Hybrid Nuclear Energy Systems: A Sustainable Solution for the 21st Century provides practical insights on the environmental impact of the hybrid systems discussed, as well as important technical, economic, licensing and safety considerations. This book acts as a guide for the implementation of hybrid energy systems and authoritatively compares the benefits and possible downfalls of each technology. This enables the reader to analyze their own setting or research and evaluate the most economical and effective solution. Energy engineering researchers and professional engineers will benefit from the practical and technical approach of this book. This book will also benefit regulators and economists who will gain a clear understanding of how a hybrid system is not only designed, but also how societies will benefit from a cleaner and more abundant energy source.

Waste to Renewable Biohydrogen: Volume 1: Advances in Theory and Experiments provides a comprehensive overview of the advances, processes and technologies for waste treatment to hydrogen production. It introduces and compares the most widely adopted and most promising technologies, such as dark fermentation, thermochemical and photosynthetic processes. In this part, potential estimation, feasibility analysis, feedstock pretreatment, advanced waste-to-biohydrogen processes and each individual systems element are examined. The book delves into the theoretical and experimental studies for the design and optimization of different waste-to-biohydrogen processes and systems. Covering several advanced waste-to-biohydrogen pretreatment and production processes, this book investigates the future trends and the promising pathways for biohydrogen production from waste.

Microgrid Protection and Control is the result of numerous research works and publications by R&D engineers and scientists of the Microgrid and Energy Internet Research Centre. Through the authors long-routed experience in the microgrid and energy internet industry, this book looks at the sophisticated protection and control issues connected to the special nature of microgrid. The book explains the different ways of classifying types of microgrids and common misconceptions, looking at industrial and research trends along with the different technical issues and challenges faced with deploying microgrid in various settings. Forecasting short-term demand and renewable generation for optimal operation is covered with techniques for accurate enhancement supported with practical application examples. With chapters on dynamic, transient and tertiary control and experimental and simulation tests this reference is useful for all those working in the research, engineering and application of microgrids and power distribution systems.

Sustainable Fuel Technologies Handbook provides a thorough thermodynamic analysis of new and current methods to give detailed insight into energy efficiency processes. This book includes the production methods, storage systems, and applications in various engines, as well as the safety related issues associated with all stages of production, storage, and utilization. With a comparison of cost implications and a techno-economic evaluation checking the feasibility of sustainable fuel use, this handbook is an invaluable reference source for researchers, professionals, and scientists working in the field of sustainability. The present power from solar, biomass, wind, hydrogen and other forms of renewable energy generated from sustainable sources can be harvested by various means and utilized in a variety of industries, supporting the need for clean fuels in modern society. However, there is still limited global availability and insufficient storage, which are required for efficient and effective harvesting of sustainable fuels.

Bioenergy Resources and Technologies presents advanced approaches and applications of bioenergy resources, with a strong focus on environmental sustainability. Chapters on the applications of bioenergy, the implementation of bioenergy as an alternative fuel, and future energy security make this an invaluable and unique resource to further advance the field. This book provides new information and novel techniques across a variety of bioenergy applications, with the book's authors addressing key uses for bioenergy resources as an alternative fuel. Various case studies and examples help demonstrate meaning and provide additional clarity. Social and economic aspects are included for each technology discussed, along with a number of research works and their findings in a diverse mix of areas including energy, environmental science, biotechnology, chemical engineering and mechanical engineering. Researchers and professionals in these disciplines will gain knowledge on the underlying concepts, technologies, fuel applications and solutions to global environmental issues using bioenergy resources.

The depletion of fossil fuels is a major issue in energy generation; hence, biomass and renewable energy sources, especially bioenergy, are the solution. The dependence on bioenergy has many benefits to mitigate environmental pollution. It is imperative that the global society adopts these alternative, sustainable energy sources in order to mitigate the constant growth of climate change. Biomass and Bioenergy Solutions for Climate Change Mitigation and Sustainability highlights the challenges of energy conservation and current scenarios of existing fossil fuel uses along with pollution potential of burning fossil fuel. It further promotes the inventory, assessment, and use of biomass, pollution control, and techniques. This book provides the solution for climate change, mitigation, and sustainability. Covering topics such as biofuel policies, economic considerations, and microalgae biofuels, this premier reference source is an essential resource for environmental scientists, environmental engineers, government officials, business leaders, politicians, librarians, students and faculty of higher education, researchers, and academicians.

Exergy: Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development, Third Edition provides a systematic overview of new and developed systems, new practical examples, problems and case studies on several key topics ranging from the basics of thermodynamic concepts to advanced exergy analysis techniques in a wide range of applications. With an ancillary online package and solutions manual, this reference connects exergy with three essential areas in terms of energy, environment and sustainable development. As such, it is a thorough reference for professionals who are solving problems related to design, analysis, modeling and assessment.

Nanomaterials: Application in Biofuels and Bioenergy Production Systems looks at how biofuels and bioenergy can be part of the "sustainable" solution to the worlds energy problems. By addressing bioenergy products compared to their fossil energy counterparts, covering research and development in biofuels applied with nanomaterials this book analyzes the future trends and how biofuels and bioenergy can contribute to its optimization. Starting from fundamentals up to synthesis, characterization and applications of nanomaterials in biofuels and bioenergy production systems, the chapters include the procedures needed for introducing nanomaterials in these specific sectors along with the benefits derived from their applications. Including the hazards and environmental effects of nanomaterials in bioenergy applications, sustainability issues and a techno-economic analysis of the topic, this book provides researchers in bioscience, energy & environment and bioengineering with an up to date look at the full life cycle assessment of nanomaterials in bioenergy.

Agricultural Waste Diversity and Sustainability Issues: Sub Saharan Africa as Case Study presents solutions for overcoming limitations, guiding developmental processes, and improving knowledge transfer in agricultural waste management and development. The book gives considerable attention to treatment and conversion, with best management practices involving the reduction and elimination of waste volume in its various forms, sectors and streams. Sections cover waste management in the agriculture and food sector, including methodological approaches in waste preparation and processes, the most important energy generation techniques and strategies, and best practices, management, sustainability, associated technologies, accountability, communications, and involvement surrounding diverse stakeholders. Agricultural Waste Diversity and Sustainability Issues: Sub Saharan Africa as Case Study illustrates the use of mathematical models to minimize operational cost in agro-waste management processes and discusses the application of eco-efficiency. Ultimately, the book focuses on the prospect of agro-wastes management and risk associated in the sub-Saharan African region, including Nigeria, Uganda, and South Africa as case studies.

Sustainable Materials for Transitional and Alternative Energy, a new release in the Advanced Materials and Sensors for the Oil and Gas Industry series, comprises a list of processes across the energy industry coupled with the latest research involving advanced nanomaterials. Topics include green-based nanomaterials towards carbon capture, the importance of coal gasification in terms of fossil fuels and advanced materials utilized for fuel cells. Supplied from contributing experts in both academic and corporate backgrounds, the reference contains a precise balance on the developments, applications, advantages and challenges remaining. The book addresses real solutions as energy companies continue to deliver energy needs while lowering emissions. The oil and gas industry are shifting and implementing innovative ways to produce energy in an environmentally friendly way. One approach involves solutions developed using advanced materials and nanotechnology. Nanomaterials are delivering new alternatives for engineers making this a timely product for today's market.

Power Electronic Converters for Solar Photovoltaic Systems provides design and implementation procedures for power electronic converters and advanced controllers to improve standalone and grid environment solar photovoltaics performance. Sections cover performance and improvement of solar photovoltaics under various conditions with the aid of intelligent controllers, allowing readers to better understand the nuances of power electronic converters for renewable energy systems. With algorithm development and real-time implementation procedures, this reference is useful for those interested in power electronics for performance improvement in distributed energy resources, design of advanced controllers, and measurement of critical parameters surrounding renewable energy systems. By providing a complete solution for performance improvement in solar PV with novel control techniques, this book will appeal to researchers and engineers working in power electronic converters, renewable energy, and power quality.

This second edition of Concentrating Solar Power Technology edited by Keith Lovegrove and Wes Stein presents a fully updated comprehensive review of the latest technologies and knowledge, from the fundamental science to systems design, development, and applications. Part one introduces the fundamental principles of CSP systems, including site selection and feasibility analysis, alongside socio-economic and environmental assessments. Part two focuses on technologies including linear Fresnel reflector technology, parabolic-trough, central tower, and parabolic dish CSP systems, and concentrating photovoltaic systems. Thermal energy storage, hybridization with fossil fuel power plants, and the long-term market potential of CSP technology are also explored. Part three goes on to discuss optimization, improvements, and applications, such as absorber materials for solar thermal receivers, design optimization through integrated techno-economic modelling, and heliostat size optimization. With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Concentrating Solar Power Technology, Second Edition is an essential guide for all those involved or interested in the design, production, development, optimization, and application of CSP technology, including renewable energy engineers and consultants, environmental governmental departments, solar thermal equipment manufacturers, researchers, and academics.

Distributed Renewable Energies for Off-Grid Communities: Empowering a Sustainable, Competitive, and Secure Twenty-First Century, Second Edition, is a fully revised reference on advances in achieving successful energy transition. Addressing the highly dynamic, complex and multidimensional process of a dominant socio-technical system transforming into another, this up-to-date reference addresses all stages of this complex process with data and figures to demonstrate how to tackle the process of changing a society's energy circumstance. This new edition provides an updated picture of renewables in communities and their use, covering energy concepts, strategies, prospects and combining all aspects to provide a roadmap to self-sustainable development. Addressing the influence of society on the development of renewable industry, this book provides guidelines with case studies, along with trends and innovative practices regarding renewable energy and their applications with a goal of successfully establishing smooth energy transitions in self-sustainable communities.

Design and Performance Optimization of Renewable Energy Systems provides an integrated discussion of issues relating to renewable energy performance design and optimization using advanced thermodynamic analysis with modern methods to configure major renewable energy plant configurations (solar, geothermal, wind, hydro, PV). Vectors of performance enhancement reviewed include thermodynamics, heat transfer, exergoeconomics and neural network techniques. Source technologies studied range across geothermal power plants, hydroelectric power, solar power towers, linear concentrating PV, parabolic trough solar collectors, grid-tied hybrid solar PV/Fuel cell for freshwater production, and wind energy systems. Finally, nanofluids in renewable energy systems are reviewed and discussed from the heat transfer enhancement perspective.

Geothermal Energy Systems provides design and analysis methodologies by using exergy and enhanced exergy tools (covering exergoenvironmental, exergoeconomic, exergetic life cycle assessment, etc.), environmental impact assessment models, and sustainability models and approaches. In addition to presenting newly developed advanced and integrated systems for multigenerational purposes, the book discusses newly developed environmental impact assessment and sustainability evaluation methods and methodologies. With case studies for integrated geothermal energy sources for multigenerational aims, engineers can design and develop new geothermal integrated systems for various applications and discover the main advantages of design choices, system analysis, assessment and development of advanced geothermal power systems.

The Handbook of Microalgae-based Processes and Products provides a complete overview of all aspects involved in the production and utilization of microalgae resources at commercial scale. Divided into four parts (fundamentals, microalgae-based processes, microalgae-based products, and engineering approaches applied to microalgal processes and products), the book explores the microbiology and metabolic aspects of microalgae, microalgal production systems, wastewater treatment based in microalgae, CO2 capture using microalgae, microalgae harvesting techniques, and extraction and purification of biomolecules from microalgae. It covers the largest number of microalgal products of commercial relevance, including biogas, biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen, single-cell protein, single-cell oil, biofertilizers, pigments, polyunsaturated fatty acids, bioactive proteins, peptides and amino acids, bioactive polysaccharides, sterols, bioplastics, UV-screening compounds, and volatile organic compounds. Moreover, it presents and discusses the available engineering tools applied to microalgae biotechnology, such as process integration, process intensification, and techno-economic analysis applied to microalgal processes and products, microalgal biorefineries, life cycle assessment, and exergy analysis of microalgae-based processes and products. The coverage of a broad range of potential microalgae processes and products in a single volume makes this handbook an indispensable reference for engineering researchers in academia and industry in the fields of bioenergy, sustainable development, and high-value compounds from biomass, as well as graduate students exploring those areas. Engineering professionals in bio-based industries will also find valuable information here when planning or implementing the use of microalgal technologies.

Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion - Technologies, Applications and Environmental Impacts features comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge on the photovoltaic solar energy conversion technology and describes its different aspects in the context of most recent scientific and technological advances. It also provides an insight into future developments in this field by covering four distinct topics include "PV Cells and Modules", "Applications of PV Systems", "Life Cycle and Environmental Impacts" and "PV Market and Policies".

Biomethane Production from Vegetable and Water Hyacinth Waste explores the production of biomethane from vegetable waste and water hyacinth via anaerobic fermentation, focusing on effect factors, control methods and optimization. The book introduces principles and key technologies before proceeding into a deeper exploration of the fundamentals of municipal vegetable waste, such as composition, main indicators, experiment devices, and pretreatment. Processes to produce volatile fatty acids and resource recovery from anaerobic fermentation liquid and residue are described in detail. Other topics covered include the utilization of fermentation products, engineering design of a reaction tank, process parameters, and environmental and economic aspects. The practical, application-oriented approach of this book allows engineering researchers, PhD students, and industry practitioners in the field of biogas and biomethane production, biomass conversion, and waste management to immediately utilize the information it provides.

Solar PV Power: Design, Manufacturing and Applications from Sand to Systems details developments in the solar cell manufacturing process, including information from system design straight through to the entire value chain of Solar PV Manufacturing. In addition, the book includes aspects of ground mounted grid connected solar PV systems and optimization for solar PV plants, economic analyses, and reliability and performance. The advances and processes of solar product technology and reliability, along with the performance of solar PV plants and operational and maintenance aspects with advance diagnostic techniques are also presented, making this an ideal resource. With rapid change in the manufacturing process, it is crucial for solar cells and solar PV modules to adapt to new developments in solar products, especially with regard to reliability, financial aspects and performance.

Bioremediation and Nutrients and Other Valuable Products Recovery: Using Bio-electrochemical Systems reviews key applications in transforming fuel waste substrates into simple low impact and easily assimilative compounds that are environmentally non-labile and tolerant. The book emphasizes waste treatment and nutrient removal and recovery from a diverse array of waste substrates, utilizing Bioelectrochemical Systems (BES) approaches. Throughout, the work emphasizes the utilization of electrode and/or electrolyte components in building self-sustaining fuel cell systems that target the removal of both conventional and emerging pollutants, along with the production of energy. Bioremediation strategies with potential scale-up options for wastewater treatment, metal removal and soil remediation drug derivates and emerging contaminants are discussed with particular emphasis. Chapters explore applications for these varied pollutants, together with prospects in waste minimization, nutrient recycling, water purification and bioremediation of natural resources.

Delivering Low-Carbon Biofuels with Bioproduct Recovery: An Integrated Approach to Commercializing Bioelectrochemical Systems explores current pathways to produce both the bioenergy from bioelectroactive fuel cells (BEFC) and their valuable byproducts using bioelectrochemical systems (BES) approaches. The book focuses on key methods, current designs and established variants of biofuels processing approaches, also including case studies. Chapters review crucial aspects of bioreactor design methodologies, operating principles, bioreactor susceptibility and systems constraints. The book supports vulnerability and hotspot detection through simulation and modeling approaches. Concluding chapters establish drivers for realizable scale-up and commercialization of bioelectrochemical systems.

Biomass to Biofuel Supply Chain Design and Planning under Uncertainty: Concepts and Quantitative Methods explores the design and optimization of biomass-to-biofuel supply chains for commercial-scale implementation of biofuel projects by considering the problems and challenges encountered in real supply chains. By offering a fresh approach and discussing a wide range of quantitative methods, the book enables researchers and practitioners to develop hybrid methods that integrate the advantages and features of two or more methods in one decision-making framework for the efficient optimization of biofuel supply chains, especially for complex supply chain models. Combining supply chain management and modeling techniques in a single volume, the book is beneficial for graduate students who no longer need to consult subject-specific books alongside mathematical modeling textbooks. The book consists of two main parts. The first part describes the key components of biofuel supply chains, including biomass production, harvesting, collection, storage, preprocessing, conversion, transportation, and distribution. It also provides a comprehensive review of the concepts, problems, and opportunities associated with biofuel supply chains, such as types and properties of the feedstocks and fuel products, decision-making levels, sustainability concepts, uncertainty analysis and risk management, as well as integration of biomass supply chain with other supply chains. The second part focuses on modeling and optimization of biomass-to-biofuel supply chains under uncertainty, using different quantitative methods to determine optimal design.

Advances in Clean Energy Technologies presents the latest advanced approaches toward a cleaner and more sustainable energy environment. Editor Kalam Azad and his team of expert contributors focus on recent developments in the field of clean energy technologies, sustainable zero emission resources, energy efficiency and environmental sustainability, as well as clean energy policy and markets. This well-rounded reference includes an authoritative view on control and storage solutions specific to medium and large-scale industries, advanced approaches to modeling, and experimental investigations on clean energy technologies. Those working in and researching clean energy and sustainability will obtain detailed understanding of a variety of zero emission energy production and conversion approaches, as well as important socio-economic and environmental considerations that can be applied to their own unique power generation settings.

Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems and Microgrids covers the modeling and analysis for each type of integrated and operational hybrid energy system. Looking at the fundamentals for conventional energy systems, decentralized generation systems, RES technologies and hybrid integration of RES power plants, the most important contribution this book makes is combining emerging energy systems that improve micro and smart grid systems and their components. Sections cover traditional system characteristics, features, challenges and benefits of hybrid energy systems over the conventional power grid, the deployment of emerging power electronic technologies, and up-to-date electronic devices and systems, including AC and DC waveforms. Conventional, emerging and hierarchical control methods and technologies applied in microgrid operations are covered to give researchers and practitioners the information needed to ensure reliability, resilience and flexibility of implemented hybrid energy systems.