A visit to a physician these days is cold: physicians spend most of
their time typing at computers, making minimal eye contact.
Appointments generally last only a few minutes, with scarce time
for the doctor to connect to a patient's story, or explain how and
why different procedures and treatments might be undertaken. As a
result, errors abound: indeed, misdiagnosis is the fourth-leading
cause of death in the United States, trailing only heart disease,
cancer, and stroke. This is because, despite having access to more
resources than ever, doctors are vulnerable not just to the
economic demand to see more patients, but to distraction, burnout,
data overload, and their own intrinsic biases. Physicians are
simply overmatched. As Eric Topol argues in Deep Medicine,
artificial intelligence can help. Natural-language processing could
automatically record notes from our doctor visits; virtual
psychiatrists could better predict the risk of suicide or other
mental health issues for vulnerable patients; deep-learning
software will make every physician a master diagnostician; and we
could even use smartphone apps to take our own medical "selfies"
for skin exams and receive immediate analysis. . On top of that,
the virtual smartphone assistants of today--Alexa, Siri,
Cortana--could analyze our daily health data to reduce the need for
doctor visits and trips to the emergency room, and support for
people suffering from asthma, epilepsy, and heart disease. By
integrating tools like these into their daily medical practice,
doctors would be able to spend less time collecting and cataloging
information, and more time providing thorough, intimate, and
meaningful care for their patients, as no machine can. Artificial
intelligence can also help remedy the debilitating cost of
healthcare, both for individuals and the economy writ large. The
medical sector now absorbs 20 percent of the US gross domestic
product--it is largest sector by dollars and jobs. And it's very
inefficient. Take the cost of medical scans: There are over 20
million medical scans performed in the US every day, and an MRI,
for example, costs hundreds to thousands of dollars. AI could
process 260 million medical scans (more than 2 weeks' worth) in
less than 24 hours for a cost of only $1000. We pay billions and
billions of dollars for the same work today. The American health
care system needs a serious reboot, and artificial intelligence is
just the thing to press the restart button. As innovative as it is
hopeful, Deep Medicine ultimately shows us how we can leverage
artificial intelligence for better care at lower costs with more
empathy, for the benefit of patients and physicians alike.
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