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Books > Humanities > Archaeology
Analysis of the scroll fragments of the Qumran Aramaic scrolls has
been plentiful to date. Their shared characteristics of being
written in Aramaic, the common language of the region, not focused
on the Qumran Community, and dating from the 3rd century BCE to the
1st century CE have enabled the creation of a shared identity,
distinguishing them from other fragments found in the same place at
the same time. This classification, however, could yet be too
simplistic as here, for the first time, John Starr applies
sophisticated statistical analyses to newly available electronic
versions of these fragments. In so doing, Starr presents a
potential new classification which comprises six different text
types which bear distinctive textual features, and thus is able to
narrow down the classification both temporally and geographically.
Starr's re-visited classification presents fresh insights into the
Aramaic texts at Qumran, with important implications for our
understanding of the many strands that made up Judaism in the
period leading to the writing of the New Testament.
Multiple Hopewellian monumental earthwork sites displaying timber
features, mortuary deposits, and unique artifacts are found widely
distributed across the North American Eastern Woodlands, from the
lower Mississippi Valley north to the Great Lakes. These sites,
dating from 200 b.c. to a.d. 500, almost define the Middle Woodland
period of the Eastern Woodlands. Joseph Caldwell treated these
sites as defining what he termed the ""Hopewell Interaction
Sphere,"" which he conceptualized as mediating a set of interacting
mortuary-funerary cults linking many different local ethnic
communities. In this new book, A. Martin Byers refines Caldwell's
work, coining the term ""Hopewell Ceremonial Sphere"" to more
precisely characterize this transregional sphere as manifesting
multiple autonomous cult sodalities of local communities affiliated
into escalating levels of autonomous cult sodality heterarchies. It
is these cult sodality heterarchies, regionally and transregionally
interacting - and not their autonomous communities to which the
sodalities also belonged - that were responsible for the
Hopewellian assemblage; and the heterarchies took themselves to be
performing, not funerary, but world-renewal ritual ceremonialism
mediated by the deceased of their many autonomous Middle Woodland
communities. Paired with the cult sodality heterarchy model, Byers
proposes and develops the complementary heterarchical community
model. This model postulates a type of community that made the
formation of the cult sodality heterarchy possible. But Byers
insists it was the sodality heterarchies and not the complementary
heterarchical communities that generated the Hopewellian ceremonial
sphere. Detailed interpretations and explanations of Hopewellian
sites and their contents in Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, and Georgia
empirically anchor his claims. A singular work of unprecedented
scope, Reclaiming the Hopewellian Ceremonial Sphere will encourage
archaeologists to re-examine their interpretations.
"Interesting, strong, and timely. Everyday Life Matters is clearly
and sharply written, and by targeting the archaeology of everyday
life as an emerging field explicitly, it identifies and fills a
real void in the field."--John Robb, author of The Early
Mediterranean Village "An absolute must-read. Robin's thorough
understanding of commoners and how they occasionally interacted
with elites provides a solid foundation for social
reconstruction."--Payson Sheets, coeditor of Surviving Sudden
Environmental Change While the study of ancient civilizations most
often focuses on temples and royal tombs, a substantial part of the
archaeological record remains hidden in the understudied day-to-day
lives of artisans, farmers, hunters, and other ordinary people of
the ancient world. Various chores completed during the course of a
person's daily life, though at first glance trivial, have a
powerful impact on society as a whole. Everyday Life Matters
develops general methods and theories for studying the applications
of everyday life in archaeology, anthropology, and a wide range of
related disciplines. Examining the two-thousand-year history (800
B.C.-A.D. 1200) of the ancient farming community of Chan in Belize,
Cynthia Robin's ground-breaking work explains why the average
person should matter to archaeologists studying larger societal
patterns. Robin argues that the impact of the mundane can be
substantial, so much so that the study of a polity without regard
to its citizenry is incomplete. Refocusing attention away from the
Maya elite and offering critical analysis of daily life elucidated
by anthropological theory, Robin engages us to consider the larger
implications of the commonplace and to rethink the constitution of
human societies by ordinary people living routine lives.
Communicating archaeological heritage at the institutional level
reflects on the current status of archeology, and a lack of
communication between archaeologists and the general public only
serves to widen the gap of understanding. As holders of this
specific scientific expertise, effective openness and communication
is essential to understanding how a durable future can be built
through comprehension of the past and the importance of heritage
sites and collections. Developing Effective Communication Skills in
Archaeology is an essential research publication that examines
archeology as a method for present researchers to interact and
communicate with the past, and as a methods for identifying the
overall trends in the needs of humanity as a whole. Presenting a
vast range of topics such as digital transformation, artificial
intelligence, and heritage awareness, this book is essential for
archaeologists, journalists, heritage managers, sociologists,
educators, anthropologists, museum curators, historians,
communication specialists, industry professionals, researchers,
academicians, and students.
The Cold War remains one of the twentieth century's defining
events, possessing broad political, social, and material
implications that continue to have impact. In this book, Todd
Hanson presents nine case studies of archaeological investigations
conducted at famous-and some not so famous-historic American Cold
War sites, including Bikini Atoll, the Nevada Test Site, and the
Cuban sites of the Soviet Missile Crisis. By examining nuclear
weapons test sites, missile silos, submarine bases, fallout
shelters, and more, Hanson illustrates how archaeology can help
strip away myths, secrets, and political rhetoric to better inform
our understanding of the conflict's formative role in the making of
the contemporary American landscape. Addressing modern
ramifications of the Cold War, Hanson also looks at the
preservation of atomic heritage sites, the atomic tourism
phenomenon, and the struggles of atomic veterans.
Digital history is commonly argued to be positioned between the
traditionally historical and the computational or digital. By
studying digital history collaborations and the establishment of
the Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History, Kemman
examines how digital history will impact historical scholarship.
His analysis shows that digital history does not occupy a singular
position between the digital and the historical. Instead,
historians continuously move across this dimension, choosing or
finding themselves in different positions as they construct
different trading zones through cross-disciplinary engagement,
negotiation of research goals and individual interests.
Alfred Nobel made his name as an inventor and successful
entrepreneur and left a legacy as a philanthropist and promoter of
learning and social progress. The correspondence between Nobel and
his Viennese mistress, Sofie Hess, shines a light on his private
life and reveals a personality that differs significantly from his
public image. The letters show him as a hypochondriac and
workaholic and as a paranoid, jealous, and patriarchal lover.
Indeed, the relationship between the aging Alfred Nobel and the
carefree, spendthrift Sofie Hess will strike readers as
dysfunctional and worthy of Freudian analysis. Erika Rummel's
masterful translation and annotations reveal the value of the
letters as commentary on 19th century social mores: the concept of
honour and reputation, the life of a "kept" woman, the prevalence
of antisemitism, the importance of spas as health resorts and
entertainment centres, the position of single mothers, and more
generally the material culture of a rich bourgeois gentleman. A
Nobel Affair is the first translation into English of the complete
correspondence between Alfred Nobel and Sofie Hess.
This book (hardcover) is part of the TREDITION CLASSICS. It
contains classical literature works from over two thousand years.
Most of these titles have been out of print and off the bookstore
shelves for decades. The book series is intended to preserve the
cultural legacy and to promote the timeless works of classical
literature. Readers of a TREDITION CLASSICS book support the
mission to save many of the amazing works of world literature from
oblivion. With this series, tredition intends to make thousands of
international literature classics available in printed format again
- worldwide.
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