The technique of smal1-angle soattering (SAS) is now about sixty years o1d. Soon after the first observations of, a continuous, intense X-ray scattering near the primary beam from samp1es such as canbo:tt,bla:cks, it was recognized that this scattering arose from e1ectron density heterogeneities on a scale of severa! tens to severa! hundred times the wave1ength of the radiation used. By the time the classic monograph of Guinier and Foumet appeared in 1955, much of the basic theory and instrumentation had been developed, and applications to colloidal suspensions, macromolecular solutions inc1uding proteins and viruses, fibers, porous and finely divided solids, metallic alloys etc. numbered in the hundreds. Following severa! specialized meetings, the first international conference on small-ang1e X-ray scattering was helditi, Syracuse in 1965, marked by the presentation of new scattering theory for polydisperse systems, polymer coils and filaments, new instrumentation (the Bonse-Hart camera), and new applications to polymeric, biologica!, and metallic systems, to critica! phenomena and to catalysts. The second conference (Graz, 1970) no longer dealt exclusively with X- ray scattering, but also inc1uded neutron small-angle scattering (SANS). SANS applications developed rapidly during this period, especially for studying synthetic and biologica! macromolecules, when the possibilities of exploiting scattering Iength density differences, created by selective deuteration, were recognized.

Recent developments in advanced ceramics are critically evaluated in respect to their thermal shock and thermal fatigue behavior from an interdisciplinary viewpoint by leading experts. The book covers the aspects of material development, mechanical and fracture mechanical models and experimental testing methods. Special emphasis is given to the influence of a rising crack resistance on the thermal shock behavior, novel irradiation testing methods for a quantitative characterization of the thermal shock and fatigue loading as well as detailed fracture mechanical models for single and multiple crack propagation. This book summarizes developments of the last decade concerning the thermal shock and thermal fatigue behavior of advanced ceramics. The scientific articles of the book were carefully arranged in order to achieve a textbook-like form which will be of great value to researchers and students. (ABSTRACT) This book summarizes developments of the last decade concerning the thermal shock and thermal fatigue behavior of advanced ceramics. The book covers the aspects of material development, mechanical and fracture mechanical models and testing methods. The scientific articles were carefully arranged in order to achieve a textbook-like form which will be of great value to researchers and students.

This book covers the results of investigations into the mechanisms and kinetics of thermal decompositions of solid and liquid substances on the basis of thermochemical analyses. The main features of these reactions are explained and many problems and unusual phenomena, which have accumulated in this field are interpreted. New methods of TA measurement and calculation have been developed, which permit the precision and accuracy of determination of kinetic parameters to be increased substantially.

Fiber Crystal Growth from the Melt reviews the growth, modelling, characterization and application of single crystal fibers are reviewed. Due to their very large length-to-diameter ratio together with perfect crystallographic structure and chemical homogeneity, such fibers have mechanical and physical properties that approach the theoretical values. Fukuda explains how their ultra-high strength enables their application as reinforcing agents in structural components. And he elucidates how and why fiber crystals are particularly well suited for wave guiding, tunable narrow-band filters and nonlinear optics and for the generation of green, blue and violet wavelenghts, and also as micro lasers and laser modulators. The book is suitable for specialists and students in the fields of materials science, crystal growth, physics, chemistry, crystallography, optics, mechanics and engineering.

This is a concise, up-to-date book that covers a wide range of important ceramic materials used in modern technology. Chapters provide essential information on the nature of these key ceramic raw materials including their structure, properties, processing methods and applications in engineering and technology. Treatment is provided on materials such as alumina, aluminates, Andalusite, kyanite, and sillimanite. The chapter authors are leading experts in the field of ceramic materials. An ideal text for graduate students and practising engineers in ceramic engineering, metallurgy, and materials science and engineering.

This excellent volume will serve as an indispensable reference and source book for process design, tool and production engineers in composite manufacturing. It provides the reader with a comprehensive treatment of the theory of machining as it applies to fiber reinforced polymer composites. It covers the latest technical advances in the area of machining and tooling, and discusses the applications of fiber reinforced polymer composites in the aircraft and automotive industries.

Researchers are interested in the development of modeling methods applied to predicting the atomistic, microscopic and macroscopic response of composite materials under stress and hostile environment. Material behaviors at the macroscale level are controlled by their characteristics at lower scale levels. This fact is even more significant for composite materials. As a result, in order to design and analyze composite structures as well as new composite materials, it is necessary to model material behaviors at different length scales and to couple them. This book presents the state of the art in multiscale modeling and simulation techniques for composite materials and structures. It focuses on the structural and functional properties of engineering composites and the sustainable high performance of components and structures. The multiscale techniques can be also applied to nanocomposites which are important application areas in nanotechnology.

This book will provide useful information for engineers for better design and analysis of composite structures. It will also serve as an invaluable reference for researchers.

The idea for this manual was created by the author and Birgit Hannemann (now Professor at the University of Applied Sciences, Bremen, Germany) as an internal catalogue of results of several years of investigations at the Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany. At this base supplying investigations and the elabo- tion of the manuscript were supported by the Stiftung Industrieforschung, Bonn, Germany. In the course of this the coworkers of the author Eva Gartner, Steffi Kronert and Cornelia Kowol were directly involved. All the SEM pictures result from preparations performed at the Centre of - crotechnologies at the Chemnitz University of Technology (Head: Prof. Thomas Gessner). The author and his coworkers wish to express their thanks to Wolfgang Brauer (mask design), Norbert Zichner (processes), Iris Hobelt (SEM pictures) and the student Karin Preissler (manuscript layout support). In particular thanks are due to the Stiftung Industrieforschung for the financial support and to the Springer V- lag for the edition of this manual."

The objective of this book is to discuss the current status of research and development of boron-rich solids as sensors, ultra-high temperature ceramics, thermoelectrics, and armor. Novel biological and chemical sensors made of stiff and light-weight boron-rich solids are very exciting and efficient for applications in medical diagnoses, environmental surveillance and the detection of pathogen and biological/chemical terrorism agents. Ultra-high temperature ceramic composites exhibit excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance for hypersonic vehicle applications. Boron-rich solids are also promising candidates for high-temperature thermoelectric conversion. Armor is another very important application of boron-rich solids, since most of them exhibit very high hardness, which makes them perfect candidates with high resistance to ballistic impact. The following topical areas are presented: *Boron-rich solids: science and technology *Synthesis and sintering strategies of boron rich solids *Microcantilever sensors *Screening of the possible boron-based thermoelectric conversion materials; *Ultra-high temperature ZrB2 and HfB2 based composites *Magnetic, transport and high-pressure properties of boron-rich solids *Restrictions of the sensor dimensions for chemical detection *Armor

The use of polymer composites in various engineering applications has become state of the art. This multi-author volume provides a useful summary of updated knowledge on polymer composites in general, practically integrating experimental studies, theoretical analyses and computational modeling at different scales, i. e. , from nano- to macroscale. Detailed consideration is given to four major areas: structure and properties of polymer nanocomposites, characterization and modeling, processing and application of macrocomposites, and mechanical performance of macrocomposites. The idea to organize this volume arose from a very impressive workshop - The First International Workshop on Polymers and Composites at IVW Kaiserslautern: Invited Humboldt-Fellows and Distinguished Scientists, which was held on May 22-24,2003 at the University of Kaiserslautern, Germany. The contributing authors were invited to incorporate updated knowledge and developments into their individual chapters within a year after the workshop, which finally led to these excellent contributions. The success of this workshop was mainly sponsored by the German Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through a Sofia Kovalevskaja Award Program, financed by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research within the "Investment in the Future Program" of the German Government. In 2001, the Humboldt Foundation launched this new award program in order to offer outstanding young researchers throughout the world an opportunity to establish their own work-groups and to develop innovative research concepts virtually in Germany. One of the editors, Z.

The special properties of calcium aluminate cements make them of value in the construction, mining and refractory industries. This book brings together new international research information on their performance. As well as a state-of-the-art review, it includes reports on studies of: mineralogy, hydration and microstructure; rheology of pastes, mortars and grouts; admixtures and blended; systems durability of high alumina cement concrete.

This popular reference offers a clear understanding of the scientific principles of ceramics processing required for the development and production of new advanced ceramics. In the latest edition significant new material has been added to the chapters on raw materials, liquids and surfactants, vapor deposition, printing, coating processes and firing. Contains several new features including processing flow diagrams, tables summarizing important points, 100+ new figures as well as descriptions of defects and their causes which are either itemized in the text or summarized in a table. Also includes numerous problems and examples following each chapter.

An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available from the Wiley editorial department.

Creative and practical, Kicking Glass is a step-by-step guide for those wanting to practice the popular craft of stained glass. From simple suncatchers and boho lamps to exquisite 3D constructions and delicately-poised glass butterflies, experienced artist Neile Cooper guides you through the magical world of stained glass with a creative handbook for both the novice and more experienced crafter alike. Beautifully illustrated with photographs of Neile's own work including her glorious glass cabin in the woods as well as pieces from some of today's most stylish designers, Kicking Glass is packed with ideas to guide and inspire. This book provides comprehensive technical instruction in the copper foil method, covering everything from tools and supplies to exploratory techniques such as including foraged and found objects into your work. Skills are demonstrated through tutorials with photos, instructional drawings and 16 stunning patterns. Whether you're looking to decorate your windows, create lovely gifts for friends and family or design your own epic masterpiece, Kicking Glass is the essential modern guide to stained glass making.

This volume contains a collection of 22 papers submitted from the below seven symposia held during the 11th International Symposium on Ceramic Materials and Components for Energy and Environmental Applications (CMCEE-11), June 14-19, 2015 in Vancouver, BC, Canada: * Additive Manufacturing Technologies * Advanced Materials, Technologies, and Devices for Electro-optical and Biomedical Applications * Multifunctional Coatings for Energy and Environmental Applications * Novel, Green, and Strategic Processing and Manufacturing Technologies * Powder Processing Technology for Advanced Ceramics * Computational Design and Modeling * Materials for Extreme Environments: Ultra-high Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs) and Nanolaminated Ternary Carbides and Nitrides (MAX Phases)

The Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceeding has been published by The American Ceramic Society since 1980. This series contains a collection of papers dealing with issues in both traditional ceramics (i.e., glass, whitewares, refractories, and porcelain enamel) and advanced ceramics. Topics covered in the area of advanced ceramic include bioceramics, nanomaterials, composites, solid oxide fuel cells, mechanical properties and structural design, advanced ceramic coatings, ceramic armor, porous ceramics, and more.

This book gives a comprehensive account on the manufacturing techniques to synchronize the desired properties of both traditional and advanced ceramics. Offers exclusive and up to date information on industrial ceramic processing equipment and approaches and discusses actual industrial practices taking a product-oriented approach It should serve as a text to answer the processing of ceramics and achieve targeted product in industrial environment.

This book focuses on next-generation smart windows which can change their optical-physical properties by reflecting and/or transmitting incoming light radiation to attain comfortable indoor temperatures throughout the year. Offers in-depth discussion of a range of materials and devices related to different technologies used in manufacturing smart windows Discusses basic principles, materials synthesis and thin film fabrication, and optical and electrochemical characterization techniques

Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings Volume 34, Issue 8 - Advanced Processing and Manufacturing Technologies for Structural and Multifunctional Materials VII A collection of 20 papers from The American Ceramic Society's 37th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, held in Daytona Beach, Florida, January 27-February 1, 2013. This issue includes papers presented in the 7th International Symposium on Advanced Processing and Manufacturing Technologies for Structural and Multifunctional Materials and Systems (Symposium 8).

A collection of 17 papers from thee popular symposia - Symposium 4: Armor Ceramics; Symposium 5: Next Generation Bioceramics and Biocomposites; and Symposium 9: Porous Ceramics: Novel Developments and Applications held during The American Ceramic Society s 40th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, held in Daytona Beach, Florida, January 24-29, 2016.

The concept of reinforcing brittle materials like cement paste, mortar or concrete with fibers has been known since ancient times. For example, baked clay reinforced with straw was used to build mud huts, and mortars for masonry were reinforced with animal hair. The wide variety of fiber types available in the 20th century has led to the development of a specialization in modern concrete technology based upon creating composites incorporating one or more types of fiber into the matrix of cement paste, mortar or concrete. This book summarizes and simplifies the results of a considerable body of research and practical experience with a wide range of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites. This information will prove invaluable to engineers, architects concrete contractors and others working in design, construction or product manufacture who may be unfamiliar with this technology.

Advanced Technical Ceramics Directory and Databook is a world-wide directory of the properties and suppliers of advanced technical ceramic material used in, or proposed for, numerous engineering applications. The information is subdivided into sections based on the class of ceramic, e.g. Nitrides-silicon nitride, sialon, boron carbide, aluminium nitride etc. Each section consists of a short introduction, a table comparing basic data and a series of data sheets. The book adopts standardised data in order to help the reader in finding and comparing different data and identifying the required information. It is designed to complement the existing Chapman & Hall publications on high performance materials.

This volume contains14 contributed papers from the following 2012 Materials Science and Technology (MS&T 12) symposia: * Next Generation Biomaterials * Surface Properties of Biomaterials

These Proceedings of a NATO-ARW (HTECH ARW 97 1843) held at the Oreanda Hotel, Yalta, Ukraine from April 29 till May 2, 1998 resulted from many discussions between various workers, concerning the need for a gathering of all (if possible) who were concerned with the subject of symmetry of the order parameter and pairing states for superconductivity. We applied ourselves in particular to High critical Temperature Superconductors (HTS), but also studied other unconventional superconductors. The study of HTS is one of the most prominent research subjects in solid state sciences. The understanding of the role of symmetry and pairing conditions are also thought to be necessary before technological applications since these features may be influenced by external fields. The workshop discussions have touched upon theoretical and experimental aspects, but also on related topics. These served as initiators for a very great amount of discussions with many comments from the audience. More than thirty "long lectures" and one on going "poster session" were held. Private discussions went unrecorded but obviously took place at many locations: lecture halls, staircases, cafes, bedrooms, bars, beach, bus, plane... Arguments openly reported for the first time were often quite sharp ones, -and this is an understatement."

Glass-Fibre Directory and Databook is a comprehensive listing of all commercially available glass-fibres, whether used for reinforcement, insulation or filtration. Full details - addresses, telephone and facsimile numbers - of the respective manufacturers, their affiliates, licensees and subsidiaries, agents and distributors are provided, together with tabulated specifications of the materials each offers. The volume is therefore an invaluable source of information for all those concerned in any way with glass-fibres in both the industrial and academic worlds. It enables professionals such as design engineers, consultants, purchase managers and specifiers to make an optimum choice from the wide range of materials now available so that the properties are more effectively tailored to both the application and the performance specification required.

Market: Engineers, researchers, and students in vacuum science and materials science and designers and manufacturers of vacuum electronic devices in any field where glass, ceramics, refractory metals, and joining methods are used. The republication of this widely used handbook makes available again an invaluable source of fundamental information on the construction of vacuum devices and provides a complete rundown on the properties of basic materials used in vacuum tubes (glass, ceramics, mica, carbon, graphite, iron, steel, copper, nickel, precious metals, refractory metals, and all relevant alloys). Most importantly, it offers step-by- step guidelines for basic joining techniques, including how to deal with common problems such as secondary emission and voltage breakdown. High-temperature properties are emphasized in recognition of the crucial role of vacuum devices in space technology.