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Books > Professional & Technical > Civil engineering, surveying & building

Spon's Construction Resource Handbook (Hardcover): Bryan Spain Spon's Construction Resource Handbook (Hardcover)
Bryan Spain
R7,461 Discovery Miles 74 610 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

Spon's Construction Resource Handbook is the first book to present critical information about materials, labour and plant constants required for the estimating process under one cover. It covers all areas of the construction industry and will provide all those involved in the preparation of tenders, cost estimates and first-stage estimates with the information they need to work with greater confidence and prepare more accurate estimates and tenders. With a unique style of presentation, it includes thousands of item descriptions and a comprehensive collection of data, including labour and plant outputs, materials, elemental breakdowns and lists of relevant organizations. Up-to-date and comprehensive, Spon's Construction Resource Handbook will be an indispensable reference for estimators, quantity surveyors, engineers and architects working in local government and professional practices, government agencies, and contractors in all fields of construction. It will provide an invaluable reference base for negotiation of new rates where variations occur on a contract.

Crashworthiness of Composite Thin-Walled Structures (Hardcover): D.E. Manolakos, G.A. Demosthenous, M. B. Ioannidis, A.G.... Crashworthiness of Composite Thin-Walled Structures (Hardcover)
D.E. Manolakos, G.A. Demosthenous, M. B. Ioannidis, A.G. Mamalis
R8,028 Discovery Miles 80 280 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

FROM THE INTRODUCTION
Vehicle crashworthiness has been improving in recent years with attention mainly directed towards reducing the impact of the crash on the passengers. Effort has been spent in experimental research and in establishing safe theoretical design criteria on the mechanics of crumpling, providing to the engineers the ability to design vehicle structures so that the maximum amount of energy will dissipate while the material surrounding the passenger compartment is deformed, thus protecting the people inside.
During the last decade the attention given to crashworthiness and crash energy management has been centered on composite structures. The main advantages of fibre reinforced composite materials over more conventional isotropic materials, are the very high specific strengths and specific stiffness which can be achieved. Moreover, with composites, the designer can vary the type of fibre, matrix and fibre orientation to produce composites with proved material properties. Besides the perspective of reduced weight, design flexibility and low fabrication costs, composite materials offer a considerable potential for lightweight energy absorbing structures; these facts attract the attention of the automotive and aircraft industry owing to the increased use of composite materials in various applications, such as frame rails used in the apron construction of a car body and the subfloor of an aircraft, replacing the conventional materials used.
Our monograph is intended to provide an introduction to this relatively new topic of structural crashworthiness for professional engineers. It will introduce them to terms and concepts of it and acquaint them with some sources of literature about it. We believe that our survey constitutes a reasonably well-balanced synopsis of the topic.

HVAC Engineer's Handbook (Paperback, 11th edition): F. Porges HVAC Engineer's Handbook (Paperback, 11th edition)
F. Porges
R1,401 Discovery Miles 14 010 Ships in 9 - 15 working days

In the almost sixty years since the publication of the first edition of HVAC Engineer's Handbook, it has become widely known as a highly useful and definitive reference for HVAC engineers and technicians alike, and those working on domestic hot and cold water services, gas supply and steam services. The 11th edition continues in the tradition of previous editions, being easily transportable and therefore an integral part of the HVAC engineer or technician's daily tools. Newly updated data on natural ventilation, ventilation rates, free cooling and night-time cooling, make the 11th edition of the HVAC Engineer's Handbook a vital source of information. Fred Porges has worked in both the manufacturing and process industries, and became a partner in a building services consultancy in 1962. He has held senior positions with design contractors, and his experience covers every building service and type of building from schools to housing, factories to laboratories.

Handbook of Material Flow Analysis - For Environmental, Resource, and Waste Engineers, Second Edition (Paperback, 2nd edition):... Handbook of Material Flow Analysis - For Environmental, Resource, and Waste Engineers, Second Edition (Paperback, 2nd edition)
Paul H. Brunner, Helmut Rechberger
R1,448 Discovery Miles 14 480 Ships in 9 - 15 working days

In this second edition of a bestseller, authors Paul H. Brunner and Helmut Rechberger guide professional newcomers as well as experienced engineers and scientists towards mastering the art of material flow analysis (MFA) from the very beginning to an advanced state of material balances of complex systems. Handbook of Material Flow Analysis: For Environmental, Resource, and Waste Engineers, Second Edition serves as a concise and reproducible methodology as well as a basis for analysis, assessment and improvement of anthropogenic systems through an approach that is helpfully uniform and standardized. The methodology featured in this book is a vital resource for generating new data, fostering understanding, and increasing knowledge to benefit the growing MFA community working in the fields of industrial ecology, resource management, waste management, and environmental protection. This new second edition takes into account all new developments and readers will profit from a new exploration of STAN software, newly added citations, and thoroughly described case studies that reveal the potential of MFA to solve industrial ecology challenges.

Stadia Arenas and Grandstands - Design, Construction and Operation (Hardcover): P. Thompson, J. Tolloczko, N. Clarke Stadia Arenas and Grandstands - Design, Construction and Operation (Hardcover)
P. Thompson, J. Tolloczko, N. Clarke
R9,657 Discovery Miles 96 570 Ships in 12 - 17 working days


Contents:
Additional Papers. Preface. Conference Steering Committee. Foreword: Stadia and Arena Through the Ages. Part 1 Development and Planning. Part 2 Risk Management and Safety. Part 3: Structural Design and Construction. Part 4: Services and Environmental Design. Part 5: New Stadia Projects in the United Kingdom. Part 6: Successful Stadia Projects Around the World. Author Index. Subject Index.

The Technical Development of Roads in Britain (Paperback): Graham West The Technical Development of Roads in Britain (Paperback)
Graham West
R947 Discovery Miles 9 470 Ships in 9 - 15 working days

This title was first published in 2003. The history of roads in Great Britain has not been one of steady development, but rather, one that has waxed and waned in response to social, military and economic needs, and also as to whether there have been alternative methods of transport available. Paralleling this, the technical aspects of road construction - with the one great exception of Roman roads - can be seen as a fitful progression of improvement followed by neglect as the roadmaker has responded, albeit tardily on occasion, to the needs of the road user. This text describes the technical development of British roads in relation to the needs of the time, and thereby touches upon its relation to the history of the country more generally.

Housing: The Essential Foundations - The Essential Foundations (Hardcover): Paul Balchin, Maureen Rhoden Housing: The Essential Foundations - The Essential Foundations (Hardcover)
Paul Balchin, Maureen Rhoden
R5,401 Discovery Miles 54 010 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

This work provides a comprehensive introduction to housing studies. Integrating contributions from across the spectrum of areas connected with housing, this multi-disciplinary, topical book is designed for students embarking on degree and diploma courses in housing, surveying, town planning and other related subjects. Professionals within these fields should also find the book useful as a source ofup-to-date information and data. Multi-disciplinary and including many illustrations and examples, this book focuses on key topics which include: equal opportunities and housing organizations; town planning and housing development; housing management, design and development; environmental health and housing; property, housing law, policy-making and politics; housing policy and finance prior to and post Thatcherism; and future policy issues under the new Labour government post 1997. Housing, often the largest item in personal expenditure, is humankind's most essential need after nourishment. Examining ways to satisfy this need, whether through an adequate provision of public or private investment or through mixed funding schemes, the authors stress the importance of housing market activity

Quantitative Risk Assessment in Fire Safety (Paperback): Ganapathy Ramachandran, David Charters Quantitative Risk Assessment in Fire Safety (Paperback)
Ganapathy Ramachandran, David Charters
R1,409 Discovery Miles 14 090 Ships in 9 - 15 working days

Fire safety regulations in many countries require Fire Risk Assessment to be carried out for buildings such as workplaces and houses in multiple occupation. This duty is imposed on a "Responsible Person" and also on any other persons having control of buildings in compliance with the requirements specified in the regulations. Although regulations only require a qualitative assessment of fire risk, a quantitative assessment is an essential first step for performing cost-benefit analysis of alternative fire strategies to comply with the regulations and selecting the most cost-effective strategy. To facilitate this assessment, various qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative techniques of fire risk assessment, already developed, are critically reviewed in this book and some improvements are suggested. This book is intended to be an expanded version of Part 7: Probabilistic risk assessment, 2003, a Published Document (PD) to British Standard BS 7974: 2001 on the Application of Fire Safety Engineering Principles to the Design of Buildings. Ganapathy Ramachandran and David Charters were co-authors of PD 7974 Part 7. Quantitative Risk Assessment in Fire Safety is essential reading for consultants, academics, fire safety engineers, fire officers, building control officers and students in fire safety engineering. It also provides useful tools for fire protection economists and risk management professionals, including those involved in fire insurance underwriting.

Construction - Craft to Industry (Paperback): Gyula Sebestyen Construction - Craft to Industry (Paperback)
Gyula Sebestyen
R2,540 Discovery Miles 25 400 Ships in 12 - 17 working days


Contents:
The past - up to 1945. A Brief History of Construction. What we found after World War II: The Years of Optimism: 1945-1974. Large-scale new housing and construction of new buildings. The performance concept. Modular and dimensional co-ordination. Mechanisation and prefabrication. Industrialisation (ideals and illusions). Building research institutes. The Technology catch-up: New materials and composites. New mathematical tools. Applied mechanics and building physics. Protection against fire and earthquakes. Structures. The Energy Crisis and its impact: Conservation of energy. Climate change. Pollution/Contamination of air, water, soil. New concerns. Development of the HVAC equipments envelope. New Technology in Construction: New and engineered materials, high-strength concrete, fibre-reinforced materials, textile structures, glass. Large span and very tall buildings. Major civil engineering works. New requirements for indoor premises. "Intelligent" buildings. Automation and robots. The Management Catch-up: New methods in procurement. Construction management. Facility management. Management of the firm; Methods. Structure of the firm ("lean" structure). Computer-assisted management. The Spatial Impact: Economic and demographic forces. Technology, telecommunications, transport, services, infrastructure. Regional considerations. The Future: Participants. Demand and supply. Substainability. The future of construction. Index.

Tidal Hydraulic Engineering (Hardcover): S.N. Ghosh Tidal Hydraulic Engineering (Hardcover)
S.N. Ghosh
R2,192 R1,767 Discovery Miles 17 670 Save R425 (19%) Ships in 12 - 17 working days

The text on tidal hydraulic engineering includes discussion of: basic characterstics of tides and tidal propagation; hydrographic surveys in tidal rivers; and design considerations for tidal sluice gates for drainage and fish farms in aquaculture.

Trauma and Fulfillment Therapy: A Wholist Framework - Pathways to Fulfillment (Paperback): Paul Valent Trauma and Fulfillment Therapy: A Wholist Framework - Pathways to Fulfillment (Paperback)
Paul Valent
R1,181 Discovery Miles 11 810 Ships in 12 - 17 working days


Trauma results in a wide variety of human unhappiness. In parallel, treatment of the consequences of trauma ranges from drugs, to single session psychological techniques, to management and cognitive therapies, to psychotherapies which take years. Some therapies deal with individuals, others with groups, some with children, and others with adults. With such a multiplicity of options, it can be difficult to make sense of the variety of manifestations and treatments. This work aims to clarify the situation by offering tools to conceptualize and treat a range of symptoms and illnesses, and to replace them with equally well conceptualized fulfillment alternatives. It is geared towards traumatologists, psychologists, counsellors, and social workers who help those who have suffered assault, bereavement, sexual abuse, or disasters. Upper level undergraduates students, graduate students and professors in trauma, loss, and bereavement.

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Electrically Conductive Membrane Materials and Systems - Fouling Mitigation For Desalination and Water Treatment (Hardcover):... Electrically Conductive Membrane Materials and Systems - Fouling Mitigation For Desalination and Water Treatment (Hardcover)
Farah Ahmed, Raed Hashaikeh, Nidal Hilal
R5,522 Discovery Miles 55 220 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

• Explores novel membrane materials and systems from preparation methods, materials selection, and their application in monitoring, fouling control, and performance enhancement. • Examines the mechanism of fouling prevention and cleaning in various electrically conductive materials. • Evaluates the scalability of antifouling materials and coatings, as well as electrically enhanced processes for monitoring and control in membrane separation technology • Assesses advantages and limitations of applying electrically conductive membrane systems to fouling control for specific water treatment applications. • Provides a critical review of scientific literature in the specialized area of electrical conductive materials and systems for membrane technology.

Integrated Drainage Systems Planning and Design for Municipal Engineers (Hardcover): Patrick Ssempeera Integrated Drainage Systems Planning and Design for Municipal Engineers (Hardcover)
Patrick Ssempeera
R3,200 Discovery Miles 32 000 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

Urban water management has to take an integrated approach that prioritizes sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) over gray infrastructure. This book elaborates on the planning and evaluation of pipework drainage systems with a focus on modern-day constraints to deliver a solution that favors sustainability as the overarching goal. The book includes a technical section on design of gray and green infrastructure, considering the total lifecycle costs of drainage systems. Advanced computer simulation techniques are discussed after covering the derivation of both standard and empirical equations for appropriate hydrology and hydraulics. The book provides an incorporation of reliability analyses for both green and gray infrastructure starting with techniques for forecasting flows, hydraulic performance, and lifecycle costs. The work also involves 3-D modeling, geospatial and big data analysis, and how these techniques are applied into city management—particularly beneficial to municipal engineers who are increasingly becoming involved in mapping the underground. Soil mechanics and subsurface drainage systems are analyzed and structural aspects of sewers are included. Finally, soil behavior in shear, retaining wall structures, and tunneling is briefly featured in the book. This book will be of interest to (under)graduate and postgraduate engineering students, drainage engineers, urban planners, architects, water engineers, developers, construction contractors, and municipal engineers.

Laboratory Manual for Groundwater, Wells, and Pumps (Hardcover): Rohitashw Kumar, Vijay P. Singh, Munjid Maryam Laboratory Manual for Groundwater, Wells, and Pumps (Hardcover)
Rohitashw Kumar, Vijay P. Singh, Munjid Maryam
R2,347 Discovery Miles 23 470 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

The over-exploitation of groundwater and marked changes in climate over recent decades has led to unacceptable declines in groundwater resources. Under the likely scarcity of available water resources in the near future, it is critical to quantify and manage the available water resources. With increasing demand for potable water for human consumption, agriculture, and industrial uses, the need to evaluate the groundwater development, management, and productivity of aquifers also increases. Laboratory Manual for Groundwater, Wells, and Pumps serves as a valuable resource and provides a multi-disciplinary overview for academics, administrators, scientists, policymakers, and professionals involved in the managing sustainable groundwater development programs. It includes practical guidance on the measurement of groundwater flow, soil properties, aquifer properties, wells and their design, as well as the latest state-of-the-art information on pumps and their testing, and groundwater modeling. Features: Covers geographic information system-based studies, advanced methodologies, and their applications and groundwater modeling Examines groundwater exploration, planning and designing, and methods for formulating strategies for sustainable management and development Serves as a reference for practitioners on practical applications and frequently occurring issues of ground-water investigations, development, and management.

Rock Blasting Terms and Symbols - A Dictionary of Symbols and Terms in Rock Blasting and Related Areas like Drilling, Mining... Rock Blasting Terms and Symbols - A Dictionary of Symbols and Terms in Rock Blasting and Related Areas like Drilling, Mining and Rock Mechanics (Hardcover, Revised and Thu)
Agne Rustan
R7,139 Discovery Miles 71 390 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

This dictionary represents today the most extensive rock blasting dictionary available and it is therefore a valuable tool and essential for research and writing reports, papers to international journals.

Terminology is important in the process of development of a science because it is the language for communication between students, teachers, technicians, scientists and practitioners in the field of blasting. This dictionary contains 1,980 terms, 316 symbols, ninety-three acronyms, abbreviations and shortened forms, 221 references, thirty-one figures, thity-two formulas and twenty-eight tables. In this book, not only short definitions of the terms are presented, but also a quantification of some terms is included, and their relationship to other parameters in blasting is highlighted.

All students, teachers, technicians, engineers, scientists and practioners in the field of blasting should get a copy as a desk reference book. If we all use the same symbols for example, the reading of blasting papers is speeded up and facilitated a lot.

Loose Boundary Hydraulics (Paperback, Student): Arved J. Raudkivi Loose Boundary Hydraulics (Paperback, Student)
Arved J. Raudkivi
R3,506 Discovery Miles 35 060 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

Sediment transport, two-phase flow and loose boundary hydraulics are some of the problems of interaction between fluid flow (water or air) and boundaries that may be non-cohesive (alluvial) or cohesive. Unlike in classical hydraulics, these boundaries can change their shape and texture with changing flow conditions. Some of the material from the boundaries may be entrained into the flow, or sediment may be added to the flow, sometimes by tributaries as suspended matter. One instance is the transport of granular material in pipelines Since the changing boundaries are the central feature of most flow processes in nature, the term loose boundary hydraulics is here introduced.
Examines the physical processes involved in the interaction between air or liquid flow and the solid boundaries of its movement, showing how the properties of each material affect the dynamics between them.

Remedial Measures Against Soil Liquefaction: from Investigation and Design to Implementation - From Investigation and Design to... Remedial Measures Against Soil Liquefaction: from Investigation and Design to Implementation - From Investigation and Design to Implementation (Hardcover)
N. Yoshida
R6,590 Discovery Miles 65 900 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

This text was compiled by the Japanese Geotechnical Society. It describes everything about the remedial measures against liquefaction currently used in Japan following research projects after the Niigata earthquake of 1964.

Building Materials (Hardcover): S.K. Duggal Building Materials (Hardcover)
S.K. Duggal
R4,513 Discovery Miles 45 130 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

This text on building materials includes discussion of structural clay products, rocks and stones, wood, materials for making concrete, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and miscellaneous materials.

Mechanics of Jointed and Faulted Rock (Hardcover): H.P. Rossmanith Mechanics of Jointed and Faulted Rock (Hardcover)
H.P. Rossmanith
R2,457 Discovery Miles 24 570 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

Topics covered in this text include: geology and structural geology; mechanics; dynamics of jointed and faulted rock; physical modelling and testing; constitutive modelling; seismicity and tectonics; instrumentation; hydraulics; and applications.

Arch Bridges - History, analysis, assessment, maintenance and repair (Hardcover): A. Sinopoli Arch Bridges - History, analysis, assessment, maintenance and repair (Hardcover)
A. Sinopoli
R6,295 Discovery Miles 62 950 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

Modern structural engineering surprises us with the mastery and certainty with which it plans and carries out daring projects, such as the most recent metal or concrete bridges, whether they be suspension or arch bridges. On the other hand, little is yet known about the state of knowledge of construction science and techniques which, well before the arrival of modern methods based on the mechanics of deformable continua, made it possible in the past to erect the vaulted masonry structures rthat we have inherited. The fact that these have lasted through many centuries to our time, and are still in a fairly good state of conservation, makes them competitive, as far as stability and durability are concerned, with those constructed in other materials. Although it is known that the equilibrium of the arch is guaranteed by any funicular whatsoever of the loads, contained inside the profile of an arch, finding the unique solution is not such a certainty. In other words, the problem of the equilibrium of vaulted structures is 'Poleni's problem', the one for which the Venetian scientist was able to give an exemplary solution on the occasion of the assessment of the dome of St. Peter's. Arch Bridges focuses on the main aspects of the debate about the masonry arch bridge: History of structural mechanics and construction, theoretical models, analysis for assessment, numerical methods, experimental and non-destructive testing, maintenance and repair are the topics of the Conference. The breadth and variety of the contributions presented and discussed by leading experts from many countries make this volume an authoritative source of up-to-date information.

Environmental Hydraulics - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Environmental Hydraulics, Hong Kong, China, 15-18... Environmental Hydraulics - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Environmental Hydraulics, Hong Kong, China, 15-18 December 1998 (Hardcover)
A.W. Jayawardena, J.H.W. Lee, Z.Y. Wang
R7,253 Discovery Miles 72 530 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

This text covers topics such as: hydrodynamic and water quality modeling; jets and plumes; turbulent sheer flows; air-water interaction; water quality models; environmental impact studies/Three Gorges project; water quality mangement; and eco hydraulics and river hydraulics.

Concrete Folded Plate Roofs (Hardcover): C. Wilby Concrete Folded Plate Roofs (Hardcover)
C. Wilby
R6,127 Discovery Miles 61 270 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

Concrete folded plate roofs used to cover large open expanses of space can pose complex design problems soluble only through detailed mathematical analysis. This book introduces the engineer to practical schemes and practicalities, and goes on to provide multitudes of useful design tables, which allow linear interpolation, for a large range of various schemes of folded plate roofs to help the engineer with his designs. Design examples using both SI and USA (British Imperial) units are provided using these tables.

Guide to the FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Cons truction: The Red Book 2017 (Hardcover): M D Robinson Guide to the FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Cons truction: The Red Book 2017 (Hardcover)
M D Robinson
R2,403 Discovery Miles 24 030 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

Enables readers to easily understand the contract to enable better compliance and efficiency Guide to the FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction: The Red Book 2017 helps the reader overcome some of the difficulties encountered on a typical international construction project using the FIDIC Construction Contract 2nd Edition (the 2017 Red Book), by summarizing the activities and duties of those involved, and crystallizing the requirements of the contract. To aid in reader comprehension, the text explains clauses in the sequence they appear in the contract, but also in the order they happen in real time on site. It further provides practical guidance in a concise manner, and in straightforward, jargon-free language. It is a highly practical resource for use during the project, rather than a legal review of the contractual requirements, ensuring readers are fully conversant with the revised requirements and procedures mandated by the 2017 edition of the contract. Guide to the FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction: The Red Book 2017 includes: A review of the duties and responsibilities of the three parties, the Employer, the Engineer and the Contractor, engaged on a FIDIC-based Contract A review of the flow of documentation and instructions which is to be provided by one party to another party throughout the contract period Practical guidelines are provided for the avoidance of disputes and delays in order that contracts are completed as planned Guide to the FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction: The Red Book 2017 is a practical and highly useful resource for engineers, consultants, project managers, and others who are engaged in the site management of international projects using the FIDIC Construction Contract, along with those involved in contractual administration on behalf of the client.

The Engineering of Medieval Cathedrals (Hardcover, New Ed): Lynn Courtenay The Engineering of Medieval Cathedrals (Hardcover, New Ed)
Lynn Courtenay
R5,408 Discovery Miles 54 080 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

The great cathedrals and churches of the medieval West continue to awe. How were they built, and why do they remain standing? What did their builders know about what they were doing? These questions have given rise to considerable controversy, which is fully reflected in the papers selected here. The first section of the book is concerned with the medieval builders and their design methods; the second focuses on engineering issues in the context of the infamous collapse of the choir at Beauvais in 1284. The following papers extend the analysis into the 15th century, looking for example at Brunelleschi's dome for Florence Cathedral, and deal with the often neglected structures of roofs, towers and spires.

Scour Manual - Current-Related Erosion (Paperback): G.J.C.M. Hoffmans, H.J. Verheij Scour Manual - Current-Related Erosion (Paperback)
G.J.C.M. Hoffmans, H.J. Verheij
R1,539 Discovery Miles 15 390 Ships in 9 - 15 working days

Ever since the publication in 1997 the original Scour Manual has helped many practising hydraulic engineers to deal with scour processes near hydraulic structures. In recent years new insights, such as probabilistic calculations, offered new opportunities to design structures more economically. These new insights are included in this update of the original Scour Manual, which is focussing entirely on current-related scour. This manual provides the engineer with useful practical methods to calculate the dimensions of scour holes in the pre-feasibility and preliminary stages of a project, and gives an introduction to the most relevant literature. This updated Scour Manual contains guidelines that can be used to solve problems related to scour in engineering practice and also reflects the main results of all research projects in the Netherlands in recent decades. The so-called Breusers equilibrium method has a central role, which can basically be applied to all situations where local scour is expected. The method allows to predict the scour depth as a function of time, provided that the available knowledge about scour at the specific structure is sufficient. For structures with insufficient knowledge available, alternative scour prediction rules are presented. The treatment of local scour is classified according to the different types of structures. Each type of structure is necessarily schematised to a simple, basic layout. The main parameters of a structure and the main parts of the flow pattern near a structure are described briefly insofar they are relevant to the description of scour phenomena. New scour formulas for the equilibrium scour have been elucidated. Evaluating a balance of forces for a control volume, it is possible to develop scour equations for different types of flow fields and structures, i.e. jets, abutments and bridge piers. As many scour problems are still not fully understood, attention is paid to the validity ranges and limitations of the formulas, as well as to the accuracy of the scour predictions. This information can also be used to carry out a risk assessment using a safety philosophy based on a probabilistic analysis or an approach with a safety factor. Moreover, the information on the strength of soils is extended and aspects are addressed such as scour due to shear failures or flow slides, that can progressively damage the bed protection which might lead to the failure of hydraulic structures. This updated Scour Manual presents scour prediction methods and deals with practically related scour problems. Consultants and contractors were invited to provide case studies of realized projects, including the methods that were followed. These case studies will help with grasping the concept of scour by the flow of water. This manual provides the engineer with the latest knowledge and with case studies that show how to apply the formulas and their limitations.

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