Circular Bioeconomy: Technologies for Waste Remediation covers information about the strategies and approaches facilitating the integration of technologies for wastewater and solid waste remediation. The book highlights the models developed to valorize wastes to produce biobased products. Various chapters presented in the book put a focus on sustainability approaches as a central theme in order to facilitate industries and policymakers to adopt circular economy goals. Since the principal idea of a circular bioeconomy is to transition from a linear economy, it involves advanced technological and designing breakthroughs to reduce waste with a closed looped system.

3rd Generation Biofuels: Disruptive Technologies to Enable Commercial Production is a comprehensive volume on all aspects of algal biofuels, offering the latest advances on commercial implementation. In addition to the fundamentals, the book discusses all applied aspects of 3rd generation biofuels production, including design approaches, unit operations of the upstream and downstream biomass processing, and every potential microalgae-based energy product, including microbial fuel cells. Policy, economic, environmental, and regulatory issues are addressed in a dedicated section. Finally, the book presents pilot and demonstration-scale projects for 3rd generation biofuels production in the format of a white paper. Each chapter reviews the state of the art, discusses the disruptive technological approaches that will potentially enable large-scale production, and concludes with specific recommendations on how to achieve commercial competitiveness. The book provides readers with an invaluable reference for researchers, graduates, and practitioners working in the areas of renewable energy, bioenergy and alternative fuels, and biotechnology.

Biofuels and Biorefining: Volume One: Current Technologies for Biomass Conversion considers the conventional processes for biofuels and biomass-derived products in single and biorefinery schemes. Sections address the fundamentals of the transformation of biomass into fuels and products, including a discussion of current and future scenarios, potential raw materials that can be used, the main processing technologies and their commercial potential, and a description of the concept of biorefinery and the opportunities offered by this approach. Each chapter is supported by industry case studies covering the development of each product, fuel type, and biorefinery. This book provides an integrated approach to biofuels production and process intensification that will be useful to researchers involved in all aspects of bioenergy, particularly those interested in cost reduction, environmental impact and enhanced production.

Sustainable Energy Technologies for Seawater Desalination provides comprehensive coverage of the use of renewable energy technologies for sustainable freshwater production. Included are design concepts for desalination and sustainable energy technologies based on thermodynamics, heat transfer, mass transfer and economics. Key topics covered include desalination fundamentals and models, desalination assessments using energy and exergy methods, economics of desalination and the optimization of renewable energy-driven desalination systems. Illustrative examples and case studies are incorporated throughout the book to demonstrate how to apply the concepts covered in practical scenarios. Following a coherent approach, starting from fundamentals and basics and culminating with advanced systems and applications, this book is relevant for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in engineering and non-engineering programs.

Microbial Lipids: Processes, Products, and Innovations brings together experienced authors on microbial lipids bioproduction, introducing the reader to key aspects from lipid chemistry and biochemistry to industrial production by fungi, yeast and microalgae. Intended for professionals in industry-oriented research and development, this volume also describes lipid production using synthetic media and agroindustry residues and discusses the potential of integration of microbial lipids in biorefineries, towards a circular economy. With a market of US$ 7 billion, oils and fats are one of the most important classes of natural products, with applications in food, feed, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, biofuel, and oleo chemistry. Primary sources include plants, animals and fish. However, specialty lipids such as oils rich in omega-3 and -6 fatty acids have limited sources and productivity. Microbial oils are gaining space in the global market as green - and even vegan - alternatives to traditional sources. Microorganisms also have high productivity and metabolic plasticity which makes it promising sources of new products.

Decision Science and Operations Management of Solar Energy System looks beyond developing a solar power plant by also considering the requirements necessary to manage effective power plant operation for the long-term. This book includes data of solar power plants and quantitative techniques of statistical analysis used to inform decision-making for solar energy systems, thus enabling readers to predict future individual solar power system forecasts using different technical and financial parameters. Including data visualization, descriptive statistics, sampling techniques, plant layout, manufacturing economics, inventory management and total quality management of solar energy system, this book covers new insights as well as established fundamentals. The detailed information in this reference bridges the gap between theory and practice in the operation of solar energy systems for researchers, professionals and students working in the area of solar and renewable energy.

Artificial Neural Networks for Renewable Energy Systems and Real-World Applications presents current trends for the solution of complex engineering problems in the application, modeling, analysis, and optimization of different energy systems and manufacturing processes. With growing research catering to the applications of neural networks in specific industrial applications, this reference provides a single resource catering to a broader perspective of ANN in renewable energy systems and manufacturing processes. ANN-based methods have attracted the attention of scientists and researchers in different engineering and industrial disciplines, making this book a useful reference for all researchers and engineers interested in artificial networks, renewable energy systems, and manufacturing process analysis.

Solar Energy Advancements in Agriculture and Food Production Systems aims to assist society and agricultural communities in different regions and scales to improve their productivity and sustainability. Solar energy, with its rapidly growing technologies and nascent market, has shown promise for integration into a variety of agricultural activities, providing an alternative, sustainable solution to current practices. To meet the future demands of modern sustainable agriculture, this book addresses the major existing problems by providing innovative, effective, and sustainable solutions using environment-friendly, advanced, energy-efficient, and cost-optimized solar energy technologies. This comprehensive book is intended to serve as a practical guide for scientists, engineers, policymakers, and stakeholders involved in agriculture and related primary industries, as well as sustainable energy development, and climate change mitigation projects. By including globally implemented solar-based agriculture projects in each chapter and highlighting the key associated challenges and benefits, it aims to bridge the knowledge gap between the market/real-world applications and research in the field.

Hydrogen Safety for Energy Applications: Engineering Design, Risk Assessment, and Codes and Standards presents different aspects of contemporary knowledge regarding the hazards, risks and safety connected with hydrogen systems. Sections cover the main hydrogen technologies and explore the scientific aspects of possible sources and consequences of accidental events that can occur when hydrogen is used, including in its vehicular applications. Risk assessment, as well as the safety measures/safety barriers applicable in such situations are also considered. Finally, a short survey concerning legal aspects is presented.

Technologies for Solar Thermal Energy: Theory, Design and Optimization presents concepts surrounding industrial process heat and thermal power generation, including detailed theory and practical considerations for design, performance analysis, and economic assessments. Addressing the significance of power generation from solar thermal energy, the book covers the different power cycles for solar thermal power plant and comparison analysis, along with the advantages of solar thermal power systems compared with photovoltaic systems, corresponding energy storage technology, working materials, and the design method of a solar thermal power plant. This book is most valuable for lecturers, postgraduate and undergraduate students who will benefit from technological advances. In addition, researchers and engineers can use this book for modern theories and design aspects to enhance knowledge and conduct research in the field of solar thermal energy.

Wind power is a pillar of low emission energy systems. Designing more efficient wind turbines and farms, and increasing reliability and flexibility, is an area of intense research and development. In order to overcome the intermittent character of wind power, both the individual turbines and the wind farm as a whole must be considered. Many recent advances have been achieved in multiple aspects of utility-scale wind power. This structured research review conveys recent progress, with chapters written by an international team of experts. Organized into five parts, the book covers the aerodynamics of turbines and farms including layout; control techniques; environmental concerns including noise and bird and bat collisions; the intermittency issue including forecasting, storage and hybrid wind-PV plants; and offshore wind farms. From the general principles of aerodynamics to detailed and systematic coverage of the latest developments, Utility-scale Wind Turbines and Wind Farms provides a convenient and up-to-date source of information for academic researchers and R&D professionals working in this field.

Advances of Artificial Intelligence in a Green Energy Environment reviews the new technologies in intelligent computing and AI that are reducing the dimension of data coverage worldwide. This handbook describes intelligent optimization algorithms that can be applied in various branches of energy engineering where uncertainty is a major concern. Including AI methodologies and applying advanced evolutionary algorithms to real-world application problems for everyday life applications, this book considers distributed energy systems, hybrid renewable energy systems using AI methods, and new opportunities in blockchain technology in smart energy. Covering state-of-the-art developments in a fast-moving technology, this reference is useful for engineering students and researchers interested and working in the AI industry.

Handbook of Algal Biofuels: Aspects of Cultivation, Conversion and Biorefinery comprehensively covers the cultivation, harvesting, conversion, and utilization of microalgae and seaweeds for different kinds of biofuels. The book addresses four main topics in the algal biofuel value-chain. First, it explores algal diversity and composition, covering micro- and macroalgal diversity, classification, and composition, their cultivation, biotechnological applications, current use within industry for biofuels and value-added products, and their application in CO2 sequestration, wastewater treatment, and water desalination. Next, the book addresses algal biofuel production, presenting detailed guidelines and protocols for different production routes of biodiesel, biogas, bioethanol, biobutanol, biohydrogen, jet fuel, and thermochemical conversation methods. Then, the authors discuss integrated approaches for enhanced biofuel production. This includes updates on the recent advances, breakthroughs, and challenges of algal biomass utilization as a feedstock for alternative biofuels, process intensification techniques, life cycle analysis, and integrated approaches such as wastewater treatment with CO2 sequestration using cost-effective and eco-friendly techniques. In addition, different routes for waste recycling for enhanced biofuel production are discussed alongside economic analyses. Finally, this book presents case studies for algal biomass and biofuel production including BIQ algae house, Renewable Energy Laboratory project, Aquatic Species Program, and the current status of algal industry for biofuel production. Handbook of Algal Biofuels offers an all-in-one resource for researchers, graduate students, and industry professionals working in the areas of biofuels and phycology and will be of interest to engineers working in renewable energy, bioenergy, alternative fuels, biotechnology, and chemical engineering. Furthermore, this book includes structured foundational content on algae and algal biofuels for undergraduate and graduate students working in biology and life sciences.

Sustainable Energy Management: Planning, Implementation, Control and Strategy, Second Edition provides the key concepts and practical knowledge needed to successfully plan, implement and control sustainable energy technologies. The book provides new paradigms for measuring energy sustainability, pragmatic methods for applying renewable resources, efficiency improvements, and unique insights on managing risk. It highlights the possible financial and practical impacts of these activities, as well as the methods for their calculation. This new edition provides updated guidelines for planning, analyzing, developing and optimizing sustainable energy production projects in the real world, also presenting real-life examples of the topics covered in each chapter. With its focus on real-life issues and discussions of practical challenges, this book is an ideal resource for engineers, researchers and energy managers developing and rolling out sustainable energy practices. Included case studies will help benchmark decisions, especially in the book's new chapter on energy security.

Fundamentals of Wind Farm Aerodynamic Layout Design, Volume Four provides readers with effective wind farm design and layout guidance through algorithm optimization, going beyond other references and general approaches in literature. Focusing on interactions of wake models, designers can combine numerical schemes presented in this book which also considers wake models' effects and problems on layout optimization in order to simulate and enhance wind farm designs. Covering the aerodynamic modeling and simulation of wind farms, the book's authors include experimental tests supporting modeling simulations and tutorials on the simulation of wind turbines. In addition, the book includes a CFD technique designed to be more computationally efficient than currently available techniques, making this book ideal for industrial engineers in the wind industry who need to produce an accurate simulation within limited timeframes.

Advanced Nanomaterials and Their Applications in Renewable Energy, Second Edition presents timely topics related to nanomaterials' feasible synthesis and characterization and their application in the energy fields. The book examines the broader aspects of energy use, including environmental effects of disposal of Li-ion and Na batteries and reviews the main energy sources of today and tomorrow, from fossil fuels to biomass, hydropower, storage power and solar energy. The monograph treats energy carriers globally in terms of energy storage, transmission, and distribution, addresses fuel cell-based solutions in transportation, industrial, and residential building, considers synergistic systems, and more. This new edition also offers updated statistical data and references; a new chapter on the synchronous x-ray based analysis techniques and electron tomography, and if waste disposal of energy materials pose a risk to the microorganism in water, and land use; expanding coverage of renewable energy from the first edition; with newer color illustrations.

Non-Conventional Energy in North America: Current and Future Perspectives for Electricity Generation provides an analysis of the current state of non-conventional energy sources used in the United States and Canada. The book works through all non-conventional renewable energy power sources, such as solar, wind and nuclear, considers the associated pros and cons, their impact on society, the climate and the population, and their potential. As well as coverage on the amount of power generated from each source, this book considers various imposed policies and programs alongside public opinion to provide readers with an understanding of current and future potentials for sustainable energy. Readers in government, energy experts, economists, academics and scientists will find this book to be a great reference on which types of power generation they would like to develop in their regions to promote economic and social development. The book will equip readers with the knowledge to make future decisions to diversity the energy mix in their respective regions.

Biochemicals and Materials Production from Sustainable Biomass Resources provides a detailed overview of the experimentally developed approaches and strategies that facilitate carbon-based materials and fine chemicals derivation from biomass feedstocks with robust catalyst systems and renewed conversion routes. In addition, the book highlights theoretical methods like techno-economic analysis of biobutanol synthesis. As academia and industry are now striving to substitute fossil-based chemicals with alternative renewable resources, second-generation lignocellulosic biomass which does not depend on the food cycle has become increasingly important. Lignocellulosic biomass is composed of three major polymeric components - lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. The polymers can be degraded into monomeric counterparts through selective conversion routes like hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose and of hemicellulose to xylose.

Hybrid Technologies for Power Generation addresses the topics related to hybrid technologies by coupling conventional thermal engines with novel technologies, including fuel cells, batteries, thermal storage and electrolysis, and reporting on the most recent advances concerning transport and stationary applications. Potential operating schemes of hybrid power generation systems are covered, highlighting possible combinations of technology and guideline selection according to the energy demands of end-users. Going beyond state-of-the-art technological developments for processes, devices and systems, this book discusses the environmental impact and existing hurdles of moving from a single device to new approaches for efficient energy generation, transfer, conversion, high-density storage and consumption. By describing the practical viability of novel devices coupled to conventional thermal devices, this book has a decisive impact in energy system research, supporting those in the energy research and engineering communities.

A Thermo-Economic Approach to Energy From Waste provides readers with the tools to analyze the effectiveness of biomass waste conversion into value-added products and how thermochemical conversion methods can be commercialized with minimum environmental impact. The book provides a comprehensive overview of biomass conversion technologies through pyrolysis, including the types of reactors available, reactor mechanisms, and the upgradation of bio-oil. Case studies are provided on waste disposal in selected favelas (slums) of Rio de Janeiro, including data on subnormal clusters and analyses of solid waste in the 37 slums of Catumbi. Step-by-step guidance is provided on how to use a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach to analyze the potential impact of various waste-to-energy conversion technologies, and a brief overview of the common applications of LCA in other geographical locations is presented, including United States, Europe, China, and Brazil. Finally, waste-to-value-added functional catalysts for the transesterification process in biodiesel production are discussed alongside various other novel technologies for biodiesel production, process simulation, and techno-economic analysis of biodiesel production. Bringing together research and real-world case studies from an LCA perspective, the book provides an ideal reference for researchers and practitioners interested in waste-to-energy conversion, LCA, and the sustainable production of bioenergy.

Solar-Driven Water Treatment: Re-engineering and Accelerating Nature's Water Cycle looks at the use of solar energy and in particular photovoltaic technologies, as a viable, accessible and sustainable option in the treatment of water. Solar-Driven Water Treatment: Re-engineering and Accelerating Nature's Water Cycle provides insight into the different solar powered technologies, in-depth information about the viability of sunlight in the water treatment process, the potential environmental implications as well as the performance, economics, operation and maintenance of the discussed technologies. Elaborating on the potential issues and health risks associated with the water purification systems this reference also covers the need for appropriate technologies in the present scenario to improve worldwide access to clean drinking water. Readers will learn the most appropriate technology for their specific need making this book useful for renewable energy and environmental engineers in investigating energy efficiency, water treatment technologies, and the economics of technological change in the treatment of water by solar technologies.

Storing Energy: With Special Reference to Renewable Energy Sources, Second Edition has been fully revised and substantially extended to provide up-to-date and essential discussion that will support the needs of the world's future energy and climate change policies. New sections cover thermal energy storage, tidal storage, sustainability issues in relation to storing energy and impacts on global energy markets. Various systems are discussed, including mechanical/kinetic, thermal, electrochemical and other chemical, as well as other emerging technologies. Incorporating advancements described in the book will help the people of the world further overcome the problems related to future energy and climate change.

Integrated Wastewater Management and Valorization using Algal Cultures provides a holistic view on coupled wastewater treatment and biomass production for energy and value-added products using algal cultures. Algal cultures provide low-cost nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) treatment and recovery from wastewaters, carbon-dioxide sequestration from waste gases, value-added generation in the form of bio-energy and bio-based chemicals, biosorption of heavy metals and biogas upgrading. The book addresses all these aspects in terms of role of algal cultures in environmental sustainability and circular economy. The production of high value products is addressed through pretreatment and anaerobic co-digestion of wastewater-derived microalgal biomass and microalgal biorefineries. The simultaneous dissolution and uptake of nutrients in microalgal treatment of anaerobic digestate is discussed, as is coupled electrocoagulation and algal cultivation for the treatment of anaerobic digestate and algal biomass production. Finally, optimization of algal biomass production is discussed using metagenomics and machine learning tools, and scale-up potential and the limitations of integrated wastewater-derived microalgal biorefineries is discussed. Integrated Wastewater Management and Valorization using Algal Cultures offers an integrated resource on wastewater treatment, biomass production, bioenergy and value-added product generation for researchers in bioenergy and renewable energy, environmental science and wastewater treatment, as well as environmental and chemical engineering.

Waste and Biodiesel: Feedstocks and Precursors for Catalysts is a comprehensive reference on waste material utilization at various stages of the biodiesel production process. The book discusses the technologies for converting cooking oil and waste animal fats to biodiesel, along with the efficacy of municipal waste derived lipids in biodiesel production. The use of wastewater-grown microalgae feedstock, oleaginous fungi, bacteria and yeast produced using waste substrate are also discussed. The use of various catalysts is addressed, including CaO derived from waste shell materials, fish and animal waste, inorganic waste materials like red mud and cement waste, and whole cell enzymes using waste substrate. Each chapter addresses the challenges of high production costs at a pilot and industrial scale, offering methods of cost reduction and waste remediation. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals in environmental science, energy and renewable energy.

Sustainable Networks in Smart Grid presents global challenges in smart metering with renewable energy resources, micro-grid design, communication technologies, big data, privacy and security in the smart grid. Providing an overview of different available PLC technologies and configurations and their applications in different sectors, this book provides case studies and practical implementation details of smart grid technology, paying special attention to Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) scenarios with the presence of Distribution Grid (DG) and Electric Vehicles (EV). Covering regulatory policies for energy storage, management strategies for microgrid operation, and key performance indicators for smart grid development, this reference compiles up-to-date information on different aspects of the Internet of Smart Metering. In addition, innovative contributions on Data Analytics, Energy Theft Detection, Data-Driven Framework, Blockchain-IoT-enabled Sensor Networks, and Smart Contacts in the Blockchain are also included.