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Books > Academic & Education > Professional & Technical > Biomedical Science
This original six chapter book will briefly review and integrate
the basic concepts behind water distribution and movement in the
body. This fills a knowledge gap that most medical and
undergraduate physiology students acquire when these topics are
studied separately. As of now, there is no textbook that fully
integrates renal, cardiovascular and water physiology in a clear
understandable manner. The book is intended primarily for medical
students and undergraduate physiology students. Chapters include:
1) Water and its Distribution; 2) Water Dynamics; 3) Fluid Handling
by the Heart and Blood Vessels; 4) Fluid Handling by the Kidneys;
5) Water and Oxygen Delivery; 6) Integration in the Response to
Hemorrhage, Volume Depletion, and Water Redistribution. Presentsa complex and detailed topicin an original way that will allow students to understand more complex textbooks and explanations"
One major example of the synergy of bioactive foods and extracts is their role as an antioxidant and the related remediation of cardiovascular disease. There is compelling evidence tosuggest that oxidative stress is implicated in the physiology of several major cardiovascular diseases including heart failure and increased free radical formation and reduced antioxidant defences. Studies indicate bioactive foods reduce the incidence of these conditions, suggestive of a potential cardioprotective role of antioxidant nutrients. BioactiveFood as Dietary Interventions for Cardiovascular
Diseaseinvestigates the role of foods, herbs and novel extracts in
moderating the pathology leading to cardiovascular disease. It
reviews existing literature, and presents new hypotheses and
conclusions on the effects of different bioactive components of the
diet.
At present, human society is facing a health care crisis that is affecting patients worldwide. In the United States, it is generally believed that the major problem is lack of affordable access to health care (i.e. health insurance). This book takes an unprecedented approach to address this issue by proposing that the major problem is not lack of affordable access to health care per se, but lack of access to better, safer, and more affordable medicines. The latter problem is present not only in the United States and the developing world but also in countries with socialized health care systems, such as Europe and the rest of the industrialized world. This book provides a comparative analysis of the health care systems throughout the world and also examines the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.
Molecular Tools and Infectious Disease Epidemiology examines the opportunities and methodologic challenges in the application of modern molecular genetic and biologic techniques to infectious disease epidemiology. The application of these techniques dramatically improves the measurement of disease and putative risk factors, increasing our ability to detect and track outbreaks, identify risk factors and detect new infectious agents. However, integration of these techniques into epidemiologic studies also poses new challenges in the design, conduct, and analysis. This book presents the key points of consideration when integrating molecular biology and epidemiology; discusses how using molecular tools in epidemiologic research affects program design and conduct; considers the ethical concerns that arise in molecular epidemiologic studies; and provides a context for understanding and interpreting scientific literature as a foundation for subsequent practical experience in the laboratory and in the field. The book is recommended for graduate and advanced undergraduate students studying infectious disease epidemiology and molecular epidemiology; and for the epidemiologist wishing to integrate molecular techniques into his or her studies.
The major objective of this book is to review in detail health
problems occurring with significant frequency in aging adults which
are proposed to be treated or ameliorated using nutriceuticals as
foods and dietary supplements as well as other complementary and
alternative therapies. Chapters primarily focusing on nutrients
have been excluded to maintain a focus on complementary and
alternative medicine (CAM). I. Non-Nutritional Components in Diet and Supplements,
Nutriceuticals and their Role in Health Promotion in the Mature
Adult.
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an adaptive form of cell death that plays a critical role in turnover of mitotic cells and various tissues in the adult, including epithelial cells, fibroblasts and various endocrine cells. Programmed cell death also plays a major role in development in organizing the body plan and molding intricate cellular structures such as nerve cell circuits in the brain. Rapidly progressing research into the molecular and biochemical underpinnings of the programmed cell death process are revealing novel genetic programs and molecular interactions that coordinate a process that results in death and removal of cells without an immune response and in the absence of the adverse effects on neighboring cells. "Programmed Cell Death, Volume I," critically details the molecular, biochemical and cellular mechanisms of apoptosis. This volume covers programmed cell death in a variety of tissues and organ systems highlighting the interesting families of proteins involved in promoting or preventing apoptosis. These include the caspase and calpain families of proteases, Bcl-2 family members, and inhibitors of apoptosis proteins. Each chapter is written by an internationally recognized expert in a particular aspect of programmed cell death. This book will provide the reader with a comprehensive
understanding of the cascade of events leading from an apoptotic
signal, such as trophic factor withdrawal or increased oxidative
stress, to cell death. Importantly, this volume also covers
signaling mechanisms designed to prevent apoptosis. Such
anti-apoptotic signaling cascades involve neurotrophic factors and
stress response pathways. "Programmed Cell Death, Volume I,"
provides the molecular and cellular foundation for http:
//www.elsevier.com/locate/isbn/0444507302Programmed Cell Death,
Volume II in which the roles of aberrant regulation of apoptosis in
human diseases ranging from cancer to Alzheimer's disease are
considered.
During the past several years there has been a shortage of flight
opportunities for biological and medical projects. And those that
were available usually had severe restrictions on instrumentation,
number of subjects, duration, time allotted for performing the
experiments, a possibility for repetition of experiments. It is our
hope and expectation that this will change once the international
Space Station is in full operation. The advantages of a permanent
space station, already demonstrated by the Russian Mir station, are
continuous availability of expert crew and a wide range of
equipment, possibility of long-term experiments where this is
waranted, increased numbers of subjects through larger laboratory
space, proper controls in the large 1-G centrifuge, easier
repeatability of experiments when needed.
Breast cancer research has never been in such an exciting and
hopeful phase as today. From a clinical perspective, the discovery
of genetic markers of risk in a proportion of familial breast
cancer cases has opened up new vistas for understanding and
ultimately preventing this disease. On the other hand, aggressive -
even daring - therapies are being proven to be effective against
advanced breast cancer. For the breast cancer experimentalist, this
is also a time of great advance. Although animal and cell culture
breast cancer models have proven to be of great use, there are now
increasing opportunities to test the concepts developed in these
models in actual clinical samples and cases. It is gratifying to
see how well these concepts "translate" into the clinical setting.
A very active area of research that is linking the laboratory to
the clinic is the dissection of the biology and elucidation of the
significance of proliferate breast disease and the identification
of true, "high risk" or "preneoplastic" legions within the
previously ill-defined spectrum of fibrocystic or benign breast
disease. One anticipates that discoveries made here will also lead
to earlier detection, intervention and prevention of
life-threatening cancer.
For many years, it has been known that when rats and mice are given a reduced amount of food, their life span is increased and they remain healthy and vigorous at advanced ages. What is the reason for this change in the usual pattern of
aging? The evidence is overwhelming that the life extension results
from a slowing of aging processes. And the factor responsible is
the decrease in caloric intake. The obvious question: How does this
factor work? A good question - and the reason that research on the
anti-aging action of caloric restriction is today one of the most
studied research areas in biological gerontology. For it is felt
that if the biological mechanisms of the anti-aging action of
caloric restriction can be uncovered, we would gain an
understanding of the basic nature of aging processes, which would,
in turn, yield possible interventions in human aging. This book
aims to provide the growing number of researchers in this field
(faculty, postdoctoral trainees, and graduate students) with a
detailed knowledge of what is known about caloric restriction
within the frame of gerontology, as well as insights on future of
this field.
Bringing the hard-to-quantify aspects of lived experience to
analysis, and emphasizing what might be lost in interventions if
cultural insights are absent, this book includes case studies from
across the Asia and Pacific regions -Bangladesh, Malaysia, New
Guinea, Indonesia, Thailand, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand,
Tuvalu and the Cook Islands. When Culture Impacts Health offers
conceptual, methodological and practical insights into
understanding and successfully mediating cultural influences to
address old and new public health issues including safe water
delivery, leprosy, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and
body image. It contains useful methodological tools - how to map
cultural consensus, measure wealth capital, conduct a cultural
economy audit, for example. It provides approaches for discerning
between ethnic and racial constructs and for conducting research
among indigenous peoples. The book will be indispensible for
culture and health researchers in all regions.
"In Situ Molecular Pathology and Co-Expression Analyses" explains, in easy-to-understand language, simplified waysof understanding and performing in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry tests. The book also focuses on straightforward protocols used to simultaneously detect two or more proteins/nucleic acids within intact tissue by doing co-expression analyses. The fields of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry have expanded rapidly due to the use of computer-based analysis. To get the most out of these automated platforms, researchers and diagnostic biomedical investigators must have a solid understanding of the basics of in situ-based tests, protocols, and regimens for troubleshooting. Practicing molecular pathologists, clinical chemists, and
toxicologists, as well as clinicians and researchers in training,
will benefit from this book's clear presentation of protocols and
theoretical framework.
This book identifies and analyzes the genetic basis of bone
disorders in humans and demonstrates the utility of mouse models in
furthering the knowledge of mechanisms and evaluations of
treatments. The book is aimed at all students of bone biology and
genetics, and with this in mind, it includes general introductory
chapters on genetics and bone biology and more specific
disease-orientated chapters, which comprehensively summarize the
clinical, genetic, molecular genetic, animal model, functional and
molecular pathology, diagnostic, counselling and treatment aspects
of each disorder. Provides a common language for bone biologists and geneticists to discuss the development of bone cells and genetics and their interactions in the development of disease Researchers in all areas bone biology and genetics will gain insight into how clinical observations and practices can feed back into the research cycle and will, therefore, be able to develop more targeted genomic and proteomic assays For those clinical researchers who are also MDs, correct diagnosis (and therefore correct treatment) of bone diseases depends on a strong understanding of the molecular basis for the disease.
This volume of "Advances in Cell Aging and Gerontology" provides a timely review on the molecular and cellular basis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Age itself is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which include loss of vasomotor function, athero- and arterio-sclerosis, hypertension, congestive heart failure and stroke. Together these pathologies comprise the leading causes of permanent disability, hospitalization and death for individuals over the age of 65. Thus, there is a critical need to assess both the age-associated causes leading to CVD as well as the current state of knowledge on preventive regimens designed to slow or modulate disease progression.
Strategy and Statistics in Clinical Trials deals with the research processes and the role of statistics in these processes. The book offers real-life case studies and provides a practical, how to guide to biomedical R&D. It describes the statistical building blocks and concepts of clinical trials and promotes effective cooperation between statisticians and important other parties. The discussion is organized around 15 chapters. After providing an overview of clinical development and statistics, the book explores questions when planning clinical trials, along with the attributes of medical products. It then explains how to set research objectives and goes on to consider statistical thinking, estimation, testing procedures, and statistical significance, explanation and prediction. The rest of the book focuses on exploratory and confirmatory clinical trials; hypothesis testing and multiplicity; elements of clinical trial design; choosing trial endpoints; and determination of sample size. This book is for all individuals engaged in clinical research who are interested in a better understanding of statistics, including professional clinical researchers, professors, physicians, and researchers in laboratory. It will also be of interest to corporate and government laboratories, clinical research nurses, members of the allied health professions, and post-doctoral and graduate students.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (S.L.E.), commonly called lupus, is a
chronic autoimmune disorder that can affect virtually any organ of
the body. In lupus, the body's immune system, which normally
functions to protect against foreign invaders, becomes hyperactive,
forming antibodies that attack normal tissues and organs, including
the skin, joints, kidneys, brain, heart, lungs, and blood. Lupus is
characterized by periods of illness, called flares, and periods of
wellness, or remission.
This is a unique book on thyroid neoplasms in that it covers many
current topics in the area including tumor development, tumor
markers and preclinical treatment for advanced cancer as well as
practical approaches (radioiodine, ultrasound, thyroglobulin
monitoring and PET scanning). This book will give the general
reader and specialist a good foundation for what is currently going
on in the area of thyroid neoplasms.
This streamlined "essential" version of the Molecular Pathology
(2009) textbook extracts key information, illustrations and
photographs from the main textbook in the same number and
organization of chapters. It is aimed at teaching students in
courses where the full textbook is not needed, but the concepts
included are desirable (such as graduate students in allied health
programs or undergraduates). It is also aimed at students who are
enrolled in courses that primarily use a traditional pathology
textbook, but need the complementary concepts of molecular
pathology (such as medical students). Further, the textbook will be
valuable for pathology residents and other postdoctoral fellows who
desire to advance their understanding of molecular mechanisms of
disease beyond what they learned in medical/graduate school. "
The biological function of clusterin (CLU, also known as ApoJ, SGP2, TRPM2, CLI) has been puzzling researchers since its discovery and characterization in the early 1980s. Approaches such as cloning, expression and functional characterization of the different protein products generated by the CLU gene have now produced a critical mass of information of tremendous biological importance that are teaching us an important lesson in molecular biology of gene expression regulation. This volume brings together the contributions of top researchers in the field, providing an overview and synthesis of the latest thought and findings relating to CLU.
In this volume of ASPA, devoted to developmental biology research,
9 authors from different fields of developmental biology present
their investigations on various developing plant and animal models.
An "a priori" concern in mind that weightlessness might have
negative effects on developmental processes, it is encouraging to
know that the overall development of various organisms tested so
far is essentially correct under spaceflight conditions, leading to
viable individuals with viable offspring. On the other hand,
particular studies on specifically neurophysiological aspects in
developing organisms reveal important flight or postflight
disturbances; however it is encouraging to know that they appear to
be transient only.
Hyaluronan biology is being recognized as an important regulator of
cancer progression. Paradoxically, both hyaluronan (HA) and
hyaluronidases, the enzymes that eliminate HA, have also been
correlated with cancer progression. Hyaluronan, a long-chain
polymer of the extracellular matrix, opens up tissue spaces through
which cancer cells move and metastasize. It also confers motility
upon cells through interactions of cell-surface HA with the
cytoskeleton. Embryonic cells in the process of movement and
proliferation use the same strategy. It is an example of how cancer
cells have commandeered normal cellular processes for their own
survival and spread. There are also parallels between cancer and
wound healing, cancer occasionally being defined as a wound that
does not heal.
Genetic Diseases of the Kidney identifies and analyzes genetic
abnormalities causing renal diseases in human subjects. Although in
a sense the genome contains all the instructions required for the
formation of a phenotype, the information is encoded in an
extremely complicated fashion. In primary genetic diseases, the
genetic instruction specifies a phenotype clearly linked with a
discreet lesion confined to the kidney. However, the genetic
disturbance may be imbedded in a complicated physiologic ensemble,
so that the nexus between the genetic disturbance and the phenotype
may be obscured; in consequence, the causal sequence is extremely
difficult to unravel. In many instances the renal disease is one
component of a complicated systemic hereditary disease, either
monogenic or polygenic. Indeed, renal disease may arise as the sum
of minor inputs from many different, seemingly unrelated genes, so
that the genetic contributions may be difficult to identify.
Confounding the problem further are environmental influences,
originating either in the chromosomal environment from modifier
genes, or in the extra-chromosomal environmental from intrauterine
or postnatal influences. These considerations have determined both
the organization of the text as well as the detailed description of
the genetic disorders and the physiologic derangements that emerge.
The Textbook of Nephro-Endocrinology is the definitive
translational reference in the field of nephro-endocrinology,
investigating both the endocrine functions of the kidneys and how
the kidney acts as a target for hormones from other organ systems.
It offers both researchers and clinicians expert, gold-standard
analysis of nephro-endocrine research and translation into the
treatment of diseases such as anemia, chronic kidney disease (CKD),
rickets, osteoprosis, and, hypoparathyroidism.
With cancer-related deaths projected to rise to 10.3 million people
by 2020, the need to prevent, diagnose, and cure cancer is greater
than ever. This book presents readers with the most up-to-date
imaging instrumentation, general and diagnostic applications for
various cancers, with an emphasis on lung and breast
carcinomas--the two major worldwide malignancy types. This book
discusses the various imaging techniques used to locate and
diagnose tumors, including ultrasound, X-ray, color Doppler
sonography, PET, CT, PET/CT, MRI, SPECT, diffusion tensor imaging,
dynamic infrared imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It
also details strategies for imaging cancer, emphasizing the
importance of the use of this technology for clinical diagnosis.
Imaging techniques that predict the malignant potential of cancers,
response to chemotherapy and other treatments, recurrence, and
prognosis are also detailed.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is one of the most common
maladies of mankind. Approximately 40% of the adult population of
the USA suffers from significant heartburn and the numerous
antacids advertised incessantly on national television represents a
$8 billion per year drug market. The ability to control acid
secretion with the increasingly effective acid-suppressive agents
such as the H2 blockers ("pepcid, zantac") and proton pump
inhibitors ("nexium, prevacid") has given physicians an excellent
method of treating the symptoms of acid reflux.
The present volume is the first in the advances in oncobiology series. It is meant to be useful not only to clinical and non-clinical oncologists but also to graduate students and medical students. The individual chapters are presented as self-contained summaries of current knowledge rather than as reviews. The last chapter deals with the subject of chemotherapy. |
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