Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder with cardinal motor
signs of resting tremor, bradykinesia and lead-pipe rigidity. In
addition, many patients display non-motor symptoms, including a
diminished sensation of smell, gastrointestinal problems, various
disorders of sleep and some cognitive impairment. These clinical
features - particularly the motor signs - manifest after a
progressive death of many dopaminergic neurones in the brain.
Although currently available, conventional therapies can reduce the
signs of the disease, the progression of this neuronal death has
proved difficult to slow or stop, and the condition is relentlessly
progressive. Hence, there is a real need to develop a treatment
that is neuroprotective, one that slows the pathology of the
disease effectively. At present, there are several neuroprotective
therapies in the experimental pipeline, but these are for the
patients of tomorrow. This book focuses on two therapies that are
readily available for the patients of today. They involve the use
of exercise and light (i.e. photobiomodulation, the use of red to
infrared light therapy ( =600-1070nm) on body tissues). The two
therapies are tied together in several ways. First, in animal
models of Parkinson's disease, they each have been shown to offer
the key feature of neuroprotection, stimulating a series of
built-in protective mechanisms within the neurones, that helps
their survival, to self-protect and/or self-repair. There are also
some promising indications of neuroprotection and many beneficial
outcomes in parkinsonian patients. Further, both exercise and light
therapies are similar in that they are non-invasive and safe to
use, with no known adverse side-effects, making their combination
with the conventional therapies, such as dopamine replacement drug
therapy and deep brain stimulation, all the more feasible. Given
the heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease in humans, tackling the
condition from a range of different angles - with a number of
different therapies - would only serve to enhance the positive
outcomes. This book considers the use of exercise and light
therapies, proposing that they have the potential to make a
powerful "dynamic duo", offering a most effective neuroprotective
treatment option to patients.
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