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The Knight who invented Champagne 2021 - How Sir Kenelm Digby developed strong glass bottles - verre Anglais - which enabled wine and cider-makers to produce bottle-fermented sparkling wines and ciders (Paperback)
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The Knight who invented Champagne 2021 - How Sir Kenelm Digby developed strong glass bottles - verre Anglais - which enabled wine and cider-makers to produce bottle-fermented sparkling wines and ciders (Paperback)
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It is 1615. Shakespeare is still alive and the country is at peace.
James 1 of England (James VI of Scotland) has been on the throne
since the childless Elisabeth I died in 1603. He claimed the throne
by virtue of the fact that he was direct in line of descent from
Henry VII, his great-grandfather. The English Navy, which had been
founded as a standing force by Henry VIII and had defended the
country from several Spanish Armadas during the Elisabethan era,
had been neglected. It needed rebuilding and this meant new ships
and plenty of stout English (and Welsh) oak. Luckily for James, one
of his closest advisors was an admiral, Sir Robert Mansell, who
having given up his naval career and become an industrialist and
entrepreneur (as well as a Member of Parliament), saw an
opportunity to secure his new-found business of coal mining and
glass-making. Mansell applied to the King to grant him a patent
forbidding the use of timber for smelting (mainly iron and glass)
and on 23 May 1615 the papers were signed. Thus, with the stroke of
his quill, the king started the industrial revolution that turned
the British Isles from an agrarian economy, based upon wool, water
power and wind power, to one where coal and steam brought about
unimaginable developments in trade and industry. It was following
the signing of the 1615 patent that glassmaking in Britain went
from a peripatetic, nomadic business which chased the fuel from
clearing to clearing in the dwindling forests, to one where the
fuel travelled to the kilns. By virtue of the fact that kilns
didn't have to move as the wood ran out, they could be bigger and
better, brick-built with chimneys and flues, which made the glass
stronger and more durable. It was into this exciting, changing
world of glassmaking that Sir Kenelm Digby developed his strong
verre Anglais bottles which enabled the production of (lightly)
sparkling bottle-fermented ciders and wines. The Knight who
invented Champagne is the story of King James I, Admiral Sir Robert
Mansell and Sir Kenelm Digby and the part they played between 1615
and 1630 in revolutionising the production of glass. The changes
they helped bring about led to the development and production of
stronger glass that could be used for making bottles that would
withstand the pressure caused by a secondary-fermentation in the
bottle. By 1662 we know that it was common practice by cidermakers,
vintners and coopers to add raisins and sugar to wine and cider at
bottling to start a secondary fermentation in the bottle. All of
this happened several years before Dom Perignon, often credited
with 'inventing Champagne', took up his position as cellarer at the
Abbaye Saint-Pierre d'Hautvillers.
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