Comprehensive Textbook Resource for Understanding Transport Modelling Modelling Transport provides unrivalled depth and breadth of coverage on the topic of transport modelling. Each topic is approached as a modelling exercise with discussion of the roles of theory, data, model specification, estimation, validation, and application. The authors present the state of the art and its practical application in a pedagogic manner, easily understandable to both students and practitioners. An accompanying website hosts a solutions manual. Sample topics and learning resources included in the work are as follows: State-of-the-art developments in the field of transport modelling, including new research and examples Factors to consider for better modelling and forecasting Information and analysis on dynamic assignment and micro-simulation and model design and specification Agent and Activity Based Modelling Modelling new modes and services Graduate students in transportation engineering and planning, transport economics, urban studies, and geography programs along with researchers and practitioners in the transportation and urban planning industry can use Modelling Transport as a comprehensive reference work for a wide array of topics pertaining to this field.

This volume highlights the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of asphalt pavement technology, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the 5th International Symposium on Asphalt Pavements & Environment (ISAP 2019 APE Symposium), held in Padua, Italy on September 11-13, 2019. It covers a diverse range of topics concerning materials and technologies for asphalt pavements, designed for sustainability and environmental compatibility: sustainable pavement materials, marginal materials for asphalt pavements, pavement structures, testing methods and performance, maintenance and management methods, urban heat island mitigation, energy harvesting, and Life Cycle Assessment. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.

The question of what architecture is answered in this book with one sentence: Architecture is space created for human activities. The basic need to find food and water places these activities within a larger spatial field. Humans have learned and found ways to adjust to the various contextual difficulties that they faced as they roamed the earth. Thus rather than adapting, humans have always tried to change the context to their activities. Humanity has looked at the context not merely as a limitation, but rather as a spatial situation filled with opportunities that allows, through intellectual interaction, to change these limitations. Thus humanity has created within the world their own contextual bubble that firmly stands against the larger context it is set in. The key notion of the book is that architecture is space carved out of and against the context and that this process is deterministic.

Civil Engineering and Urban Research collects papers resulting from the conference on Civil, Architecture and Urban Engineering (ICCAUE 2022), Xining, China, 24-26 June, 2022. The primary goal is to promote research and developmental activities in civil engineering, architecture and urban research. Moreover, it aims to promote scientific information interchange between scholars from the top universities, business associations, research centers and high-tech enterprises working all around the world. The conference conducts in-depth exchanges and discussions on relevant topics such as civil engineering and architecture, aiming to provide an academic and technical communication platform for scholars and engineers engaged in scientific research and engineering practice in the field of urban engineering, civil engineering and architecture design. By sharing the research status of scientific research achievements and cutting-edge technologies, it helps scholars and engineers all over the world comprehend the academic development trend and broaden research ideas. So as to strengthen international academic research, academic topics exchange and discussion, and promote the industrialization cooperation of academic achievements.

This book summarizes the research results of carbide control in special steel from the authors. It includes the evolution and control of carbide in special steel in the process of electroslag remelting, rolling, and heat treatment, as well as the effect of alloying treatment (rare earth, magnesium, nitrogen, titanium) as heterogeneous nucleating agent on the carbides in special steel. It helps the readers to understand the formation mechanism and control technology of carbide in special steel deeply for improving the quality of special steel further. The book is useful as a reference for researchers, practitioners, teachers, and engineering management team in the fields of metallurgy and materials.

This book presents a novel approach to the formulation and solution of three classes of problems: the fully fuzzy transportation problem, the fully fuzzy transshipment problem, and fully fuzzy solid transportation problem. It points out some limitations of the existing formulations and approaches, indicating some possible, conceptually and algorithmically attractive solutions to alleviate them. In particular, the book describes new conceptual and algorithmic solutions for finding the fuzzy optimal solutions of the single-objective fully fuzzy transportation problems, the fully fuzzy transshipment problems and the fully fuzzy solid transportation problems. Moreover, based on the novel concepts and solutions proposed by combining the concept of a fully fuzzy solid transportation problem and a fully fuzzy transshipment problem, it describes a new class of problems, i.e. the fully fuzzy solid trans-shipment problem, together with its fuzzy linear programming formulation and some methods to find its fuzzy optimal solution. The book offers the readers a timely piece of literature in the field of fuzzy linear programming, and is expected to act as a source of inspiration for future research and applications.

This book provides a single-source reference for whole life embodied impacts of buildings. The comprehensive and persuasive text, written by over 50 invited experts from across the world, offers an indispensable resource both to newcomers and to established practitioners in the field. Ultimately it provides a persuasive argument as to why embodied impacts are an essential aspect of sustainable built environments. The book is divided into four sections: measurement, including a strong emphasis on uncertainty analysis, as well as offering practical case studies of individual buildings and a comparison of materials; management, focusing in particular on the perspective of designers and contractors; mitigation, which identifies some specific design strategies as well as challenges; and finally global approaches, six chapters which describe in authoritative detail the ways in which the different regions of the world are tackling the issue.

Written by a team of experts, Advances in Flowmeter Technology surveys the full range of modern flowmeters for product managers, strategic planners, engineers, distributors, and students. The origins, principles of operation,controls and instrumentation, and the relative advantages of each major flowmeter type are thoroughly explained. Extensive coverage of new types that employ cutting-edge technologies - such as coriolis, magnetic, ultrasonic, vortex, thermal flowmeters - is provided. The text includes comparative examples, placing these new types of meters in the context of more traditional ones, such as differential pressure, turbine, and positive displacement flowmeters.

This book gathers selected papers from the International Conference on Sustainable Design, Engineering, Management and Sciences (ICSDEMS 2019), held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It highlights recent advances in civil engineering and sustainability, bringing together researchers and professionals to address the latest, most relevant issues in these areas.

This book contains hundreds of cosmetic and toiletry formulations, based on information received from numerous industrial companies and other organizations. Each formulation is identified by a description of end use. The formulations include the following as available: a listing of each raw material; suggested formulation procedure; and the formula source. Also included are sections on Trade Name Raw Materials and Supplier's Addresses.

Advanced Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures analyzes contemporary theoretical models at the micro- and macro levels of material structure. Its coverage of practical methods and approaches, experimental results, and optimization of composite material properties and structural component performance can be put to practical use by researchers and engineers. The fourth edition has been updated to reflect new manufacturing processes (such as 3D printing of two matrix composite structural elements) and new theories developed by the authors. The authors have expanded the content of advanced topic areas with new chapters on axisymmetric deformation of composite shells of revolution, composite pressure vessels, and anisogrid composite lattice structures. This revision includes enhanced sections on optimal design of laminated plates and additional examples of the finite element modelling of composite structures and numerical methods. Advanced Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures, Fourth edition is unique in that it addresses a wide range of advanced problems in the mechanics of composite materials, such as the physical statistical aspects of fiber strength, stress diffusion in composites with damaged fibers, nonlinear elasticity, and composite pressure vessels to name a few. It also provides the foundation for traditional basic composite material mechanics, making it one of the most comprehensive references on this topic.

Performance and Improvement of Green Construction Projects: Management Strategies and Innovations expertly explains the specific characteristics and management approaches of green construction projects using in-depth examples that compare presented tactics to conventional construction projects. The book provides a holistic view on management strategies and innovations, focusing on the assessment and improvement of green construction projects and how to manage performance with respect to cost, scheduling, quality, safety, risk, productivity and leadership development.

This thesis details the novel preparation methods and the improved properties of two-dimentional (2D) black phosphorene (BP) and the polymer nanocomposites. Various surface treatment methods are used, and through these designs, better mechanical, thermal and flame retardant properties are achieved for these functionalized materials, thus reducing the fire risk of the polymer composite system.

This book focuses on the qualitative theory in structural mechanics, an area that remains underdeveloped. The qualitative theory mainly deals with the static deformation and vibrational modes of linear elastic structures, and cover subjects such as qualitative properties and the existence of solutions. Qualitative properties belong to one type of structure, are at the system level and of clear regularity, and often result from analytical derivation and logical reasoning. As for the existence of solutions, it addresses a fundamental issue in structural mechanics, and has far-reaching implications for engineering applications. A better understanding of qualitative properties can assist in both numerical computation and experimental studies. It also promotes the development of better dynamic designs for structures. At the same time, a sound grasp of the existence of solutions and related subjects can aid in quantitative analysis, and help researchers establish the theoretical background essential to their work. This book is among the few that is dedicated exclusively to the qualitative theory in structural mechanics and systematically introduces the important and challenging area to a wide audience, including graduate students in engineering.

This book focuses on important mathematical considerations in describing the synthesis of original mechanisms for generating curves. The synthesis is manual and not based on the use of computer tools. Kinematics is applied to confirm the drawing of the curves, and the closed loop method, and in some cases the distances method, is applied in this phase. The book provides all the notions of structure and kinematics that are necessary to calculate the mechanisms and also analyzes other kinematic possibilities of the created mechanisms. Offering a concise, yet self-contained guide to the mathematical fundamentals for mechanisms of curve generation, together with a useful collection of mechanisms exercises, the book is intended for students learning about mechanism kinematics, as well as engineers dealing with mechanism design and analysis. It is based on the authors' many years of research, which has been published in different books and journals, mainly, but not exclusively, in Romanian.

This study explores the multiple ways in which Congressional Cemetery has been positioned for some two hundred years in "the shadow" of the U.S. Capitol. The narrative proceeds chronologically, discussing the burial ground during three periods: a) The antebellum years; b) The years from the end of the Civil War to approximately 1970, when the site progressively deteriorated; c) The period from the early 1970s to 2007, when both public and private organizations worked to preserve the physical site and the memory of what it has been and continues to represent. This monograph on Congressional Cemetery focuses on the dominant narrative associated with the site: its legacy as the first national burial ground in the United States. Given this emphasis, the text presents a political and cultural analysis of the cemetery, with particular focus on the participation of the U.S. Congress. "This book makes historians and many others aware of a fascinating and complicated history. Moreover, it not only details the long history of the cemetery, but it uses it to explore the nature of historic memorials generally in the creation of national memory." Steven Diner, Chancellor of Rutgers University at Newark. "The Johnsons have done an excellent job of mining a wide range of sources and conveying the complex history of an institution that merits documentation... It's stunning to realize what a who's who exists in that space." Howard Gillette, Professor Emeritus at Rutgers University at Camden. "The history of Congressional Cemetery is intimately tied up in the changing demographics of its locale, and its corresponding decline as the neighborhood around Christ Church changed led to its emergence as a cause celebre for historic preservationists." Donald Kennon, Chief Historian for the United States Capitol Historical Society, and editor of The Capitol Dome.

This book discusses how to identify the level of adhesion in layered systems made of cement composites using a multi-scale approach based on experimental and numerical analyses. In particular, it explains 1. The suitability of previously used artificial intelligence tools and learning algorithms for reliable assessment of the level of adhesion of layered systems made of cement composites based on non-destructive tests 2. The development of the methodology for a reliable non-destructive evaluation of the level of adhesion in newly constructed layered systems of any overlay thickness and in existing layered systems made of cement composites 3. How to determine whether to assess the level of adhesion of the layered systems, and discusses the amplitude parameters, spatial, hybrid and volume parameters describing the morphology of the concrete substrate surface in the mesoscale 4. How to ascertain whether the effective surface area of the existing concrete substrate and the contribution of the exposed aggregate on this substrate, determined in mesoscale, have an impact on the level of adhesion of layered systems made of cement composites 5. The assessment of the structure of air pores in the microscale and the chemical composition of the cement composite on the nanoscale in the interphase zone together with the determination of their impact on the level of adhesion of layered systems made of cement composites 6. The development of an effective methodology for testing the level of adhesion of layered systems made of cement composites in a multi-scale approach, including the research methods and descriptors used.

With the release of the new NEC (formerly the New Engineering Contract), the use of the family of contracts continues to grow worldwide, as does the importance of understanding its clauses and nuances to everyone working in the built environment. Now in its fourth edition, this set of contracts is different to others in concept as well as format, so users may well find themselves needing a helping hand along the way. Written in plain English, Understanding NEC4: Term Service Contract offers a practical guide to the use and management of the NEC4 Term Service Contract (TSC). The authors describe the full life of a contract, from the initial selection of options and contract formation through to the operations period and ultimately termination and dispute resolution. Although born of the same stable as the NEC4 construction contracts, the TSC is aimed at maintaining infrastructure and differs significantly from its siblings. This is the first book to be written on the new contract and takes the reader through the important provisions including communications, planning, early warnings, compensation events and payments. It is ideal for clients, contractors and their advisors describing how to deploy the contract successfully.

Handbook of Materials Failure Analysis: With Case Studies from the Construction Industry provides a thorough understanding of the reasons materials fail in certain situations, covering important scenarios including material defects, mechanical failure due to various causes, and improper material selection and/or corrosive environment. The book begins with a general overview of materials failure analysis and its importance, and then logically proceeds from a discussion of the failure analysis process, types of failure analysis, and specific tools and techniques, to chapters on analysis of materials failure from various causes. Failure can occur for several reasons, including: materials defects-related failure, materials design-related failure, or corrosion-related failures. The suitability of the materials to work in a definite environment is an important issue. The results of these failures can be catastrophic in the worst case scenarios, causing loss of life. This important reference covers the most common types of materials failure, and provides possible solutions.

With its mixture of established theory, best practice and innovation Whole--life costing: risk and risk responses offers a thorough grounding in both the theory and practical application of WLCC. It will help to improve accuracy of the assessments of long--term effectiveness of projects -- now an essential tool for those performing risk analysis in construction investment.

This textbook describes the design of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures according to the latest advances both in the field of materials, concrete and steel, and in the field of structural analysis. These advances have been included in current version of Eurocode 2, which is taken as reference. All subjects are presented starting from their theoretical bases and passing to corresponding EC2 formulations. A large part of the book is concerned with the most innovative EC2 parts, like nonlinear structural analyses, second-order effects, punching and strut-and-tie models. The textbook is equipped with numerous worked examples, useful for the reader who is not familiar with the design of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures by the Limit State Method. Examples have been chosen among the most frequent cases of the professional practice. Thanks to this structure, it can be of interest both to structural designers for their professional training and to students of engineering and architecture schools for their studies. The volume contains twelve chapters, which follow the same structure of EC2, except for chapter 6 (dealing with prestressed concrete structures), which does not match any chapter of EC2, as prestressed concrete is considered in EC2 as a particular case of reinforced concrete, and corresponding formulations are shed over different chapters.

Physical Security 150 Things You Should Know is a comprehensive reference for the security professional. This book covers all aspects of security operations, from lighting and fencing to tracking systems and crime risk management. The "150 Things" offered by Tyska and Fennelly will help professionals in the field build a well-trained, alert, and conscientious security staff.

Format is unique in that it identifies subjects, then discusses and highlights specifics in terms of concerns and knowledge the security professional requires
Quick and easy reference
Covers basics of physical security - both high and low tech

This book presents simplified analytical methodologies for static and dynamic problems concerning various elastic thin plates in the bending state and the potential effects of dead loads on static and dynamic behaviors. The plates considered vary in terms of the plane (e.g. rectangular or circular plane), stiffness of bending, transverse shear and mass. The representative examples include void slabs, plates stiffened with beams, stepped thickness plates, cellular plates and floating plates, in addition to normal plates. The closed-form approximate solutions are presented in connection with a groundbreaking methodology that can easily accommodate discontinuous variations in stiffness and mass with continuous function as for a distribution. The closed-form solutions can be used to determine the size of structural members in the preliminary design stages, and to predict potential problems with building slabs intended for human beings' practical use.

This book reports on a comprehensive analytical, experimental and numerical study on the flexural response of post-tensioned masonry walls under in-plane loads. It explores an important mechanism in this new generation of structural walls, called "Self-centering". This mechanism can reduce residual drifts and structural damage during earthquake ground motion, and is particularly favorable for structures which are designed for immediate occupancy performance levels. The book reports on the development and verification of a finite element model of post-tensioned masonry walls. It describes a detailed parametric study to predict the strength of post-tensioned masonry walls. New design methodologies and expressions are developed to predict the flexural strength and force-displacement response of post-tensioned masonry. Experimental study is carried out to better understand the behavior of post-tensioned masonry walls and also to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed design procedure and expressions. The book also includes an introduction to current research on unbounded post-tensioned masonry walls, together with an extensive analysis of previously published test results.