed nature of gold in society, evidence of adverse ecotoxicological effects and risk to human health in various mining and extraction techniques has generated increasing interest in the biological and environmental implications of gold. Biogeochemical, Health, and Ecotoxicological Perspectives on Gold and Gold Mining is the first comprehensive book to evaluate the effect of gold production and use on human health as well as the environmental impact of gold mining and extraction. Dr. Ronald Eisler, a well-known senior research biologist and expert in the chemical and biological effects of various compounds on wildlife, provides a thorough risk assessment of gold, including its geology and sources and physical, chemical, and metabolic properties. The author documents gold concentrations and field collections of abiotic materials and biota and presents research on the lethal and sublethal effects of gold on plants and animals. Supported by case histories, the book examines health risks in gold miners, human sensitivity to jewelry and dental implants, and medicinal uses. It uses examples in several countries to thoroughly explore the environmental effects of gold extraction, including tailings disposal, acid mine drainage, cyanide, arsenic, and mercury contamination, water management issues, and abandoned mines. Unlike traditional risk assessments, the author also takes into account social, political, economic, medicinal, and psychological variables for a more complete perspective on gold's impact on health and the environment. Biogeochemical, Health, and Ecotoxicological Perspectives on Gold and Gold Mining concludes with a discussion on mining legislation, safety, and procedures.
Focusing on phytochemicals and their potential for drug discovery, this book offers a comprehensive resource on poisonous plants and their applications in chemistry and in pharmacology. Provides a comprehensive resource on phytotoxins, covering historical perspectives, modern applications, and their potential in drug discovery - Covers the mechanisms, benefits, risks and management protocols of phytotoxins in a scientific laboratory and the usefulness in drug discovery - Written and edited by leading researchers in phytochemistry, medicinal chemistry, analytical chemistry, toxicology, and more - Presents chapters in a carefully designed, clear order, making it an ideal resource for the academic researcher or the industry professional at any stage in their career Provides a comprehensive resource on phytotoxins, covering historical perspectives, modern applications, and their potential in drug discovery Covers the mechanisms, benefits, risks and management protocols of phytotoxins in a scientific laboratory and the usefulness in drug discovery Presents chapters in a carefully designed, clear order, making it an ideal resource for the academic researcher or the industry professional at any stage in their career
An understanding of the fate and behaviour of organic chemicals,
such as surfactants, in the environment is a prerequisite for the
sustainable development of human health and ecosystems. As
surfactants are being produced in huge amounts, it is important to
have a detailed knowledge about their lifetime in the environment,
their biodegradability in wastewater treatment plants and in
natural waters, and their ecotoxicity. Parameters relevant for the
assessment of long-term behaviour, such as interactions with
hormonal systems need to be understood to avoid unexpected adverse
effects to future generations of people and the environment.
However, the identification and quantification of commercial
surfactants in the environment is made more complicated and
cumbersome because they comprise of tens to hundreds of homologues,
oligomers and isomers of anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric
compounds.
Distilling the available knowledge on ethanol-induced liver damage and directly complementing the available bio-medical literature, Ethanol and the Liver covers pathogenic and clinical aspects of alcoholic liver disease. Providing broader coverage of the subject than any available monograph, the editors and their panel of experts relate basic science to pathogenesis and treatment modalities and explore future developments. Coverage includes: Histopathology-fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis Ethanol metabolism and its consequences Mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ALD, including genetics, immunology, and insulin-like growth factors Extrahepatic effects of ALD and the role of alcohol in potentiating liver damage due to other etiologies Interaction of alcohol with viral hepatitis Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment Management strategies, including transplantation The vast amount of knowledge and expertise gathered in this book make it an unparalleled resource.
The biological importance of selenium has been firmly established by scientists for its intricate roles in various biochemical and physiological mechanisms related to animal and human health. To evaluate different facets of selenium in today's complex environment and to provide a worldwide platform for multi-disciplinary selenium researchers, the 6th International Conference on Selenium in the Environment and Human Health was held from 27 to 30 October 2019 in Yangling/Xi'an, China. This proceedings volume brings together 103 extended abstracts prepared by contributors from academia, industry, and governmental agencies in 18 countries, including some most recent research findings among different selenium research disciplines from cell molecular and plant biology, geochemistry, biofortification, to environmental and health management. Selenium researchers worldwide provide extraordinary new knowledge on selenium in the peer-reviewed texts contained within this book.
With growing interest in the safety of foods, knowledge of food toxicology is gaining more importance every day. Introduction to Toxicology and Food provides a concise overview of both the science of toxicology and food toxicology. It presents easy-to-understand explanations of the concepts and principles of toxicology as a science, the toxicants found in foods, and naturally occurring antitoxic/anticarcinogenic substances in foods. It examines the uses, harmful effects, and safety aspects of a variety of toxicants, including natural toxicants, contaminants, and food additives.
This book provides a guide to the use and meaning of toxicological and ecological information in the paper industry. For example, the information provided by suppliers of paper chemicals to paper mills is analysed in detail. This allows for greater understanding by users and therefore awareness of the possible implications of handling a given chemical with respect to its impact on the working environment, the final product and the environment beyond the mill. The information currently available is collected, summarised and systematised so that users bombarded with inconsistent Safety Data Sheets can make intelligent use of them or can ask sensible questions of their suppliers. Emphasis is on providing guidance on how to find a commercially realistic path between over evaluation and under evaluation of potential health and environmental risks.
With the growing prospect for germ warfare, environmental and
occupational neurotoxicology has come center stage. This is a
multidisciplinary science dealing with the study of chemical
compounds found in the environment or workplace that have
deleterious effects on the nervous system and behavior of humans.
The ultimate goal of this science is the understanding of their
toxicity with the aim of preventing illness and suffering. Prior to
the original publication of this work in 1991, this subject has
never been viewed as a distinct body of knowledge; over ten years
later it remains the premier text of its field.
The need to understand the biological processes that are important for essential aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem function has prompted much research into the field of ecological enzymology. This book presents the two broad areas of application in a compilation of reviews by 21 international experts in their respective fields. The first explores enzymatic activities to assess the processes or mechanisms that operate in a given system, such as the rhizosphere, plant leaves and shoots, soil surfaces, and biofilms. The second considers enzymes or microbial cells as sensors to detect microbial activity and stresses due to pollution, management, or climatic change in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. |
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