The joint workshop between the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society ofCardiovascular Surgery, held October 14-15, 1983 in Innsbruck, Austria, was a unique event. The idea originated in Atlanta, 1982, with C. Hahn and was supported by V. Bjork and N. Browse. H. Denolin and F. Loogen brought added impact from the European Society of Cardiology. The joint workshop specifically emphasized new trends and controversies in coronary artery surgery. The contri- butions appearing in this edition were selected by a scientific committee: H. Deno- lin, H. Kraft-Kinz, F. Unger, F. Loop, L. Cohn, F. Loogen, P. Lichtlen, T. Killip, and F.Kaindl. The specific aim was to evaluate controversial review points in coronary artery surgery. These were covered in six discussions and in nine forums with slide presen- tations. The topics were: 1. Indications for coronary artery surgery 2. Graft patency and long-term results 3. New operative techniques 4. Myocardial preservation and anesthetic management 5. Combined procedures 6. Long-term follow-up Coronary artery surgery is a model for comprehensive cardiology, whereby sur- gery serves as a link between diagnosis and rehabilitation. Because coronary artery surgery has become a routine procedure with standardized techniques, the demand is increasing dramatically as reflected by enormous waiting lists. Hospital mortality can be kept under 1 %, so that the value of this operation can also be discussed with regard to its social and economic aspects. In the majority of cases, patients improve and finally retum to work, finding life most enjoyable again.

Since the last meeting "Myocardial Biopsy - Diagnostic Signifi cance" was held under the auspices of the International Society and Federation of Cardiology (ISFC) in Munich, many new data and new aspects have been developed in the field of myocardial dis eases. Most importantly, the classification of cardiomyopathies and specific heart muscle diseases, as described in the report of the WHO-ISFC task force (see reference 1 in the Introduction), is now widely accepted as a basis for clinical practice and scientific work. Investigators from all over the world have again assembled un der the auspices of the ISFC at an international workshop on viral heart disease and its implications with regard to congestive cardio myopathy, which was held in Munich January 1983. This book con tains the significant results of the workshop. For practical use, the authors have incorporated important points made in the discussions into their contributions and a subject index has been provided. First of all I should like to thank Professor Riecker, Director of the Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Grol3hadern, University of Mu nich, West Germany. Without his friendly support in many aspects, this meeting would not have been possible. I should like to thank Professor Goodwin and Dr. Olsen from the ISFC for their active participation and advice in organizing the meeting. Last but not least, I am particularely grateful to all the contributors, whose co operation has made this book possible."

Mankind in the second half of the twentieth century has encountered a number of social and economic problems, which, as never before, determine its future. Among the main problems facing medicine, meriting distinction is organization of the struggle against the increase of cardiovascular and oncological diseases which, with the birthrate, are the main demographic indices of our planet. According to the World Health-Organization, the deathrate from diseases of the cardiovascular system has risen by 60% in recent years, and there has been a sharp increase of myocardial infarctions and cases of sudden death in young people aged 25-30. The "geography" of heart and blood vessel diseases has changed: a dramatic increase of morbidity has been recorded in rural regions, and in districts where 10-20 years ago the native population was practically unaffected by atherosclerosis. Diseases of the cardiovascular system have become widespread among women as well as men. Cardiovascular diseases tax the national economy: they are responsible for over half the mortality among people at the prime of their productive life. More than 50% of temporary disability is also accounted for by ischemic heart disease, hypertension, stroke, etc.

Microcirculation is a rather new field which has been of predominant interest to basic scientists, linking togeth~r technical, hemodynamic, and biochemical aspects. The fmdings elaborated, however, are not only of theoretical interest, but bear in addition great clinical implications. In clinical cardiology this became quite evident by the use of tracers in order to study myocardial perfuSion and by the deSCription of certain clinical entities - such as angina with normal coro nary arteries - which are best explained by "disturbed microcirculation". With respect to this new developing theoretical and clinical field of cardiac microcirculation it was the aim of the Microcirculation Working Group of the European Society of Cardiology to have a symposium on which all different but clinically relevant aspects of cardiac microcirculation will be covered. This symposium, held in Heidelberg in January 1980, was planned not only for the exchange of concepts and ideas, but was expected to be in addition partially a teaching session; the basic scientists should be directed toward a better under standing of the clinical problems, and the clinicians should learn more about the basic mechanisms regulating substrate and ion exchange in such an impor tant organ as the heart, and furthermore the theoretical limitations of some of the diagnostic and therapeutical procedures should be taught. Without a lot of help we would never have succeeded in organizing the sym posium and editing its results.

The International Congresses of Angiology have had a 25-year tradition. Let us remember the 10 previous International Congresses, the first of which took place in Paris in 1952. On this occasion a stimulus for the foundation of the International Union, "Union Internationale d Angeiologie" came into existence. The period of 25 years is lon.qenough to evaluate the scientific progress which has been made in diagnosis, therapy and prevention of vascular diseases. Proceedings of the previous International Congresses of Angiology became attractive resources for scientific information in libraries all over the world. They represent really historic documents of remarkable development of angiology and wittness successful international cooperation in the settlement of serious medical problems of the twentieth century. The Proceedings of the XI. International Congress of Angiology held in Prague 1978 under the stimulating title "Adaptability of Vascular Wall" contains 284 original papers dealing with scientific and clinical research in arterial, venous and lymphatic circulation. The papers are incorporated into 12 chapters according to the main topics. In the first sections the questions of atherogenesis and thrombogenesis are discussed with regard to the adaptability of vascular wall in various metabolic, immunobiologic, and hemodynamic disorders. In the further sections attention is paid to new procedures in investigation, treatment, and prevention of arterial, venous, and lymphatic diseases. Peri pheral microangiopathies, renovascular hypertension, and coronary circulation represent another part."

The first cardiovascular operation in Duesseldorf, a ligation of an open ductus arteriosus (Botallo), was performed in 1938 by E. K. Frey. During the Second World War and the subsequent years many difficulties hindered cardiovascular surgery in Duesseldorf. However, it was resumed on 3 May 1949 by Prof. Ernst Derra, again by ligating an open ductus arteriosus. This was the starting pOint of the successful cooperation between the cardiological and surgical working groups - the "birthday" of the Duesseldorf Heart Centre. Further highlights in cardiac surgery were the introduction of open heart surgery by means of surface-cool- ing hypothermia (9 February 1955) and extracorporeal circulation (21 February 1959) . In addition to cardiac catheterization and surgery in patients with acquired and congenital heart disease, the diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias was one of the focal points of the centre. On 3 October 1961 the first pacemaker was implanted in a patient with a third-degree AV-block after he had been treated using an external device for about 1 year. In recent years interest has increasingly turned to the tachy- arrhythmias. Close cooperation between the medical and surgical teams made possible the application of new pacing techniques for the treat- ment of tachycardia. In patients with intractable arrhythmias, surgical interventions were made to eliminate the "focus" of the arrhythmia. In the past 2 years intraoperative electrophysiologic studies (endo-cardi- al and epicardial mapping) were applied to enhance the success of the surgical procedures.

The Royal College of Surgeons' of England two-day "definitive surgical trauma skills course" is run by the authors. The course began in 1997 but a new syllabus has recently been put in place.The focus is on thoracic ,abdominal and vascular injuries, caused by both penetrating trauma, such as a knife, and ballistic trauma caused by guns.This Manual accompanies the course and it's aim is to "demystify the body" and show how to control massive blood loss. Interventions, whether they be military or civilian, are descrbed in full, and techniques derived from the battlefield and world-wide hotspots in trauma -are exemplified within this book.

Since the publication of the first edition 15 years ago, vascular surgery has been transformed into a new speciality incorporating endovascular surgery and techniques. These innovations are detailed in this much anticipated second edition.

Like the first edition, this new edition of "A History of Vascular Surgery" paints engaging portraits of the surgeons and scientists whose ideas and practices undelie, and continue to influence, vascular surgery as we know it today. Written for the practioner and student alike, the second edition provides an in-depth, accessible history of this rapidly changing field.
Engaining accounts of the individuals who shaped the field of vascular surgery
Explanations of the latest development, inlcuding the incorporation od endovascular procedures
New chapters on the early history of vascular surgery

From its initial clinical use, over 28 years ago, to its current extensive use (over 100,000 times annually in the US alone), balloon pump equipment has developed into sophisticated, computer--assisted technology for mechanically aiding circulation. This book fully and clearly explains the function and clinical application of IABP in various clinical conditions. In addition, it reviews all the new achievements and complications of balloon pumping, such as percutaneous sheathless balloon catheter insertion and the addition of various control and alarm systems to the drive console to assure patient safety. Because the effective clinical application of IABP involves more than familiarity with the device and implications for its use, Dr Bolooki also discusses the causes of cardiac failure and its pathophysiology; the reversibility of ventricular dysfunction; and the other assist devices frequently used in conjunction with IABP in cases of severe cardiac failure. Recent IABP studies that evaluated the effect of this device on short-- and long--term patient survival -- and on the extent of myocardial salvage after ischemia or infarction -- are also included in this extensively updated and expanded third edition.

Vascular surgery and endovascular surgery are both modalities to treat vascular disease. Endovascular describes a minimally invasive approach commonly done through needle puncture and a sheath. Traditional vascular surgery is more invasive and involves incisions, which is more surgical in nature. This book provides vascular surgeons and trainees with the latest advances and techniques in vascular and endovascular surgery. Divided into seventeen sections the book covers procedures for numerous vascular disorders including lower limb ischemia, vascular graft infection, cancer-associated thrombosis, vascular leg ulcers, varicose veins and many more. Separate chapters discuss anaesthesia and ethical choices in vascular surgery. The comprehensive text is further enhanced by more than 200 clinical photographs, diagrams and tables to assist learning. Key points Comprehensive guide to latest advances and techniques in vascular and endovascular surgery Covers procedures for numerous different vascular disorders Includes discussion on anaesthesia and ethical choices in vascular surgery Features more than 200 images, diagrams and tables

With authoritative coverage of everything from recent discoveries in the field of vascular biology to recent clinical trials and evidence-based treatment strategies, Vascular Medicine, 3rd Edition, is your go-to resource for improving your patients' cardiovascular health. Part of the Braunwald family of renowned cardiology references, this updated volume integrates a contemporary understanding of vascular biology with a thorough review of clinical vascular diseases, making it an ideal reference for vascular medicine specialists, general cardiologists, interventional cardiologists, vascular surgeons, and interventional radiologists. Incorporates technologic advances in vascular imaging - including ultrasound, MRI, CTA, and catheter-based angiography - along with more than 230 new figures, providing an up-to-date and complete view of the vascular system and vascular diseases. Covers novel antithrombotic therapies for peripheral artery disease and venous thromboemboism, advances in endovascular interventions for aortic aneurysms, and today's best surgical treatments for vascular diseases. Includes seven new chapters: Pathobiology of Aortic Aneurysms; Pathobiology and Assessment of Cardiovascular Fibrosis; Large Vessel Vasculitis; Medium and Small Vessel Vasculitis; Epidemiology and Prognosis of Venous Thromboembolic Disease; Fibromuscular Dysplasia; and Dermatologic Manifestations of Vascular Disease. Discusses methods for aggressive patient management and disease prevention to ensure minimal risk of further cardiovascular problems. Keeps you current with ACC/AHA and ECC guidelines and the best ways to implement them in clinical practice. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase, which allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices

The goal of Endovascular Skills: Guidewire and Catheter Skills for Endovascular Surgery has always been to provide a "step-by-step" approach to techniques and procedures that comprise one of the most exciting and rapidly developing specialties in medicine today: minimally invasive management of vascular disease. Endovascular technique has gone from being a novelty to a mainstay of vascular care and this edition of Endovascular Skills has been revised and expanded to reflect these changes. This book serves as a "how-to" guide for endovascular intervention and aims to assist clinicians in the development and refinement of skills that are now essential to vascular practice. The book introduces readers to strategy, vascular access, guidewire-catheter handling, and arteriography in a multitude of vascular beds. The knowledge base builds as the text progresses in much the same manner that the skill of the professional builds as experience is gained by performing more complex cases and managing complicated patterns of disease. The chapters progress to all aspects of endovascular therapy, including sheath access, balloon angioplasty, stents, and other treatment modalities.

Providing a practical, current, evidence-based approach to all aspects of perioperative care for the patient with vascular disease, Vascular Anaesthesia is an essential read for all vascular anaesthetists, anaesthetic nurses and anyone else involved in the care of vascular patients throughout the world. Vascular Anaesthesia summarizes current knowledge, particularly on interventional procedures (radiological, diagnostic, and surgical). This book also equips the trainee anaesthetist with the scientific and clinical knowledge to pass the Final FRCA examination. It enables doctors to approach vascular surgical patients with a firm understanding of a particular procedure, particularly its risks and options for perioperative management based on current best practice. The management of the patient with vascular disease is evolving rapidly: this indispensible poket reference is of sufficient detail to update the regular and occasional vascular anaesthetist with current best practice for particular, common clinical scenarios. The book also equips the non-anaesthetic medical, nursing, and theatre staff with knowledge and understanding of all other aspects of perioperative care.

The Royal College of Surgeons' of England two-day "definitive surgical trauma skills course" is run by the authors. The course began in 1997 but a new syllabus has recently been put in place.The focus is on thoracic ,abdominal and vascular injuries, caused by both penetrating trauma, such as a knife, and ballistic trauma caused by guns.This Manual accompanies the course and it's aim is to "demystify the body" and show how to control massive blood loss. Interventions, whether they be military or civilian, are descrbed in full, and techniques derived from the battlefield and world-wide hotspots in trauma -are exemplified within this book.

The treatment and management of cardiovascular disease has seen rapid advances in recent years; as a trainee or practitioner of cardiovascular medicine, it can be difficult to find the time to stay abreast of recent updates in information. Unlike standard exhaustive text and reference titles, Essential Facts in Cardiovascular Medicine provides the most critical facts and clinical pearls of cardiovascular medicine, in a high-yield, concise, bulleted format that can fit in your pocket. Essential Facts in Cardiovascular Medicine is the perfect guide to enhance your cardiovascular knowledge, prepare for board examinations, and improve clinical practice. Essential Facts in Cardiovascular Medicine covers numerous important topics from the basics of Statistics, to factoids in General Cardiology, Physical Exam, EKG, Congenital Heart Disease, Valvular Heart Disease, Heart Failure/Transplant, Acute Coronary Syndromes, Pericardial Diseases, Electrophysiology, Pharmacology, Pregnancy, Pulmonary Hypertension, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Echocardiography, Formulas, Interventional Cardiology and Cardiac Tumors.

Now in full color, Handbook of Patient Care in Vascular Diseases is a concise quick-reference guide to effectively diagnosing and treating patients with common arterial and venous vascular diseases. Chapter by chapter, content is presented in a convenient online format, and covers everything from the latest diagnostic methodologies to current catheter-based basics to post-op patient management. Diseases and conditions include diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, obesity, and more. Emphasizes patient management and care rather than the technicalities of surgical interventions. Thoroughly updated, incorporating recent advancements in endovascular technologies and procedures. Disease-specific chapters cover pathophysiology, pre-op management, diagnosis, examination, procedural planning, and follow-up. Practical, no-nonsense writing style designed for easy and quick absorption of material. Includes management checklists, referenced to current literature, that facilitate efficient care planning and activities. Enhance Your eBook Reading Experience: Read directly on your preferred device(s), such as computer, tablet, or smartphone. Easily convert to audiobook, powering your content with natural language text-to-speech.

Despite the exponential growth in the use of peripheral CTA in the diagnosis and follow-up of vascular disease patients, practical sources from which to gain valuable expertise in this field remain scarce. There is becoming a great need for experts in the field of peripheral CTA, yet learning this imaging modality may be intimidating and time consuming. Very few if any, small, concise and portable books exist to ease training in this field and current books in this field are overwhelming, difficult to manage, text books that often combine CTA and MRI. A so called " how to manual" and reference guide to explain this technique from beginning to end, which compiles valuable, and difficult to obtain clinical pearls and descriptions of disease processes will be of tremendous value. The Peripheral CT Angiography Manual aims to make learning this intimidating technique and the diseases for which it applies simple and fun.

A vast choice of techniques and technology confronts today's interventional cardiologists, and those who are new to angioplasty need clear and practical guidance in order to develop good habits, avoid common pitfalls and complications, and become efficient and confident practitioners. This new book supplies a solid grounding in the basics of percutaneous techniques by providing selective, practical knowledge and a full range of useful tools and tips. Throughout, the authors follow the motto "keep it simple" and focus only on the information that will help the reader learn and master the relevant technique. The book is designed for ease of use in the cath lab or other situations where the reader needs to access information quickly.

This volume explores the latest techniques used to study the field of tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). The chapters in this book cover a wide array of topics such as deriving vascular cells from monocytes and induced pluripotent stem cells; engineering vascular grafts using various biomaterials and stem cells, stem cell-derived, or primary vascular cells; biomaterial modification by anticoagulation molecules; vascular bioengineering technologies such as 3D bioprinting; and fabrication of TEVGs with different geometry and multiphase structures. This book also features protocols for grafting and evaluation of vascular grafts in animal models, vascular imaging in animals, and the quantification of blood vessel permeability. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and practical, Vascular Tissue Engineering: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for biomedical engineers, cell biologists, vascular surgeons, doctors, and nurses.

This book presents a practical overview of the widely used endovascular treatment of arterial emergencies, covering the majority of cases encountered in praxis. Including a wealth of high-quality images of arterial emergencies and treatment descriptions, it provides readers with essential information and shares insights into endovascular options. However, the book focuses on presenting common arterial emergencies from diagnosis to treatment only, without exhaustively describing all endovascular options. The clinical cases explore thoracic arterial emergencies, followed by abdominal emergencies and peripheral arterial emergencies. Rare clinical cases are also examined. The book offers interventional radiologists, vascular surgeons and cardiologists, as well as residents in these disciplines, a valuable tool for use in their everyday clinical praxis.

Stroke is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and is a leading cause of adult disability and discharge from hospitals to chronic care facilities. Despite the frequency and morbidity of stroke, there is a relative paucity of "stroke experts" such as vascular neurologists and neurocritical care physicians to care for these patients. Often, cardiologists provide the majority of care. Clinical research in the diagnosis and treatment of stroke has grown exponentially over the past two decades so there is a great deal of new clinical information for attending physicians to absorb. Including evidence-based strategies, Ischemic Stroke closes the gap in stroke care by providing a cogent and intuitive guide for all physicians caring for stroke patients. Chapters include key topics such as: Emergent Evaluation of the Suspected Stroke Patient, Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Stroke, Mechanisms of Ischemic Stroke, Neuroimaging, Cardiac-Based Evaluation, Thrombolytic Therapy, Endovascular Therapy, Critical Care Management, Rehabilitation, Cardiac Arrhythmias, and Structural Heart Disease.

Vascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Distinguished clinical and surgical approaches have attempted to overcome its morbidity and mortality; still 17.9 million people die every year due to vascular affections. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Stem cells synthesize and secrete cytokines that promote cell recruitment, immunomodulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and neuroregeneration, all of which promote regeneration. Besides that, stem cells are also capable of differentiating in various cell types, being employed in tissue engineering. Preclinical and clinical investigations have reported efficacy of stem cell therapy for various vascular diseases. Even though results are encouraging, the studies demonstrate variation in stem cell type and origin, route and protocol for administration, and concomitant use of other treatment strategies, impairing easy interpretation of results and clinical application. The purpose of this book is to compile and comprise the current state of the evidence regarding stem cell therapy for each vascular disease, elucidating possible clinical applications. More than an objective guide for readers on the use of this novel treatment strategy, this publication will advocate for stem cell therapy use and development and will be of significant interest to physicians in a wide range of disciplines as well as researchers.

In this concise but authoritative book, the authors take the reader through the epidemiology, risk factors and the basic mechanism of coronary artery disease. In addition, they explain how coronary microvascular dysfunction can lead to angina, even after successful angioplasty following a heart attack. The methods for diagnosis and the options for treatment are explained, ending with a discussion of the evolution of coronary angioplasty from balloon catheters to novel, fully resorbable polymeric drug eluting stents. Enclosed is a list of currently available commercial devices, as well as a listing of experimental products under research and development, so that readers can appreciate the serious nature of this disease and have an understanding of how the medical device sector is attempting to address this major healthcare problem. Globally in 2010, ischemic heart disease was the cause of 13.3% of all deaths. In the US alone, the direct medical costs from coronary artery disease and stroke are currently estimated to be $126 billion per year, and are expected to rise to $309 billion by 2035.

Vascular surgery has experienced remarkable growth and diversification in the last decade, especially with its embracing the disruptive endovascular technological revolution. Vascular surgeons remain the only group of specialists capable of total treatment of patients with vascular disease, providing medical, minimally invasive, and surgical therapy. Although vascular surgeons practice in all areas of the world, practice patterns in different areas naturally have both similarities and differences that reflect both regional patterns of disease, genetic characteristics of local peoples, cultural preferences for treatment, local political and economic situations, different access to resources and devices, as well as different training paradigms. Thus, the practice of vascular surgery has diversified and evolved in parallel in many areas, converging and diverging in many ways. Vascular Surgery: A Global Perspective provides the first review and comparison of the diversity of vascular surgery practice around the world. The book is grouped according to common vascular diseases such as aneurysmal and occlusive arterial disease, as well as venous and lymphatic disease and dialysis access. Each major disease topic includes multiple chapters written by expert specialists from around the world, each discussing their local approach to the disease and its treatment. Similarly, the status of vascular surgery practice is addressed, including discussion of the influence of payment systems on practice, patient access to the internet for information, training paradigms, and the legal system including malpractice. This textbook provides the first worldwide summary of the care of patients with vascular disease and will be of interest to a wide audience including vascular surgeons, vascular medical specialists, cardiologists, radiologists, internists, and family practice physicians.