The globe is warming and while no one knows what will happen as a result, it is clear that slowing the process is a necessary goal. Other studies have considered ?warming fates?, this one brings sophisticated computer modeling to bear on ways of minimizing the risks. Fossil carbon emissions, other trace gases and releases from other sources are all taken into account, and the authors demonstrate the global need to produce a budget for cumulative releases between now and the year 2100. They also demonstrate the need to return to a rate of forest carbon storage equal to that of the mid-1980s. These budgets look at issues of international equity and the ways of moving to a binding agreement. The price of failure to control GHG emissions may be uncertain, but it will be more than anyone can afford. Political will lies at the root of successful climate stabilization and major capital and technology transfers to Third World countries will be needed if there is to be any chance of success. This book provides an agenda for advance. ?A book which] throws into stark relief the mountain still to be climbed before the world community can agree on a credible programme to tackle global warming.? David Thomas, Financial Times Originally published in 1991

Transport, in particular the motor vehicle, is a major source of environmental disruption and, in the developed world, accounts for thirty percent of energy consumption. In most countries, transport policy is a major government concern, yet it is rare for decisions to be made outside a narrow set of sectoral considerations. This book, commissioned by the OECD, looks at seven countries; the UK, the USA, West Germany, France, The Netherlands, Greece and Italy. Each case demonstrates, in different ways, the problems in transport policies produced by the failure is a consequence of departmental division: transport, the environment, the exchequer, etc. all have their own, quite separate ministries. Here, a group of economists have demonstrated both the folly of such partial ways of thinking and, in writing their critiques of specific disaster, have provided models for ways forward. Originally published in 1990

From fuelwood in developing countries to the disposal of nuclear waste, energy issues have long been at the heart of the sustainability debate. Also taking in cities and transport, the Energy and Infrastructure set of volumes tackles a diverse array of questions with enduring relevance for current policy and technology. In the last two decades, environmental threats and the challenge of sustainability have moved to the very centre of political, business and, increasingly, personal agendas. The Earthscan Library Collection has been created to bring back into print the seminal texts in sustainability from the past 25 years. The Collection offers a unique opportunity to gain broad, archival coverage of all aspects of sustainability. It allows the individual as well as institutional purchaser the ability to acquire volumes by many of the most well-respected thinkers and authors across the subject.

People scratching a living from parched land, women walking miles for scraps of firewood are both familiar images of Africa. But, in many places, people, with the help of governments and aid agencies, are putting the land into good shape, growing more food and creating a healthy cover of trees. This book joins the ?literature of hope? by looking at these advances from the viewpoint of the energy crisis of the poor. This crisis can only be solved by going beyond the narrow confines of energy to consider all the needs of local people and the potential for change. Drawing on a wide range of case histories, the authors describe the gains in farming and forestry ? and woodfuel supply ? that have come about through this broader, people-centered approach. They also write about woodfuel prices, markets and other key elements of survival strategies for the cities. Huge efforts will be needed to recover from the failures of the past, but Leach and Mearns show that important lessons are at last being learned and that new roads to success can be mapped.Originally published in 1988

The issue of 'sustainability' in the developed world is nowhere more critical than in the field of personal travel, which in many countries has become the fastest-growing contributor to global warming. Unless the use of cars can be brought under control, there is little chance of meeting government targets for reducing greenhouse emissions. Personal Transport and the Greenhouse Effect sets out the steps that could be taken to lessen the conflict between personal mobility and long-term environmental security. It provides a detailed analysis of the policy options available for limiting carbon dioxide emissions, and highlights the limitations of technological measures in solving the problem. Instead, the book's 12-point plan for sustainability shows how a significant reduction in emissions requires the use of all the policy measures available. This valuable contribution to a crucial area of debate covering energy, transport policy and the environment will be essential reading for policy makers, planners and students alike. Peter Huges is deputy editor of Local Transport Today, and has contributed to a wide range of publications including The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, New Scientist and Energy Policy. Originally published in 1993

Energy is an issue for everyone and nowhere more so than in the SADCC countries. But for sensible policy and planning, clear information about the extent of resources is needed. This innovative study combines the results of field assessment of biomass with advanced techniques in remote sensing by satellite to give the first comprehensive and detailed picture of biomass distribution throughout the SADCC region. The authors describe their techniques, classify the kinds of biomass and give its distribution, by that classification, in all nine SADCC countries. Woody biomass resources and supplies are clearly analysed. This book is essential reading for project officers, planners and all others involved in the collection and analysis of data on biomass resources throughout the world. Originally published in 1988

In 1990, energy in the UK underwent a unique and fundamental transformation, with the privatization of the electricity supply industry. This is the first book to fully assess the experiment. It first explains how - and why - the British electricity supply industry was privatized. It then identifies the subsequent changes in electricity prices, profits, employment, investment, nuclear power and renewable, and the extent to which each of these was due solely to privatization or to other factors, or could have come about by reform of the previous model, rather than privatization. Finally, the authors analyse the key unresolved issues of regulation, introducing competition into the domestic energy market in 1998, supply security, and other long-term strategic considerations. Throughout, the distinguish between the uniquely British elements of the experience and those which can be drawn upon by other countries embarking upon similar reforms. Today, governments throughout the world are looking to the UK's experience as a potential prototype for the restructure of their own electricity supply industries. For them, and for electricity utilities, fuel and power plant suppliers, regulation authorities, financial analysts, international agencies, journalists and academics alike, this thorough and pragmatic study will be essential reading. 'This is likely to become the definitive book on the first six years of the great British electricity experiment' Walt Patterson The British Electricity Experiment is the result of a detailed study undertaken by the Energy Programme at the science Policy Research unit (SPRU). Professor John Surrey was head of SPR's Energy Programme between 1969 and 1986. He has worked with the central Electricity Generating Board, as a government Economic Adviser, and as a Specialist Adviser to numerous House of Commons Select Committee inquiries on energy matters. Originally published in 1996

Every day throughout Britain, by road, by rail and by sea, there are large numbers of routine movements of radioactive cargo. Materials at all stages of the nuclear cycle, from uranium ore to nuclear waste, from nuclear warheads to radioactive isotopes used in medicine, are constantly on the move. In normal circumstances handling low-level material exposes workers to small doses of radiation, but a serious accident could lead to widespread contamination and to the major risk of additional deaths from cancer. The accident record is not good. There are repeated small accidents and many people believe that the major accident is simply waiting to happen. This book gives a thorough account of what is moved, by wham and far what purpose. It considers the risks, including that of terrorism, the safety record and the precautions. It also highlights the perils of the secrecy surrounding the industry: for example, local councils are responsible for coping with any accident, but are not told when or where nuclear movements are taking place. Martin Bond's careful work is a large step towards order in a chaotic industry. Originally published in 1992

This interdisciplinary and accessible new volume presents a broad range of application-based green chemistry and engineering research. The book familiarizes readers with the integration of tools and spell out the approaches for green engineering of new processes as well as improving the environmental risks of existing processes. The expert authors discuss the myriad opportunities and the challenges facing green chemistry today in both its theoretical and practical implementation. The book expands upon green chemistry concepts with the latest research and new and innovative applications, providing both the breadth and depth researchers need. Topics include solar energy, electrospinning of bio-based polymeric nanofibers, biotransformation, engineered nanomaterials in environmental protection, and much more.

This definitive guide to developing renewable energy CDM projects in Latin America - the largest market on the doorstep of the United States - provides business leaders, investors, project developers and host country offices with the one-stop guide to successful CDM renewable energy project development. The book opens with an accessible guide to the CDM that explains what it is and how it works in both theory and practice with a step-by-step guide for investors, project developers, consultants and Designated National Authorities (DNAs). The book then provides valuable country-by-country market analysis of Latin America with a focus on the electrical sector, renewable energy incentives and the overall investment climate that provides an authoritative guide to the most and least favourable places to develop projects. The final section provides guidance for how to overcome the identified barriers with practical actions for successful project development.

Considers the life-cycle cost analysis of designing energy efficient electrical distribution systems. Addresses design requirements to integrate buildings with smart grids and micro-grids. Provides an overview of both standard and energy efficient electrical distribution components, including transformers, protection devices, conductors, controllers, and panels. Features a new chapter on optimal design energy efficient and resilient power systems. Includes case studies, exercises, and end-of-chapter problems.

Covers three important aspects of smart cities i.e., healthcare, smart communication and information, and smart transportation technologies Discusses on various security aspects of medical documents and the data preserving mechanisms Provides better solution using IoT techniques for healthcare, transportation, and communication systems Includes the implementation example, various datasets, experimental results, and simulation procedures Offers solution for various disease prediction systems with intelligent techniques

As we witness a series of social, political, cultural, and economic changes/disruptions this book examines the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the way emerging technologies are impacting our lives and changing society. The Fourth Industrial Revolution is characterised by the emergence of new technologies that are blurring the boundaries between the physical, the digital, and the biological worlds. This book allows readers to explore how these technologies will impact peoples' lives by 2030. It helps readers to not only better understand the use and implications of emerging technologies, but also to imagine how their individual life will be shaped by them. The book provides an opportunity to see the great potential but also the threats and challenges presented by the emerging technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, posing questions for the reader to think about what future they want. Emerging technologies, such as robotics, artificial intelligence, big data and analytics, cloud computing, nanotechnology, biotechnology, the Internet of Things, fifth-generation wireless technologies (5G), and fully autonomous vehicles, among others, will have a significant impact on every aspect of our lives, as such this book looks at their potential impact in the entire spectrum of daily life, including home life, travel, education and work, health, entertainment and social life. Providing an indication of what the world might look like in 2030, this book is essential reading for students, scholars, professionals, and policymakers interested in the nexus between emerging technologies and sustainable development, politics and society, and global governance.

Presents potential biotechnological topics and strategies for the valuation of agricultural waste materials Provides technical concepts on the production of various commercially significant bio-products Introduces various microbial bioprocesses to sustainably valorise various potential wastes as renewable feedstocks for production of biofuels and biochemicals Explores the relevant scale-up opportunities, commercialization aspects and critical technological advances Explains concepts and recent trends in life cycle analyses in waste valorization

The Futureproof City creates adaptability and resiliency in the face of the unknown challenges resulting from technological change, population explosion, global pandemic, and environmental crisis. A paradigm shift is urgently required in the means of conceiving, delivering, and managing city development to create better places to live. This book brings to the fore many new solutions currently being proposed and piloted globally, identifying ten key areas affecting the physical fabric of our cities where governments, planners, investors, and the individuals responsible for shaping lives can refocus their understanding, priorities, and funding in order to more effectively utilise the limited financial, natural, and time resources available. It will be key reading for every policy maker and professional working in sustainability, development, technology, health and welfare, investment, and risk issues in cities today.

Biomass is a key resource for meeting the energy and material demands of mankind in the future. As a result, businesses and technologies are developing around biomass processing and its applications. Transformation of Biomass: Theory to Practice explores the modern applications of biomass and bio-based residues for the generation of energy, heat and chemical products. The first chapter presents readers with a broad overview of biomass and its composition, conversion routes and products. The following chapters deal with specific technologies, including anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis and gasification, as well as hydrothermal and supercritical conversion. Each chapter details current practises, recent developments, business case models and comprehensive analysis of the problems associated with each approach, and how to optimize them. Topics covered include: * Anaerobic digestion * Reactor design * Pyrolysis * Catalysis in biomass transformation * Engines for combined heat and power * Influence of feedstocks on performance and products * Bio-hydrogen from biomass * Analysis of bio-oils * Numerical simulation and formal kinetic parameters evaluation * Business case development This textbook will provide students, researchers and industry professionals with a practical and accessible guide to the essential skills required to advance in the field of bioenergy.

China's Belt and Road Initiatives (BRI) is an ambitious infrastructure project conceived in 2013 by President Xi Jinping with development and investment initiatives stretching from Asia and Europe that reflect the original Silk Road with business networks through countries such as Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, as well as India and Pakistan, spanning a route of more than four thousand miles and history that can be dated back more than 2200 years. Given the background of China's unique approach in fighting the COVID-19, and against the backdrop of sluggish economic growth, innovation and management within the sustainable development of BRI will be the key and the driving force for the post-pandemic economic recovery for many countries, especially when BRI countries now accounts for nearly 30% of China's foreign trade and 15% of outward direct investment. The vision to create a vast network of railways, energy pipelines, highways, and streamlined border crossings to expand the international use of Chinese currency and improve connectivity to China is good foresight and fortuitous with COVID-19 pandemic came to plague the world, and amid in the conflicts between US and China as well as a War between Russia and Ukraine. Since the inception of BRI many books are written to cover topics ranging from globalization to detailing how China's business and politics as a major motivation for China's overseas economic activities with case studies and practices, yet seldom of these books provide structured approach to the sustainable management of BRI projects. This book is about how to manage innovation, sustainability, and business necessary to make BRI works, and how to handle the issues, problems and crisis that may arise thereof. Participants of BRI projects can take many different roles but ultimately it is team effort and leadership for each project. Here the readers will find guidelines and insights to survive and prosper in a myriad of BRI opportunities and risks. Most important of all, this book provides a glimpse of different approach for success in BRI projects, including sustainability, environmental issues, social and political aspects, technological, choice of industry, project management, education and training, governance and many more.

Presents current research in AOP techniques along with hybrid technologies Covers latest advances in technological know-how for remediation of wastewater soiled with micropollutants Discusses pressing environmental pollution issues associated with AOPs needed for wastewater remediation Presents future perspective as well as techno-economic analysis in implementing various AOPs Reviews strategies to limit the micropollutants in water bodies

• Covers all aspects of why CBRN studies should be integrated into police education. • Provides guidance on teaching aspects of police education and practical information on scene sampling and chain of custody principles. • The first book to focus on why police need CBRN training to act effectively as first responders to incidents in the community.

In the search for sustainable architecture, there is growing interest in the relationship between nature and design. In this vital new book, the term bioclimatic, relating to the dynamic between climate and living organisms, is applied by the authors in focusing on countries where housing requires cooling for a significant part of the year. In this context, Bioclimatic Housing covers creative, vernacular architecture to present both the theory and practice of innovative, low-energy architecture. The book interweaves the themes of social progress, technological fixes and industry transformation within a discussion of global and country trends, climate types, solutions and technologies. Prepared under the auspices of a 5-year International Energy Agency (IEA) project, and with case studies from Iran, Malaysia, Australia, Japan, Sri Lanka and Italy, this is a truly international and authoritative work, providing an essential primer for building designers, builders, developers and advanced students in architecture and engineering.

Forever Chemicals: Environmental, Economic, and Social Equity Concerns with PFAS in the Environment provides the reader with an understanding of the complex and interwoven issues associated with per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) in our environment. The chapters provide in-depth perspective into various issues, including health, regulation, detection, clean-up strategies and technologies, and more. Taken together or as the reader's interests lead them, the variety of topics covered in the book present a balanced perspective on this complex topic. It will address the current state of PFAS and where indicators are pointing for future developments. The book is also a deeper investigation of the regulatory challenges, analytical hurdles, and toxicological progress to date for the suite of PFAS chemicals. Features Explains the trends that will affect future policy and regulatory decisions Looks holistically at 4000+ PFAS chemicals Includes PFAS risk assessments at contaminated sites and biomonitoring insights Provides in-depth discussions on remediation technologies Illustrates quality and diversified content Provides a balanced perspective on this complex topic

Updated throughout and adds new and fully revised chapters. Focuses on the global trends and mandates toward environmental sustainability. Examines the latest international legislation involving climate change. Includes coverage of oil & gas industries, as well as nuclear and renewable energy.

Features Comprehensive overview of energy storage devices, an important field of interest for researchers worldwide. Explores the importance and growing impact of batteries and supercapacitors. Emphasizes the fundamental theories, electrochemical mechanism and its computational view point, but also discusses recent developments in electrode designing based on nanomaterials, separators, fabrication of advanced devices and their performances.

Modern Computational Techniques for Engineering Applications presents recent computational techniques used in the advancement of modern grids with the integration of non-conventional energy sources like wind and solar energy. It covers data analytics tools for smart cities, smart towns, and smart computing for sustainable development. This book- Discusses the importance of renewable energy source applications wind turbines and solar panels for electrical grids. Presents optimization-based computing techniques like fuzzy logic, neural networks, and genetic algorithms that enhance the computational speed. Showcases cloud computing tools and methodologies such as cybersecurity testbeds and data security for better accuracy of data. Covers novel concepts on artificial neural networks, fuzzy systems, machine learning, and artificial intelligence techniques. Highlights application-based case studies including cloud computing, optimization methods, and the Industrial Internet of Things. The book comprehensively introduces modern computational techniques, starting from basic tools to highly advanced procedures, and their applications. It further highlights artificial neural networks, fuzzy systems, machine learning, and artificial intelligence techniques and how they form the basis for algorithms. It presents application-based case studies on cloud computing, optimization methods, blockchain technology, fog and edge computing, and the Industrial Internet of Things. It will be a valuable resource for senior undergraduates, graduate students, and academic researchers in diverse fields, including electrical engineering, electronics and communications engineering, and computer engineering.