This book discusses autonomous spacecraft navigation based on X-ray pulsars, analyzing how to process X-ray pulsar signals, how to simulate them, and how to estimate the pulse's time of arrival based on epoch folding. In turn, the book presents a range of X-ray pulsar-based spacecraft positioning/time-keeping/attitude determination methods. It also describes the error transmission mechanism of the X-ray pulsar-based navigation system and its corresponding compensation methods. Further, the book introduces readers to navigation based on multiple measurement information fusion, such as X-ray pulsar/traditional celestial body integrated navigation and X-ray pulsar/INS integrated navigation. As such, it offers readers extensive information on both the theory and applications of X-ray pulsar-based navigation, and reflects the latest developments in China and abroad.

The Magnesium Technology Symposium, the event on which this collection is based, is one of the largest yearly gatherings of magnesium specialists in the world. Papers represent all aspects of the field, ranging from primary production to applications to recycling. Moreover, papers explore everything from basic research findings to industrialization. Magnesium Technology 2021 is a definitive reference that covers a broad spectrum of current topics, including novel extraction techniques; primary production; alloys and their production; thermodynamics and kinetics; cast products and processing; wrought products and processing; forming, joining, and machining; corrosion and surface finishing; structural applications; degradation and biomedical applications; and several others.

This book collects selected papers from the 6th Conference on Signal and Information Processing, Networking and Computers, held in Guiyang, China, on August 13 - 16, 2019. Focusing on the latest advances in information theory, communication systems, computer science, aerospace technologies, big data and other related technologies, it offers a valuable resource for researchers and industrial practitioners alike.

In an expanding world with limited resources, optimization and uncertainty quantification have become a necessity when handling complex systems and processes. This book provides the foundational material necessary for those who wish to embark on advanced research at the limits of computability, collecting together lecture material from leading experts across the topics of optimization, uncertainty quantification and aerospace engineering. The aerospace sector in particular has stringent performance requirements on highly complex systems, for which solutions are expected to be optimal and reliable at the same time. The text covers a wide range of techniques and methods, from polynomial chaos expansions for uncertainty quantification to Bayesian and Imprecise Probability theories, and from Markov chains to surrogate models based on Gaussian processes. The book will serve as a valuable tool for practitioners, researchers and PhD students.

Beginning as a young boy, Jules takes you through the unique process of becoming a Naval Aviator, engages you into his experiences as a brand new pilot in a combat squadron and, finally becoming a flying warrior. Having survived two combat cruises aboard the aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk from 1966-1968, compiling 332 career carrier take offs and landings, being shot at daily by enemy fire while completing 200 combat missions over Vietnam, he clearly shares the views of the aviators who flew along with him on these missions while fighting this unpopular war. Jules was awarded the Nation's Distinguished Flying Cross, 21 Air Medals, and many other accolades. After reading this book the reader will have a new understanding and appreciation about the Warriors who protect not only their comrades in arms, but the defense of the nation as well.

This book explains theoretical derivations and presents expressions for fluid and convective turbulent flow of mildly elastic fluids in various internal and external flow situations involving different types of geometries, such as the smooth/rough circular pipes, annular ducts, curved tubes, vertical flat plates, and channels. Understanding the methodology of the analyses facilitates appreciation for the rationale used for deriving expressions of parameters relevant to the turbulent flow of mildly elastic fluids. This knowledge serves as a driving force for developing new ideas, investigating new situations, and extending theoretical analyses to other unexplored areas of the rheology of mildly elastic drag reducing fluids.The book suits a range of functions--it can be used to teach elective upper-level undergraduate or graduate courses for chemical engineers, material scientists, mechanical engineers, and polymer scientists; guide researchers unexposed to this alluring and interesting area of drag reduction; and serve as a reference to all who want to explore and expand the areas dealt with in this book.

This book describes systematically the theory and technology of the precision forming of large, complex and thin-walled superalloy castings for aircraft engines, covering all the important basic aspects of the manufacturing process, including process design, wax pattern, ceramic molds, casting and solidification, heat treatment, repair casting and dimension precision control. The correlation of casting defects, structural characteristics and performance of castings is revealed through a range of tests. It also discusses the latest technologies and advances in this field - such as imaging the solidification process by means of synchrotron radiography, 3D computerized tomography and reconstruction of microporosity defects, analysis and diagnosis of error sources for dimension over-tolerance and adjusted pressure casting technology - which are of particular interest. Providing essential insights, the book offers a valuable guide to the design and manufacture of superalloy casting parts for aircraft engines.

This book discusses the recent advances in aircraft design methodologies. It provides an overview of topics such as shape optimization, robust design and aeroelasticity, focusing on fluid-structure numerical methodologies to address static and dynamic aeroelastic problems. It demonstrates that the capability to evaluate the interaction between aerodynamics, inertia and elastic forces is important to avoid drag penalties, control system efficiency loss and generation of potentially dangerous phenomena, such as divergence, control reversal and flutter. The book particularly highlights the advances in "high fidelity" CFD-CSM coupling, describing the latest experimental research to validate the numerical fluid-structure interaction analysis methodologies resulting from the EU-funded RBF4AERO and RIBES projects.

This book investigates the time-dependent behavior of fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) at elevated temperatures. The author combines the time-dependent damage mechanisms of interface and fiber oxidation and fracture with the micromechanical approach to establish the relationships between the first matrix cracking stress, matrix multiple cracking evolution, tensile strength, tensile stress-strain curves and tensile fatigue of fiber-reinforced CMCs and time. Then, using damage models of energy balance, the fracture mechanics approach, critical matrix strain energy criterion, Global Load Sharing criterion, and hysteresis loops he determines the first matrix cracking stress, interface debonded length, matrix cracking density, fibers failure probability, tensile strength, tensile stress-strain curves and fatigue hysteresis loops. Lastly, he predicts the time-dependent mechanical behavior of different fiber-reinforced CMCs, i.e., C/SiC and SiC/SiC, using the developed approaches, in order to reduce the failure risk during the operation of aero engines. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in the mechanical behavior of CMCs, researchers investigating the damage evolution of CMCs at elevated temperatures, and designers responsible for hot-section CMC components in aero engines.

This is a modern textbook that guides the reader through the theory and practice of satellite orbit prediction and determination. Starting from the basic principles of orbital mechanics, it covers elaborate force models as well as precise methods of satellite tracking. Emphasis is on numerical treatment and a multitude of algorithms adopted in modern satellite trajectory computation are described in detail. The accompanying CD-ROM includes all source codes written in C++ and relevant data files for applications. The result is a powerful and unique spaceflight dynamics library which allows easy software extensions by the user. An extensive collection of Internet resources is provided through WWW hyperlinks to detailed and frequently updated online information on spaceflight dynamics. The book addresses students, scientist working in the field of navigation, geodesy and spaceflight technology and satellite engineers and operators focusing on spaceflight dynamics.

Handbook of Offshore Helicopter Transport Safety: Essentials of Underwater Egress and Survival provides a comprehensive look at the issues and concerns facing offshore helicopter transport. The book offers guidance for offshore helicopter operators, survival instructors, and the global offshore workforce, including discussions of safety management systems, safety briefings, survival equipment, underwater egress training, water impact/ditching statistics, and search and rescue. Each area of interest details pertinent information spanning approximately 30 years of offshore operations. Early sections discuss helicopter transport safety, safety regulations, and standards, while subsequent chapters cover Helicopter Underwater Escape Training (HUET) programs and their development and training, followed by final chapters on the effects of HUET, Emergency Breathing Systems (EBS), and Helicopter Transportation Suit (HTS).

This book gathers the outcomes of the second ECCOMAS CM3 Conference series on transport, which addressed the main challenges and opportunities that computation and big data represent for transport and mobility in the automotive, logistics, aeronautics and marine-maritime fields. Through a series of plenary lectures and mini-forums with lectures followed by question-and-answer sessions, the conference explored potential solutions and innovations to improve transport and mobility in surface and air applications. The book seeks to answer the question of how computational research in transport can provide innovative solutions to Green Transportation challenges identified in the ambitious Horizon 2020 program. In particular, the respective papers present the state of the art in transport modeling, simulation and optimization in the fields of maritime, aeronautics, automotive and logistics research. In addition, the content includes two white papers on transport challenges and prospects. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to students, researchers, engineers and practitioners whose work involves the implementation of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) software for the optimal use of roads, including safety and security, traffic and travel data, surface and air traffic management, and freight logistics.

This book provides an extensive overview of the protection of cultural heritages sites on the Moon (humanity's lunar heritage) and the various threats they face. First of all, the international legal framework, especially the relevant space treaties are analyzed in terms of how they protect cultural heritages sites on the Moon. In turn, the book explores key aspects like the application of customary law, the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, or the Underwater Convention, and the possibility of adding these sites to UNESCO's World Heritage list. The book subsequently addresses the question of how to define culture heritage sites or artifacts, in particular in view of the "Outstanding Universal Value" criterion, which is a vital aspect in order to differentiate them from space garbage or even space threats. Lastly, the book proposes and elaborates on various protection systems and multilateral protection regulations. Especially now, 50 years after the first human landing on the Moon, the book is a timely publication that will be of interest to all scholars and professionals working in the space field.

Explore a thorough and up to date overview of the current knowledge, developments and outstanding challenges in turbulent combustion and application. The balance among various renewable and combustion technologies are surveyed, and numerical and experimental tools are discussed along with recent advances. Covers combustion of gaseous, liquid and solid fuels and subsonic and supersonic flows. This detailed insight into the turbulence-combustion coupling with turbulence and other physical aspects, shared by a number of the world leading experts in the field, makes this an excellent reference for graduate students, researchers and practitioners in the field.

While monitoring of computer-controlled systems is widespread, it is critically important in the cockpit of current passenger aircraft. Such monitoring requires special vigilance for those rare untoward events, which may be new to the pilot and which can have devastating consequences. This book uses a multidisciplinary approach to address this problem of sustaining attention while monitoring. It outlines and explains alternative ways of viewing the processes needed to prevent Human Factors accidents; it examines the use and limitations of cockpit resource management programmes in inducing behavioural and attitudinal changes appropriate for highly automated flight decks. The author's approach deals rigorously with the physiological mechanisms underlying vigilance, arousal and stress, delineating clearly those that are relevant to the monitoring function. The three parts cover: monitoring problems and processes; monitoring measurement and alerting systems; and monitoring management. In the last part the author details management plans and guidance for monitoring assisted systems based on his understanding of the problems of continued human vigilance. Readership: pilots and training pilots; cockpit resource management groups; monitoring management specialists; university aviation departments; road and rail transport groups; those operating nuclear and large process installations.

Bird strikes are one of the most dangerous threats to civil and military flight safety: between 1960 and 2014, they were responsible for the destruction of approximately 150 civil aircraft and the deaths of 271 people. Bird Strike presents a summary of the damage imposed on the aviation industries by their avian counterparts. This book first presents and analyzes the statistics obtained from bird strike databases and offers various methods for minimizing the overall probability of bird-strike events. The next chapters explore how to analyze the ability of aero-engine critical structures to withstand bird-strike events by implementing reliable experimental, theoretical, and numerical methods. Finally, the book investigates the impact of bird strikes on different components of aircrafts, such as the metal fuselage, composite fuselage, engines, wings, and tail, and proposes two new bird models, with explanations of their use.

This book introduces a comprehensive and mathematically rigorous controller design for families of nonlinear systems with time-varying parameters and unstructured uncertainties. Although the presented methodology is general, the specific family of systems considered is the latest, NextGen, unconventional fixed-wing unmanned aircraft with circulation control or morphing wings, or a combination of both. The approach considers various sources of model and parameter uncertainty, while the controller design depends not on a nominal plant model, but instead on a family of admissible plants. In contrast to existing controller designs that consider multiple models and multiple controllers, the proposed approach is based on the 'one controller fits all models' within the unstructured uncertainty interval. The book presents a modeling-based analysis and synthesis approach with additive uncertainty weighting functions for accurate realization of the candidate systems. This differs significantly from existing designs in that it is capable of handling time-varying characteristics. This research monograph is suitable for scientists, engineers, researchers and graduate students with a background in control system theory who are interested in complex engineering nonlinear systems.

This book serves as an introduction to cryocooler technology and describes the principle applications of cryocoolers across a broad range of fields. It covers the specific requirements of these applications, and describes how the advantages and disadvantages of different cryocooler systems are taken into consideration. For example, Stirling coolers tend to be used only in space applications because of their high coefficient of performance, low weight and proven reliability, whilst Gifford-McMahon coolers are used for ground applications, such as in cryopumps and MRI shield cooling applications. Joule-Thomson cryocoolers are used in missile technology because of the fast cool down requirements. The cryocooler field is fast developing and the number of applications are growing because of the increasing costs of the cryogens such as Helium and Neon. The first chapter of the book introduces the different types of cryocoolers, their classification, working principles, and their design aspects, and briefly mentions some of the applications of these systems. This introductory chapter is followed by a number of contributions from prominent international researchers, each describing a specific field of application, the cooling requirements and the cryocooler systems employed. These areas of application include gas liquefaction, space technology, medical science, dilution refrigerators, missile systems, and physics research including particle accelerators. Each chapter describes the cooling requirements based on the end use, the approximate cooling load calculations, the criteria for cryocooler selection, the arrangement for cryocooler placement, the connection of the cooler to the object to be cooled, and includes genuine case studies. Intended primarily for researchers working on cryocoolers, the book will also serve as an introduction to cryocooler technology for students, and a useful reference for those using cryocooler systems in any area of application.

This book presents iterative learning control (ILC) to address practical issues of flexible structures. It is divided into four parts: Part I provides a general introduction to ILC and flexible structures, while Part II proposes various types of ILC for simple flexible structures to address issues such as vibration, input saturation, input dead-zone, input backlash, external disturbances, and trajectory tracking. It also includes simple partial differential equations to deal with the common problems of flexible structures. Part III discusses the design of ILC for flexible micro aerial vehicles and two-link manipulators, and lastly, Part IV offers a summary of the topics covered. Unlike most of the literature on ILC, which focuses on ordinary differential equation systems, this book explores distributed parameter systems, which are comparatively less stabilized through ILC.Including a comprehensive introduction to ILC of flexible structures, it also examines novel approaches used in ILC to address input constraints and disturbance rejection. This book is intended for researchers, graduate students and engineers in various fields, such as flexible structures, external disturbances, nonlinear inputs and tracking control.

Drawing on rare, historical photography and specially commissioned artwork, Matthew Willis explores the heroic feats of the few Royal Navy's obsolescent biplanes that stood between the state-of-the-art Axis warships and their objectives. Focusing on the technical specifications of both opponents, using original records, and detailed armament and cockpit views, this book explores the key attributes and drawbacks of the disadvantaged Royal Navy torpedo-bombers against the mighty Regia Marina and Kriegsmarine destroyers and raiders, covering a wide range of sea battles, from the more famous attacks such as the strike on the Bismarck, the tragic events of the Channel Dash or the clash with the Italian battle fleet at Taranto, to less covered sea battles such as the Battle of Matapan. Despite their powerful weaponry and heavy armour protection, the Axis warships proved vulnerable to a skillfully and audaciously flown torpedo-bomber, thanks to innovative commanders exploiting every possible advantage. Including rare personal recollections from the airmen who flew the torpedo-bombers and historical accounts from the Axis warship crews, this book describes each and every facet of this dramatic duel.

This book provides a solid foundation for understanding radar energy warfare and stealth technology. The book covers the fundamentals of radar before moving on to more advanced topics, including electronic counter and electronic counter-counter measures, radar absorbing materials, radar cross section, and the science of stealth technology. A final section provides an introduction to Luneberg lens reflectors. The book will provide scientists, engineers, and students with valuable guidance on the fundamentals needed to understand state-of-the-art radar energy warfare and stealth technology research and applications.

Every year, the Technical University of Munich, the Bundeswehr University, and the University of Applied Sciences in Munich invite researchers and practitioners to join the Munich Symposium on Lightweight Design. Experts from industry and academia discuss design tools, applications, and new developments. Topics include, e.g., composite structures, SHM, microstructures, material modelling, design for additive manufacturing, numerical optimization and in particular topology optimization in aerospace, automotive and other industries. The talks are summarized in short articles and presented in this volume.

Based on research into jets in supersonic crossflow carried out by the authors' team over the past 15 years, this book summarizes and presents many cutting-edge findings and analyses on this subject. It tackles the complicated mixing process of gas jets and atomization process of liquid jets in supersonic crossflow, and studies their physical mechanisms. Advanced experimental and numerical techniques are applied to further readers' understanding of atomization, mixing, and combustion of fuel jets in supersonic crossflow, which can promote superior fuel injection design in scramjet engines. The book offers a valuable reference guide for all researchers and engineers working on the design of scramjet engines, and will also benefit graduate students majoring in aeronautical and aerospace engineering.

Aircraft Instruments and Integrated Systems provides a wealth of unique information covering all aspects of operating principles and constructional features of the instrumentation and integrated systems required for the flight handling and navigation of aircraft, and also for the performance monitoring of their relevant powerplants. The text is liberally illustrated with schematic diagrams, colour and black and white photographs and a number of tables and appendices for easy reference. All the instruments and systems detailed are representative of those installed in a range of civil aircraft types currently in service. The operating principles of digital computer techniques and electronic displays are emphasised. Essay-type exercises and multi-choice questions relevant to subjects covered by each chapter, will enable readers to conduct 'self-tests'.

This book presents the latest researches on hypersonic steady glide dynamics and guidance, including the concept of steady glide reentry trajectory and the stability of its regular perturbation solutions, trajectory damping control technique for hypersonic glide reentry, singular perturbation guidance of hypersonic glide reentry, trajectory optimization based on steady glide, linear pseudospectral generalized nominal effort miss distance guidance, analytical entry guidance and trajectory-shaping guidance with final speed and load factor constraints. They can be used to solve many new difficult problems in entry guidance. And many practical engineering cases are provided for the readers for better understanding. Researchers and students in the fields of flight vehicle design or flight dynamics, guidance and control could use the book as valuable reference.