Contemporary research in science and engineering is seeking to
harness the versatility and sustainability of living organisms. By
exploiting natural principles, researchers hope to create new kinds
of technology that are self-repairing, adaptable, and robust, and
to invent a new class of machines that are perceptive, social,
emotional, perhaps even conscious. This is the realm of the 'living
machine'. Living machines can be divided into two types: biomimetic
systems, that harness the principles discovered in nature and
embody them in new artifacts, and biohybrid systems in which
biological entities are coupled with synthetic ones. Living
Machines: A handbook of research in biomimetic and biohybrid
systems surveys this flourishing area of research, capturing the
current state of play and pointing to the opportunities ahead.
Promising areas in biomimetics include self-organization,
biologically inspired active materials, self-assembly and
self-repair, learning, memory, control architectures and
self-regulation, locomotion in air, on land or in water,
perception, cognition, control, and communication. Drawing on these
advances the potential of biomimetics is revealed in devices that
can harvest energy, grow or reproduce, and in animal-like robots
that range from synthetic slime molds, to artificial fish, to
humanoids. Biohybrid systems is a relatively new field, with
exciting and largely unknown potential, but one that is likely to
shape the future of humanity. This book surveys progress towards
new kinds of biohybrid such as robots that merge electronic neurons
with biological tissue, micro-scale machines made from living
cells, prosthetic limbs with a sense of touch, and brain-machine
interfaces that allow robotic devices to be controlled by human
thought. The handbook concludes by exploring some of the impacts
that living machine technologies could have on both society and the
individual, exploring questions about how we will see and
understand ourselves in a world in which the line between the
natural and the artificial is increasingly blurred. With
contributions from leading researchers from science, engineering,
and the humanities, this handbook will be of broad interest to
undergraduate and postgraduate students. Researchers in the areas
of computational modeling and engineering, including artificial
intelligence, machine learning, artificial life, biorobotics,
neurorobotics, and human-machine interfaces will find Living
Machines an invaluable resource.
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