The Geometry Toolbox takes a novel and particularly visual approach to teaching the basic concepts of two- and three-dimensional geometry. It explains the geometry essential for today's computer modeling, computer graphics, and animation systems. While the basic theory is completely covered, the emphasis of the book is not on abstract proofs but rather on examples and algorithms. The Geometry Toolbox is the ideal text for professionals who want to get acquainted with the latest geometric tools. The chapters on basic curves and surfaces form an ideal stepping stone into the world of graphics and modeling. It is also a unique textbook for a modern introduction to linear algebra and matrix theory.

This textbook is designed for students with at least one solid semester of abstract algebra,some linear algebra background, and no previous knowledge of module theory. Modulesand the Structure of Rings details the use of modules over a ring as a means of consideringthe structure of the ring itself--explaining the mathematics and "inductivereasoning" used in working on ring theory challenges and emphasizing modules insteadof rings.Stressing the inductive aspect of mathematical research underlying the formal deductivestyle of the literature, this volume offers vital background on current methods for solvinghard classification problems of algebraic structures. Written in an informal butcompletely rigorous style, Modules and the Structure of Rings clarifies sophisticatedproofs ... avoids the formalism of category theory ... aids independent study or seminarwork ... and supplies end-of-chapter problems.This book serves as an excellent primary.text for upper-level undergraduate and graduatestudents in one-semester courses on ring or module theory-laying a foundation formore advanced study of homological algebra or module theory.

A comprehensive study of the main research done in polynomial identities over the last 25 years, including Kemer's solution to the Specht problem in characteristic O and examples in the characteristic p situation. The authors also cover codimension theory, starting with Regev's theorem and continuing through the Giambruno-Zaicev exponential rank. The "best" proofs of classical results, such as the existence of central polynomials, the tensor product theorem, the nilpotence of the radical of an affine PI-algebra, Shirshov's theorem, and characterization of group algebras with PI, are presented.

Written by researchers who have helped found and shape the field, this book is a definitive introduction to geometric modeling. The authors present all of the necessary techniques for curve and surface representations in computer-aided modeling with a focus on how the techniques are used in design. They achieve a balance between mathematical rigor and broad applicability. Appropriate for readers with a moderate degree of mathematical maturity, this book is suitable as an undergraduate or graduate text, or particularly as a resource for self-study.

This detail-oriented text is intended for engineers and applied mathematicians who must write computer programs to perform wavelet and related analysis on real data. It contains an overview of mathematical prerequisites and proceeds to describe hands-on programming techniques to implement special programs for signal analysis and other applications. From the table of contents: - Mathematical Preliminaries - Programming Techniques - The Discrete Fourier Transform - Local Trigonometric Transforms - Quadrature Filters - The Discrete Wavelet Transform - Wavelet Packets - The Best Basis Algorithm - Multidimensional Library Trees - Time-Frequency Analysis - Some Applications - Solutions to Some of the Exercises - List of Symbols - Quadrature Filter Coefficients

Qualitative Estimates For Partial Differential Equations: An Introduction describes an approach to the use of partial differential equations (PDEs) arising in the modelling of physical phenomena. It treats a wide range of differential inequality techniques applicable to problems arising in engineering and the natural sciences, including fluid and solid mechanics, physics, dynamics, biology, and chemistry. The book begins with an elementary discussion of the fundamental principles of differential inequality techniques for PDEs arising in the solution of physical problems, and then shows how these are used in research. Qualitative Estimates For Partial Differential Equations: An Introduction is an ideal book for students, professors, lecturers, and researchers who need a comprehensive introduction to qualitative methods for PDEs arising in engineering and the natural sciences.

This new book contains the most up-to-date and focused description of the applications of Clifford algebras in analysis, particularly classical harmonic analysis. It is the first single volume devoted to applications of Clifford analysis to other aspects of analysis. All chapters are written by world authorities in the area. Of particular interest is the contribution of Professor Alan McIntosh. He gives a detailed account of the links between Clifford algebras, monogenic and harmonic functions and the correspondence between monogenic functions and holomorphic functions of several complex variables under Fourier transforms. He describes the correspondence between algebras of singular integrals on Lipschitz surfaces and functional calculi of Dirac operators on these surfaces. He also discusses links with boundary value problems over Lipschitz domains. Other specific topics include Hardy spaces and compensated compactness in Euclidean space; applications to acoustic scattering and Galerkin estimates; scattering theory for orthogonal wavelets; applications of the conformal group and Vahalen matrices; Newmann type problems for the Dirac operator; plus much, much more! Clifford Algebras in Analysis and Related Topics also contains the most comprehensive section on open problems available. The book presents the most detailed link between Clifford analysis and classical harmonic analysis. It is a refreshing break from the many expensive and lengthy volumes currently found on the subject.

Written by an algebraic topologist motivated by his own desire to learn, this well-written book represents the compilation of the most essential and interesting results and methods in the theory of polynomial invariants of finite groups. From the table of contents: - Invariants and Relative Invariants - Finite Generation of Invariants - Construction of Invariants - Poincare Series - Dimension Theoretic Properties of Rings of Invariants - Homological Properties of Invariants - Groups Generated by Reflections - Modular Invariants - Polynomial Tensor Exterior Algebras - Invariant Theory and Algebraic Topology - The Steenrod Algebra and Modular Invariant Theory

This book is a compilation of the most important and widely applicable methods for evaluating and approximating integrals. It is an indispensable time saver for engineers and scientists needing to evaluate integrals in their work. From the table of contents: - Applications of Integration - Concepts and Definitions - Exact Analytical Methods - Approximate Analytical Methods - Numerical Methods: Concepts - Numerical Methods: Techniques

The first unified, in-depth discussion of the now classical Gelfand-Naimark theorems, thiscomprehensive text assesses the current status of modern analysis regarding both Banachand C*-algebras.Characterizations of C*-Algebras: The Gelfand-Naimark Theorems focuses on general theoryand basic properties in accordance with readers' needs ... provides complete proofs of theGelfand-Naimark theorems as well as refinements and extensions of the original axioms. . . gives applications of the theorems to topology, harmonic analysis. operator theory.group representations, and other topics ... treats Hermitian and symmetric *-algebras.algebras with and without identity, and algebras with arbitrary (possibly discontinuous)involutions . . . includes some 300 end-of-chapter exercises . . . offers appendices on functionalanalysis and Banach algebras ... and contains numerous examples and over 400 referencesthat illustrate important concepts and encourage further research.Characterizations of C*-Algebras: The Gelfand-Naimark Theorems is an ideal text for graduatestudents taking such courses as The Theory of Banach Algebras and C*-Algebras: inaddition , it makes an outstanding reference for physicists, research mathematicians in analysis,and applied scientists using C*-algebras in such areas as statistical mechanics, quantumtheory. and physical chemistry.

Youth in Superdiverse Societies brings together theoretical, methodological and international approaches to the study of globalization, diversity, and acculturation in adolescence. It examines vital issues including migration, integration, cultural identities, ethnic minorities, and the interplay of ethnic and cultural diversity with experiences of growing up as an adolescent. This important volume focuses on understanding the experiences and consequences of multicultural societies and offers valuable new insights in the field of intergroup relations and the complexity of growingly heterogeneous societies. The book comprises four sections. The first includes fresh theoretical perspectives for studying youth development in multicultural societies, exploring topics such as superdiversity, globalization, bicultural identity development, polyculturalism, the interplay of acculturation and development, as well as developmental-ecological approaches. The second section highlights innovative methods in studying multicultural societies. It contains innovative dynamic concepts (e.g., experience-based sampling), methods for studying the nested structure of acculturative contexts, and suggestions for cross-comparative research to differentiate universal and context-specific processes. The third section examines social relations and social networks in diverse societies and features developmentally crucial contexts (e.g., family, peers, schools) and contributions on interethnic interactions in real-life contexts. The final section presents applications in natural settings and includes contributions on participatory action research and teachers dealings' with ethnic diversity. Each chapter provides a thorough overview of current research trends and findings, followed by detailed recommendations for future research, suggesting how the approaches can be cited, applied and improved. Youth in Superdiverse Societies is valuable reading for students studying adolescent acculturation and development in psychology, sociology, education, anthropology, linguistics and political science. It will also be of interest to scholars and researchers in social and developmental psychology, and related disciplines, as well as professionals in the field of migration.

This is the first book on the subject of FPF rings and the systematic use of the notion of the generator of the category mod-R of all right R-modules and its relationship to faithful modules. This carries out the program, explicit of inherent, in the work of G Azumaya, H. Bass, R. Dedekind, S. Endo, I. Kaplansky, K. Morita, T. Nakayama, R. Thrall, and more recently, W. Brandal, R. Pierce, T. Shores, R. and S. Wiegand and P. Vamos, among others. FPF rings include quasi-Frobenius rings (and thus finite rings over fields), pseudo-Frobenius (PF) rings (and thus injective cogenerator rings), bounded Dedekind prime rings and the following commutative rings; self-injective rings, Prufer rings, all rings over which every finitely generated module decomposes into a direct sum of cyclic modules (=FGC rings), and hence almost maximal valuation rings. Any product (finite or infinite) of commutative or self-basic PFP rings is FPF. A number of important classes of FPF rings are completely characterised including semiprime Neotherian, semiperfect Neotherian, perfect nonsingular prime, regular and self-injective rings. Finite group rings over PF or commutative injective rings are FPF. This work is the culmination of a decade of research and writing by the authors and includes all known theorems on the subject of noncommutative FPF rings. This book will be of interest to professional mathematicians, especially those with an interest in noncommutative ring theory and module theory.

This book is a self-contained account of the theory of classgroups of group rings. The guiding philosophy has been to describe all the basic properties of such classgroups in terms of character functions. This point of view is due to A. Frohlich and it achieves a considerable simplification and clarity over previous techniques. A main feature of the book is the introduction of the author's group logarithm, with numerous examples of its application. The main results dealt with are: Ullom's conjecture for Swan modules of p-groups; the self-duality theorem for rings of integers of tame extensions; the fixed-point theorem for determinants of group rings; the existence of Adams operations on classgroups. In addition, the author includes a number of calculations of classgroups of specific families of groups such as generalized dihedral groups, and quaternion and dihedral 2-groups. The work contained in this book should be readily accessible to any graduate student in pure mathematics who has taken a course in the representation theory of finite groups. It will also be of interest to number theorists and algebraic topologists.

Computational Aspects of Polynomial Identities: Volume l, Kemer's Theorems, 2nd Edition presents the underlying ideas in recent polynomial identity (PI)-theory and demonstrates the validity of the proofs of PI-theorems. This edition gives all the details involved in Kemer's proof of Specht's conjecture for affine PI-algebras in characteristic 0. The book first discusses the theory needed for Kemer's proof, including the featured role of Grassmann algebra and the translation to superalgebras. The authors develop Kemer polynomials for arbitrary varieties as tools for proving diverse theorems. They also lay the groundwork for analogous theorems that have recently been proved for Lie algebras and alternative algebras. They then describe counterexamples to Specht's conjecture in characteristic p as well as the underlying theory. The book also covers Noetherian PI-algebras, Poincare-Hilbert series, Gelfand-Kirillov dimension, the combinatoric theory of affine PI-algebras, and homogeneous identities in terms of the representation theory of the general linear group GL. Through the theory of Kemer polynomials, this edition shows that the techniques of finite dimensional algebras are available for all affine PI-algebras. It also emphasizes the Grassmann algebra as a recurring theme, including in Rosset's proof of the Amitsur-Levitzki theorem, a simple example of a finitely based T-ideal, the link between algebras and superalgebras, and a test algebra for counterexamples in characteristic p.

This volume contains original research articles, survey articles and lecture notes related to the Computations with Modular Forms 2011 Summer School and Conference, held at the University of Heidelberg. A key theme of the Conference and Summer School was the interplay between theory, algorithms and experiment. The 14 papers offer readers both, instructional courses on the latest algorithms for computing modular and automorphic forms, as well as original research articles reporting on the latest developments in the field. The three Summer School lectures provide an introduction to modern algorithms together with some theoretical background for computations of and with modular forms, including computing cohomology of arithmetic groups, algebraic automorphic forms, and overconvergent modular symbols. The 11 Conference papers cover a wide range of themes related to computations with modular forms, including lattice methods for algebraic modular forms on classical groups, a generalization of the Maeda conjecture, an efficient algorithm for special values of p-adic Rankin triple product L-functions, arithmetic aspects and experimental data of Bianchi groups, a theoretical study of the real Jacobian of modular curves, results on computing weight one modular forms, and more.

The aim of this book is to present recent results in both theoretical and applied knot theory-which are at the same time stimulating for leading researchers in the field as well as accessible to non-experts. The book comprises recent research results while covering a wide range of different sub-disciplines, such as the young field of geometric knot theory, combinatorial knot theory, as well as applications in microbiology and theoretical physics.

Anyone who has studied "abstract algebra" and linear algebra as an undergraduate can understand this book. This edition has been completely revised and reorganized, without however losing any of the clarity of presentation that was the hallmark of the previous editions.The first six chapters provide ample material for a first course: beginning with the basic properties of groups and homomorphisms, topics covered include Lagrange's theorem, the Noether isomorphism theorems, symmetric groups, G-sets, the Sylow theorems, finite Abelian groups, the Krull-Schmidt theorem, solvable and nilpotent groups, and the Jordan-Holder theorem.The middle portion of the book uses the Jordan-Holder theorem to organize the discussion of extensions (automorphism groups, semidirect products, the Schur-Zassenhaus lemma, Schur multipliers) and simple groups (simplicity of projective unimodular groups and, after a return to G-sets, a construction of the sporadic Mathieu groups).

This volume publishes key proceedings from the recent International Conference on Hopf Algebras held at DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois. With contributions from leading researchers in the field, this collection deals with current topics ranging from categories of infinitesimal Hopf modules and bimodules to the construction of a Hopf algebraic Morita invariant. It uses the newly introduced theory of bi-Frobenius algebras to investigate a notion of group-like algebras and summarizes results on the classification of Hopf algebras of dimension pq. It also explores pre-Lie, dendriform, and Nichols algebras and discusses support cones for infinitesimal group schemes.

Just as the circle number or the Euler constant e determines mathematics, fundamental constants of nature define the scales of the natural sciences. This book presents a new perspective by means of a few axioms and compares the resulting validity with experimental data. By the axiomatic approach Sommerfeld's mysterious fine-structure constant and Dirac's cosmic number are fixed as pure number constants. Thanks to these number constants, it is possible to calculate the value for the anomalous magnetic-moment of the electron in a simple way compared to QED calculations. With the same number constants it is also possible to calculate masses, partial lifetimes, magnetic-moments or charge radii of fundamental particles. The expressions used for the calculations, with few exceptions, yield values within the experimental error limits of the Particle Data Group. The author shows that the introduced number constants give even better predictions than the complicated QED calculations of today's doctrine. In the first part only experimental data from the literature for checking the postulates are used. In the second part the author explains electrical transport measurements with emergent behaviour, which were carried out in a professional environment.

Originally published in 1982, Time Resources, Society and Ecology examines and seeks to examine the time dimension in terms of the ecology, technology, social organization and spatial structure of the human habitat. Approaches to time resources - sociological time-budget studies, anthropological activity analysis, and economic analysis of money allocation - have been limited by their sectoral scope or their failure to relate effectively to the processes of social interaction, technological change and environmental structure. In this book, the book's articulation of time resources is developed in a general theoretical framework of action and interaction in time and space. The book examines constraints and possibilities facing preindustrial societies and throws light on the impact of technology on modern societies. Basic models of time allocation are presented, and, finally, a cross-cultural comparison is made of the mobilization of time resources in preindustrial societies. Geographers, social anthropologists and human ecologists should find this work directly relevant to their interest in understanding the interactions between man and environment.

This monograph is devoted to monoidal categories and their connections with 3-dimensional topological field theories. Starting with basic definitions, it proceeds to the forefront of current research. Part 1 introduces monoidal categories and several of their classes, including rigid, pivotal, spherical, fusion, braided, and modular categories. It then presents deep theorems of Muger on the center of a pivotal fusion category. These theorems are proved in Part 2 using the theory of Hopf monads. In Part 3 the authors define the notion of a topological quantum field theory (TQFT) and construct a Turaev-Viro-type 3-dimensional state sum TQFT from a spherical fusion category. Lastly, in Part 4 this construction is extended to 3-manifolds with colored ribbon graphs, yielding a so-called graph TQFT (and, consequently, a 3-2-1 extended TQFT). The authors then prove the main result of the monograph: the state sum graph TQFT derived from any spherical fusion category is isomorphic to the Reshetikhin-Turaev surgery graph TQFT derived from the center of that category. The book is of interest to researchers and students studying topological field theory, monoidal categories, Hopf algebras and Hopf monads.

The series is aimed specifically at publishing peer reviewed reviews and contributions presented at workshops and conferences. Each volume is associated with a particular conference, symposium or workshop. These events cover various topics within pure and applied mathematics and provide up-to-date coverage of new developments, methods and applications.

Noncommutative Geometry and Cayley-smooth Orders explains the theory of Cayley-smooth orders in central simple algebras over function fields of varieties. In particular, the book describes the etale local structure of such orders as well as their central singularities and finite dimensional representations. After an introduction to partial desingularizations of commutative singularities from noncommutative algebras, the book presents the invariant theoretic description of orders and their centers. It proceeds to introduce etale topology and its use in noncommutative algebra as well as to collect the necessary material on representations of quivers. The subsequent chapters explain the etale local structure of a Cayley-smooth order in a semisimple representation, classify the associated central singularity to smooth equivalence, describe the nullcone of these marked quiver representations, and relate them to the study of all isomorphism classes of n-dimensional representations of a Cayley-smooth order. The final chapters study Quillen-smooth algebras via their finite dimensional representations. Noncommutative Geometry and Cayley-smooth Orders provides a gentle introduction to one of mathematics' and physics' hottest topics.

Radical Theory of Rings distills the most noteworthy present-day theoretical topics, gives a unified account of the classical structure theorems for rings, and deepens understanding of key aspects of ring theory via ring and radical constructions. Assimilating radical theory's evolution in the decades since the last major work on rings and radicals was published, the authors deal with some distinctive features of the radical theory of nonassociative rings, associative rings with involution, and near-rings. Written in clear algebraic terms by globally acknowledged authorities, the presentation includes more than 500 landmark and up-to-date references providing direction for further research.

Interest in finite automata theory continues to grow, not only because of its applications in computer science, but also because of more recent applications in mathematics, particularly group theory and symbolic dynamics. The subject itself lies on the boundaries of mathematics and computer science, and with a balanced approach that does justice to both aspects, this book provides a well-motivated introduction to the mathematical theory of finite automata. The first half of Finite Automata focuses on the computer science side of the theory and culminates in Kleene's Theorem, which the author proves in a variety of ways to suit both computer scientists and mathematicians. In the second half, the focus shifts to the mathematical side of the theory and constructing an algebraic approach to languages. Here the author proves two main results: Schutzenberger's Theorem on star-free languages and the variety theorem of Eilenberg and Schutzenberger. Accessible even to students with only a basic knowledge of discrete mathematics, this treatment develops the underlying algebra gently but rigorously, and nearly 200 exercises reinforce the concepts. Whether your students' interests lie in computer science or mathematics, the well organized and flexible presentation of Finite Automata provides a route to understanding that you can tailor to their particular tastes and abilities.