Stroke is the second leading cause of death and major cause of long-term disability, directly impacting the quality of life, worldwide. Strokes with more rare, and unknown causes unfortunately receive little to no attention due to the heterogeneity of disorders and a poor understanding of clinical features. There are considerable variations in the etiology of this rare sub-category of stroke; requiring heightened clinical awareness for recognition, evaluation and treatment. This book provides up-to-date guidance, through case reports concisely summarised by global leaders in the field describing the diagnosis and treatment of rare causes of stroke, from vasculitis, hypercoagulable states, hereditary and genetic factors, cardioembolism, vasculopathies, venous occlusive conditions to bone disorders. Offering practical advice and algorithms, this book aids the clinician in establishing an accurate diagnosis through detailed evaluation of such patients, leading to an early diagnosis improving risk assessment and family counselling.

50 Studies every Vascular Surgeon Should Know presents key studies that have shaped the practice of Vascular Surgery. Selected using a rigorous methodology, the studies cover topics including carotid artery disease, aortic aneurysm, peripheral artery disease, trauma, venous disease and vascular access. For each study, a concise summary is presented with an emphasis on the results and limitations of the study, and its implication for practice. An illustrative clinical case concludes each review to highlight the impact of the study on clinical practice. This book is a must read for vascular surgeons, especially those in training and preparing for board exams, as well as anyone who wants to learn more about the data behind clinical practice.

Using an easy-to-read, user-friendly format and hundreds of review questions that facilitate effective studying, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery: A Comprehensive Review, 9th Edition, contains the essential information you need for exam success and daily reference. Dr. Wesley Moore and a team of international experts cover everything from foundational concepts to the latest developments in the field, with each specialist providing a complete summary of a particular area of expertise. Extensive updates throughout the text keep you current with all that's new in this rapidly expanding field. Presents indications, techniques, and results of the spectrum of open vascular operations including carotid endarterectomy, repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm, aorto-femoral bypass, and infra-inguinal bypass, as well as management of varicose veins and deep venous occlusive disease. Contains hundreds of review questions for self-assessment and exam preparation, enhancing your study with superb, easy-to-follow illustrations: line drawings, photographs, duplex ultrasound, magnetic resonance angiography, CT angiography, and catheter-based contrast angiography. Discusses key topics such as catheter-based intervention, including endovascular repair of thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm, aorto-iliac and femoral-popliteal-tibial occlusive disease, and carotid artery stenting. Features five new chapters: Congenital Arterial Malformations; Atherectomy and Arterial Closure Devices; Carotid Body Tumors; Building a Hybrid Operating Suite including Robotic Capability; and Management of Venous Leg Ulcers. Provides up-to-date coverage of the increasingly important role of endovascular intervention in the vascular surgeon's practice. Details the latest medical management of vascular disease including treatment of hypertension, risk factor modification, and the use of anti-platelets, anti-coagulants, and statins. Expert ConsultT eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

The Royal College of Surgeons' of England two-day "definitive surgical trauma skills course" is run by the authors. The course began in 1997 but a new syllabus has recently been put in place.The focus is on thoracic ,abdominal and vascular injuries, caused by both penetrating trauma, such as a knife, and ballistic trauma caused by guns.This Manual accompanies the course and it's aim is to "demystify the body" and show how to control massive blood loss. Interventions, whether they be military or civilian, are descrbed in full, and techniques derived from the battlefield and world-wide hotspots in trauma -are exemplified within this book.

Historically, vascular disease has been treated by a combination of open surgical procedures and medical management. Since the first description of a percutaneous procedure to dilate diseased lower limb arteries, the treatment of vascular disease has changed. Endovascular Intervention for Vascular Disease: Principles and Practice offers a diverse and comprehensive review of the current status of endovascular therapy for peripheral vascular disease. Setting a gold-standard in industry, it describes the entire spectrum of current techniques and emerging technologies including aneurysm repair, the management of occlusive disease, and vascular trauma. Providing step-by-step guidance on arterial and venous interventions by anatomical site, the book collects expert discussions on recent clinical trials and procedures for venous disease, reconstruction, and repair. In addition to summarizing the current techniques and available evidence, it discusses likely future advances in the field, taking into consideration both the natural history of the disease and alternative therapies that may involve cell- or gene-based approaches.

Large intracranial lesions are among the most complex and dangerous lesions encountered by neurosurgeons, and a single neurosurgical approach often does not provide a large or safe enough corridor for effective treatment. A combined approach to these surgeries, incorporating open, endoscopic, vascular and keyhole techniques can be more successful. This comprehensive text describes in detail how to select the most appropriate approaches, as well as how to avoid any complications that may arise. High quality videos of the techniques described are available through an online version on Cambridge Core, accessible via the code printed on the inside of the cover. With over 150 colour images supporting the text, this is a definitive reference for anyone involved in intracranial tumor or vascular surgery.

This new book on vascular malformations brings together international experts to present advances and discuss controversies in the multidisciplinary management of patients with congenital vascular malformations. Major advances in recent years in medical genetics, and tremendous progress in the fields of imaging and minimally invasive percutaneous interventions have revolutionized both evaluation and management of vascular malformations. The six major parts of this state of the art book ensure that the reader has the most up to date valuable clinical information to ensure the delivery of world class clinical practice. Beautifully illustrated with color line drawings, numerous photographs and informative tables, the advances and controversies of the full spectrum of vascular malformations are presented in 90 definitive chapters. Vascular Malformations brings new information and unparalleled insights to vascular specialists and physicians, trainees and allied health professionals who participate in the care of patients with vascular malformations, either in a private practice setting or at a major institution in an interdisciplinary vascular center.

The field of vascular anomalies has grown rapidly in last 25 years. Molecular genetics has led to discovery of genes that cause vascular anomalies. Interventional radiology has become a major contributor to accurate diagnosis and management of previously untreatable disorders. New pharmacologic therapies are under investigation and surgical protocols have been established. Vascular Anomalies: Hemangiomas and Malformations is a comprehensive and interdisciplinary textbook ideal for dermatologists, interventional radiologists, surgical specialists, ophthalmologists, pathologists, geneticists, paediatricians, hematologic-oncologists, and vascular biologists. With a central motif of the biologic dichotomy of vascular tumors and vascular malformations, this book is organized into chapters which address clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, molecular genetics, pathogenesis, histopathology, and management of vascular anomalies. Generous, full-colour images compliment this extensive volume written by three colleagues and their teammates from Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, with leading specialists from other centers.

This book discusses geometric and mathematical models that can be used to study fluid and structural mechanics in the cardiovascular system. Where traditional research methodologies in the human cardiovascular system are challenging due to its invasive nature, several recent advances in medical imaging and computational fluid and solid mechanics modelling now provide new and exciting research opportunities. This emerging field of study is multi-disciplinary, involving numerical methods, computational science, fluid and structural mechanics, and biomedical engineering. Certainly any new student or researcher in this field may feel overwhelmed by the wide range of disciplines that need to be understood. This unique book is one of the first to bring together knowledge from multiple disciplines, providing a starting point to each of the individual disciplines involved, attempting to ease the steep learning curve. This book presents elementary knowledge on the physiology of the cardiovascular system; basic knowledge and techniques on reconstructing geometric models from medical imaging; mathematics that describe fluid and structural mechanics, and corresponding numerical/computational methods to solve its equations and problems. Many practical examples and case studies are presented to reinforce best practice guidelines for setting high quality computational models and simulations. These examples contain a large number of images for visualization, to explain cardiovascular physiological functions and disease. The reader is then exposed to some of the latest research activities through a summary of breakthrough research models, findings, and techniques. The book’s approach is aimed at students and researchers entering this field from engineering, applied mathematics, biotechnology or medicine, wishing to engage in this emerging and exciting field of computational hemodynamics modelling.

Endovascular neurosurgery is a recently introduced but rapidly evolving medical field, which uses minimally invasive interventions to treat major life-threatening vascular lesions of the Central Nervous System. Although its history counts less than 15 years of worldwide acceptance, it has rapidly displaced the traditional open neurosurgical techniques, being nowadays the first treatment choice for brain aneurysms and vascular malformations. Thus, the experience of each neuroendovascular center and performer is invaluable, offering the base for learning and teaching the new generation of interventionalists as well as for the evolvement of the method itself. This book presents the basic principles of endovascular neurosurgery starting from clinical cases. Through this close-to-clinical-reality-process, the reader will be able to more thoroughly understand the pathophysiology of the brain and spine vascular lesions as well as the decision-making strategy, related to the indications, endovascular methods and results, finding suggestions and solutions to his/her clinical questions and problems. Besides chapters devoted to CNS vascular embryology and anatomy, clinical cases organized in groups based on the treated lesions are introduced: ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysms of the anterior and posterior circulation, side-wall and bifurcation aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations (AVM), dural arteriovenous fistulae (dAVF), arterial stenosis and angioplasty as well as spinal vascular lesions. A separate chapter is devoted to the organization and necessary equipment of the angio room and the department offering neuroendovascular service. This volume will be of interest to neurosurgeons, interventional neuroradiologists, vascular surgeons, neurologists and ICU physicians as well as health care providers who are involved in the diagnosis and management of the vascular lesions of the brain and spine.

This book is designed to provide the practicing interventionist with a comprehensive list of procedural reports that covers the vast majority of the currently performed interventional procedures outside the cardiac system. It offers up-to-date explanatory notes, synopsis of the indications, contraindications and potential complications in an organized and practical format that follows the various body systems and progresses from the simple image guided FNA to the most complex procedures and incorporates the current societal guidelines. The book is divided for ease of reference into three main parts: Non vascular, Vascular and Neurovascular interventions. This information is not currently available in any single publication. The text provides residents, fellows as well as staff members with a quick, detailed and user-friendly resource for documentation of image-guided interventional procedures that will facilitate their tasks, improve the standard of documentation and reduce errors. The text can serve as a valuable tool for a quick review prior to a procedure or in preparation for an oral board certifying examination. The entries are vetted by recognized experts in the field of image-guided intervention. Procedural Dictations in Image-Guided Intervention: Non-Vascular, Vascular & Neuro Interventions covers the vast majority of the currently practiced image-guided interventions in the various body systems. This information is supported by up-to-date references and international guidelines. This book is a must-have for residents and fellows undergoing training and all specialists in image-guided intervention.

This SpringerBrief analyzes varicocele from a novel approach, and provides the reader with a comprehensive view of its scientific and clinical significance. The Brief covers all the important aspects of varicocele related to infertility, from epidemiology to assisted reproduction techniques, contemplating pathophysiology, semen analysis, specialized sperm function tests, and clinical management including all available treatment options form three distinct perspectives, i.e., current concepts, consensus and controversies. Each topic is addressed using the same template, offering the best information from all angles to readers. This SpringerBrief is aimed at both clinicians and scientists involved in the study and care of male and female fertility, and is written by a team of three internationally recognized authors with expertise in andrology and male infertility. The text is the first of its kind, and presents an invaluable tool both for the basic scientists with an interest in reproductive medicine and for clinicians working in the field of infertility.

Peripheral and Cerebrovascular Intervention draws upon experts from diverse fields to provide readers with a comprehensive foundation for understanding and performing endovascular procedures -- from the basic steps to the most current and advanced techniques. Individual chapters focus on primary intervention sites, including lower extremity, renal/mesenteric, subclavian/upper extremity, carotid/vertebral, intracranial, and venous interventions. Additionally, chapters covering critical limb ischemia and abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms are included. By incorporating valuable clinical information, such as indications, contraindications, complications, and discussions of surgical techniques and procedures, this book is a valuable resource for the busy practitioner and will be of interest to all interventional and general cardiologists, radiologists, and neurologists; vascular surgeons; internists; and residents and fellows.

New Techniques for Thoracic Outlet Syndromes presents in a comprehensive format an up-to-date, state of the art reference that physicians can use in consultation to properly treat patients using the resources that modern medicine offers. This book offers the newer surgical approaches that have been developed during the past 30 years. Some of these techniques are modification of operations that were proposed previously but were not fully affective and left many patients suffering with permanent disability. This textbook is a compendium of the proper management of these patients that cannot be found in isolated reports of literature. The neurogenic-arterial thoracic outlet syndrome section covers how to diagnosis the illness using the proper tests, therefore eliminating the use of expensive, uncomfortable and inconvenient tests. The text is organized in three basic sections that cover all the aspects of the thoracic outlet syndromes. The first section addresses the neurogenic-arterial type, with the pertinent subsections: symptoms, diagnosis. A list of the useful tests is provided to make a correct diagnosis of this syndrome. This is followed by the sections on treatment, using the surgical approaches with historical aspects and evolution of the operations proposed. The second section involves the venous thoracic outlet syndrome divided into the corresponding subsections comprising: symptoms and physical findings, etiology, diagnosis. This section also includes a list of the usual tests to make the proper diagnosis. The last section of this text is dedicated to the presence of cervical ribs and their classification of the different types that occur, and also the proper surgical treatment when fusion of the upper ribs is present. New Techniques for Thoracic Outlet Syndromes offers the current, acceptable and most effective methods to handle thoracic outlet syndromes. It will be of great value to thoracic surgeons, vascular surgeons, interventional radiologists as well as fellows and residents in training for cardiothoracic and vascular surgery.

This new edition of Vascular Interventional Radiology: Current Evidence in Endovascular Surgery provides a thorough yet succinct and accessible review of the latest knowledge in the field of endovascular surgery. All chapters have been updated to reflect the advances that have occurred during the past five years, and new chapters are included on carotid artery stenting and day case intervention. The chapter on lower limb veno-occlusive disease has been expanded to include management of deep venous thrombosis. Among the other topics considered are the endovascular treatment options in different arterial territories, aneurysm repair techniques, and the management of venous stenosis and venous insufficiency. The aim throughout is to tackle issues of evidence-based practice in order to assist trainees and experienced practitioners in making and implementing treatment decisions. This book will be an invaluable source of information for both interventional radiologists and vascular surgeons with an interest in endovascular techniques.

Membrane Receptors, Channels and Transporters in Pulmonary Circulation is a proceeding of the 2008 Grover Conference (Lost Valley Ranch and Conference Center, Sedalia, Colorado; September 3-7, 2008), which provided a forum for experts in the fields of those receptors, channels and transporters that have been identified as playing key roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of the pulmonary circulation. The book rigorously addresses: i) recent advances in our knowledge of receptors, channels and transporters and their role in regulation of pulmonary vascular function; ii) how modulation of expression and function of receptors, channels and transporters and their interrelationships contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular disease; and iii) the therapeutic opportunities that may be revealed by enhancing our understanding of this area. The overall goal was to explore the mechanisms by which specific receptors, channels and transporters contribute to pulmonary vascular function in both health and disease, and how this knowledge may lead to novel interventions in lung dysplasia, pulmonary edema, lung injury, and pulmonary and systemic hypertension to reduce and prevent death from lung disease. Membrane Receptors, Channels and Transporters in Pulmonary Circulation is divided into six parts. Part 1 (Ion Channels in the Pulmonary Vasculature: Basics and New Findings) is designated for basic knowledge and recent findings in the research field of ion channels in pulmonary circulation. There are five chapters in Part I discussing the function, expression, distribution and regulation of various ion channels present in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells and how these channels are integrated to regulate intracellular Ca2+ and cell functions. Part II (TRP Channels in the Pulmonary Vasculature: Basics and New Findings) is composed of five chapters that are exclusively designed to discuss the role of a recently identified family of cation channels, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, in the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone and arterial structure. Part III (Pathogenic Role of Ion Channels in Pulmonary Vascular Disease) includes four chapters that discuss how abnormal function and expression of various ion channels contribute to changes in cell functions and the development of pulmonary hypertension. Part IV (Receptors and Signaling Cascades in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension) consists of five chapters devoted to the role of bone morphogenetic protein receptors, Notch receptors, serotonin receptors, Rho kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Part V (Receptors and Transporters: Role in Cell Function and Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction) includes four chapters designed to illustrate the potential mechanisms involved in oxygen sensing and hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and hypertension. Part VI (Targeting Ion Channels and Membrane Receptors in Developing Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Pulmonary Vascular Disease) consists five chapters which discuss the translational research involving on membrane receptors, channels and transporters, including their potential as novel drug targets. We hope that Membrane Receptors, Channels and Transporters in Pulmonary Circulation will allow readers to foster new concepts and new collaborations and cooperations among investigators so as to further understand the role of receptors, channels and transporters in lung pathophysiology. The ultimate goal is to identify new mechanisms of disease, as well as new therapeutic targets for pulmonary vascular diseases. An additional outcome should be enhanced understanding of the role of these entities in systemic vascular pathophysiology, since the conference will include researchers and clinicians with interests in both pulmonary and systemic circulations.

One of the most outstanding achievements in contemporary surgery has been the development ofmicrosurgery and its c1inical application. Early in 1960s, the Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital began to research and practise the replant- ation of severed limbs and has hence been acc1aimed as the cradle of replant- ation surgery in China. Succeeding Dr. Chen Zhong-wei, Dr. Yu Zhong-jia has led the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery to continue ploughing and weeding diligently in the field of microsurgery of the extremities and has made, in both reconstructive and reparative microsurgery, great advances that have attracted world attention. I used to be the scientific advisor of this hospital and have therefore followed c1ose1y what has been achieved there. A well-known orthopaedist and microsurgeon, Dr. Yu Zhong-jia is adept in using the present advanced techniques to solve difficult problems which re- mained unsettled in spite of predecessors' repeated earlier attempts, and his own scientific research is always directed by the imperative needs of his patients. The results of his research thus not only attain a high technical standard, but are also rich in practical value. Dr. Yu was the the first surgeon in the world to trans plan ted autogenous toes to the amputated forearm stump, with a metallic artificial metacarpus as the connection, reconstructing a new hand with sensibil- ity and movability afterwards eulogized by foreign friends as the "China Hand".

Peripheral and Cerebrovascular Intervention draws upon experts from diverse fields to provide readers with a comprehensive foundation for understanding and performing endovascular procedures-from the basic steps to the most current and advanced techniques. Individual chapters focus on primary intervention sites, including lower extremity, renal/mesenteric, subclavian/upper extremity, carotid/vertebral, intracranial and venous interventions. Additionally, chapters covering critical limb ischemia and abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms are included. By incorporating valuable clinical information, such as indications, contraindications, complications and discussions of surgical techniques and procedures, this book is a valuable resource for the busy practitioner and will be of interest to all interventional and general cardiologists, radiologists and neurologists; vascular surgeons; internists and residents and fellows.

Cardiovascular fluid mechanics is now used as a tool in determining diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis by physicians and surgeons working in the fields of cardiology and angiology. The text is based on a considerable amount of clinical and experimental data on blood flow in the heart and large vessels obtained using various methods such as ultrasound pulsed Doppler velocimetry (including Doppler color flow imaging), catheter-tip electromagnetic velocimetry, hot-film anemometry, and laser Doppler velocimetry. The book will introduce medical researchers and clinicians to this rapidly developing field and allow them to apply the knowledge and the methods of fluid mechanics to practical medicine.

The current textbooks for specialists are too detailed. This book will be a handy pocket guide for trainee vascular radiologists, and will serve as an aide-memoire for senior vascular radiologists. Each procedure will be shown in its entirety. Rather than being a library purchase, this book will be a handy and accessible guide for quick reference aimed at clinical interventional radiologists in multidisciplinary staff rooms and angiography suites.

Cardiac surgery has developed dramatically since the first open-he art operations were performed in the mid 1950s. Although the improvement of surgical technique, extracorporeal circulation, and postoperative management has contributed to a marked reduction of morbidity and mortality, the development of cardiac surgery to its present state would not have been possible without blood substitution by homologous donor blood. Only 20 years ago, open-heart operations required an average of 8 units of blood preserves. The excessive need of donor blood in those early days was mainly due to premature surgical technique, insecure control of anticoagulation, severe blood trauma by extracorporeal circulation, and the lack of retransfusion technologies that would have allowed the reuse of shed mediastinal blood. The introduction of new technologies, such as normovolemic hemodilution, in traoperative autotransfusion, postoperative return of shed mediastinal blood, and predonation of autologous blood has greatly reduced donor blood requirements. At present the majority of routine coronary artery surgical procedures can be performed without any blood transfusion. Blood loss, however, may be considerable in patients undergoing complex valve surgery or reoperations, as they often require several units of transfused blood. Blood conservation has now become an area of major interest for the cardiac surgeon. This increased concern is caused by infectious complications of blood transfusion, in particular hepatitis and, more recently, AIDS."

The International Symposium on Ischemic Mitral Incompetence was held December2-4,1988 at the Intercontinental Hotel, Berlin . It wasorganized bythe German Heart Center Berlin with the primary aim to bring together experts interested in the subject of ischemic mitral regurgitation. Our intention was to face the problems associated with diagnosis and treatment of mitral incompetence resulting from coronary artery disease. A "work-up" of the whole topic from its basic, diagnostic, and surgical aspects wasinitiated. In the first section weconcentrate on the basic anatomical and pathophysiological knowledge, as well as on experimental work. In the second section cardiologists report on inci- dence of ischemic mitral incompetence, diagnostic methods that include esophageal echocardiography, follow-up studies of medical- and surgical-treated patients. This section considers interventional therapy in acute myocardial infarc- tion, as well. The third section includes contributions by cardiac surgeons with many years' experience in operative treatment of ischemic mitral incompetence including the decision-making criteria for non-mitral valve surgery, and for valve reconstruction or replacement.

The aim of this book is to focus on the important relationships between the heart and the brain in health and disease. The brain and nervous system may cause or influence heart disease, e. g. , by causing arrhythmias or modi- fying the response to ischemia. Disorders of the heart and circulation may cause brain damage, e. g. , by releasing emboli resulting in cerebral infarc- tion. Furthermore, both the brain and the heart are frequently targets of the same disease process. The heart and brain have electrophysiologically active cells, which may respond in similar ways to diseases and various interventions. Finally, many drugs affect both the brain and the heart, and drugs used for heart diseases usually have side effects on the brain and vice versa. With today's increasing subspecialization in medicine, we feel the time has come to present a book that integrates basic and clinical aspects of cardiology, neurology, cardiovascular surgery, and neurosurgery. We hope this cross fertilization will broaden horizons and advance both understand- ing and practice. This book is based on a symposium held at the University of TromS!/l, Norway, 24-27 June 1987, organized by Ilmar A. Sulg, Knut Rasmussen, Svein Ivar Mellgren, Dag S!/lrlie, and Helge Refsum of the Departments of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medicine, Neurology, Surgery, and Physiology, respectively. Weare grateful to the distinguished group of contributors for not only outlining their pioneering studies, but also describing their recent work and indicating important possibilities for the future.

This book discusses contemporary features of ject, creating, therefore, a lacuna the could be diagnosis of endocrine diseases using the filled by this project. radiologic technique of percutaneous venous This book is intended to be a practical guide blood sampling for hormone assay. A compre- for vascular and interventional radiologists, in- hensive survey of the field is provided by the ternists, surgeons, endocrinologists, and other contributing authors, who have considerable physicians who care for patients with endocrine expertise in the subject. Some have published diseases. The intention is to provide a practical several articles in the literature; others have text covering anatomical data, clinical prob- extensive clinical experience. lems related to the diagnosis of the endocrine The approach to many of the endocrine dis- diseases, patient preparation for the sampling, eases has been markedly improved ~uring the blood sampling techniques, sample manipula- last two decades because of selective venous tion and storage, laboratory data, and clinical blood sampling, not only in the diagnosis of the significance of the hormone sampling and condition but especially in the precise localiza- assay. tion of the hormone-producing lesion and its clinical significance. Scattered informationbn venous blood sam- pling is available in the literature, but there is Renan Uftacker no comprehensive text dealing with the sub- Reingard Sorensen Contents Preface v Contributors xi 1 Selective Venous Sampling for the Differential Diagnosis of Female Hyperandrogenemia 1 Lathar Moltz and Reingard Sorensen Introduction ...1 Diagnostic Procedures ...2 Indications ...4 Anatomy and Anatomical Variations...

This must-have manual for surgical residents and vascular surgery trainees is copiously illustrated with more than 250 original line drawings. The author presents in a step-by-step fashion the techniques for all common vascular reconstructions, basics of exposure and access, as well as invaluable technical pearls and tips. The text provides the surgical trainee with the opportunity to review and practice the necessary vascular reconstructions before entering the operating room. The illustrations and clear instructions make this a manual that is referred to again and again throughout the surgical residency.