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Books > Professional & Technical > Civil engineering, surveying & building
Whispers from the depths is more than just the story of the
building of the Kariba Dam in the mid-1950s. Built in just five
years against overwhelming odds, the dam is a monument to
engineering excellence. Shrouded in political undertones, the
construction of the dam was vital for the hydro-electric power it
would provide for Zambia’s burgeoning copper industry. Little
thought, however, appears to have been given to the future of the
human and animal populations who lived in the valley that would be
inundated when the dam was completed. The question has to be asked:
Was this awe-inspiring man-made creation achieved at too high a
cost in terms of the human suffering and environmental devastation
it caused? Central to the story of Kariba was the fate of the Tonga
people who had for centuries lived in the Gwembe valley, due to be
flooded when the sluice gates were finally closed to halt the flow
of the mighty Zambezi River. Approximately 57 000 people were
forced to move from their ancestral homes, abandoning family graves
and spiritual sites to the depths of Kariba's water. They became a
dispersed people who have never been able to reunite as a cohesive
society, never again been able to live peacefully on the banks of
the river which gave them life. Animals, too, perished in their
thousands despite the gallant efforts of wildlife personnel who
mounted a hastily planned rescue mission known as Operation Noah.
Whispers from the depths gives a voice to the all but forgotten
BaTonga. It celebrates their unique culture but deplores the price
they paid for progress – a price from which they themselves derived
no benefit whatsoever.
The preservation of heritage architecture is a cultural objective
rigorously pursued by communities and nations wishing to promote
their history, civilisation and aesthetic achievements. Structures
built in the remote past by traditional methods have suffered the
consequences of extreme loading events, such as earthquakes, over
long time periods. Retrofitting is an approach based on recent
technological developments and scientific knowledge, whereby modern
construction methods and materials are applied to the repair and
strengthening of historical structures. This book aims to inform on
current retrofitting techniques, their application to various types
of historical architecture and their effectiveness to fulfil their
purpose. Retrofitted structural forms covered in the book vary
widely from age old places of worship, such as churches, mosques
and temples, as well as castles and palaces to more modern,
distinguished private residences or public buildings, some of them
designed by well known architects. Their methods of construction
range from traditional, such as stone or brick masonry to more
recent textile block systems and even reinforced concrete
frameworks.Reference is made to detailed visual inspections of
damaged structure providing valuable insight into possible causes
of failure; such inspections are usually combined with material
characterisation which is an essential input to numerical modelling
for assessing the behaviour of the structure before and after
retrofitting. The book describes strengthening techniques for
masonry walls including re-pointing, injection grouting and the use
of steel ties. The use of reinforced concrete is proposed in the
form of cast-in-place walls, jackets or tie-beams; that of carbon
fibre reinforced laminates for strengthening walls and slabs.
Innovative use of materials, such as shape memory alloys,
self-compacting concrete or thin lead layers is also suggested.
Particular attention is given to methods for moderating the
consequences of destructive earthquakes. Seismic energy absorbing
devices and base isolation systems are two effective means of
providing protection against future seismic events although their
application is often met with many technical challenges in
practice.Retrofitting of Heritage Structures: Design and evaluation
of strengthening techniques will be of interest to members of
academic institutions, government or private cultural preservation
establishments and specialist consultant engineers. The book
contains very practical, technical advice on many issues; this
would be of considerable interest to construction companies
specialising in repairs and maintenance of historical structures.
This book addresses the challenge of reforming defense and military
policy-making in newly democratized nations. By tracing the
development of civil-military relations in various new democracies
from a comparative perspective, it links two bodies of scholarship
that thus far have remained largely separate: the study of emerging
(or failed) civilian control over armed forces on the one hand; and
work on the roots and causes of military effectiveness to guarantee
the protection and security of citizens on the other. The empirical
and theoretical findings presented here will appeal to scholars of
civil-military relations, democratization and security issues, as
well as to defense policy-makers.
Composite materials are a major growth area within advanced
materials and the range of applications for such products continues
to grow and increase in diversity with every new development.
Composite products are highly in demand and reached sales of $21.2
billion globally in 2014. The top three market segments in 2014
were transportation, construction, pipes, and tanks. Other segments
include energy, automotive, and aerospace. This state-of-the-art
book has been written by high-profile authors who have extensive
experience and knowledge in the field of composite materials. The
chapters in this collection would be useful for a wide range of
audience: undergraduate and post-graduate students students,
industrial professionals, materials scientists and researchers, and
composite manufacturers. This book provides the reader with a wide
range of information in the interdisciplinary subject area of
composite materials. The book consists of thirteen chapters. It
deals with two types of nanocomposites: graphene and carbon
nanotube reinforced nanocomposites, their manufacturing, properties
and applications. It also presents fibre reinforced composites and
a comprehensive review of bio-composites. Furthurmore, it has a
focus on thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of advanced
composite materials.
The book presents eight well-known and often used algorithms
besides nine newly developed algorithms by the first author and his
students in a practical implementation framework. Matlab codes and
some benchmark structural optimization problems are provided. The
aim is to provide an efficient context for experienced researchers
or readers not familiar with theory, applications and computational
developments of the considered metaheuristics. The information will
also be of interest to readers interested in application of
metaheuristics for hard optimization, comparing conceptually
different metaheuristics and designing new metaheuristics.
This book is intended to serve as a compendium on the
state-of-the-art research in the field of locomotives and rail road
transport. The book includes chapters on different aspects of the
subject from renowned international experts in the field. The book
looks closely at diesel engine locomotives and examines
performance, emissions, and environmental impact. The core topics
have been categorised into four groups: general topics, efficiency
improvement and noise reduction, alternate fuels for locomotive
traction, and locomotive emission reduction and measurement. The
book offers an excellent, cutting-edge resource for researchers
working in this area. The book will also be of use to professionals
and policymakers interested in locomotive engine technologies and
emission standards.
Reinforced Concrete Structures.- Restrained Imposed Deformations
versus Loads.- Reinforced Concrete Building Design - The State of
the Current Limits.- Review of Coarse Softening Analysis of Framed
Concrete Structures.- Moment Redistribution in Reinforced Concrete
Structures.- Elastic Rational Analysis and Tests of Unbraced
Concrete Frames.- On Shear Failure of R/C Thin-Webbed Beams Limit
and Evolutive Analyses: A Close Contest.- Loading on Concrete
Structures During Construction.- Comparison of Fixed and Rotating
Crack Models in Shear Design of Slender Concrete Beams.- 'Clean'
Physical Model of Cracked Reinforced Concrete Plane Element.-
Abstract from the Supporting Document of Eurocode 2 on Non Linear
Analysis.- Experimental Research of Reinforced Concrete Columns
Behaviour under the long-term Eccentric Normal Force.- Modelling
Impact Loading of Reinforced Concrete Structures.- Prestressed
Concrete Structures.- Tendon Stress in Unbonded Partially
Prestressed Concrete Beams.- On the Choice of Prestressing
Percentage in PPC Elements.- Stress at Ultimate in Unbonded
Prestressing Tendons by Strain Compatibility.- Stresses and End
Cracks in Anchorage Zones of Post-Tensioned Prestressed Concrete
Beams.- Fatigue Resistance of Post-Tensioned Cables in Partial
Prestressing.- Aseismic Prestressed Concrete Structures with
Confined Concrete.- Structural Optimization.- Procedural and
Declarative Aspects of Optimum Structural Design.- Two Notes on
Structural Optimization.- Reliability-Based Structural Optimization
Research at the University of Colorado: A Brief Retrospective
1983-1991.- Design Optimization of Civil Engineering Structures: A
Retrospective.- Approximations for Structural Optimization.-
Optimal Plastic Design of Imperfect Frame Structures.- Nonlinear
Material Behaviour.- Consistent Finite Element Models for Elastic
Plastic Kirchhoff Plates.- Variational Formulations of the Linear
Viscoelastic Problem with General Viscous Kernels.- Application of
Strain Energy in the Characterization of Non-Linear Polymeric
Materials.- Incremental Elastic-Ziegler Kinematic Hardening
Plasticity Formulations and an Algorithm for the Numerical
Integration with an 'A Priori' Error Control.- Large Plastic
Deformation of Short Tubes and Rings.- Mathematical Expressions of
Non-Linear Behaviors in Structural Mechanics.- Structural
Engineering.- The Degree of Restraint - A Useful Concept for
Practical Stability Analysis (columns, frames, bars on elastic
foundations, shells).- Expert Systems in Design of Structures: An
Application to Bridges.- Reliability of Flexibly-Connected Steel
Frames in Sway.- Safety Level Selection using Social Indicators.-
Static Behavior of a Bearing Brick Wall Leaning on Localized
Supports: A Case Study Concerning the Consolidation Project of the
S. Faustino Convent in Brescia.- The Mesh Description for
Structural Analysis by Mathematical Programming.- Partial
Reliability Factors for Material Properties.- The Influence of the
Basic Parameters on the Load Bearing Behaviour of Cable Stayed
Bridges.
This book is a plea for a sympathetic approach to the conservation
and repair of traditional stone buildings. These beautiful
buildings are in danger of disappearing from the landscape because
they are not yet properly understood. Here is a book about saving
them by applying traditional techniques in a sympathetic manner,
using materials and methods that are in harmony with their nature.
Patrick McAfee, a stone-mason, conservation consultant and author
of the bestselling Irish Stone Walls, shows how traditional stone
buildings were originally constructed; he outlines the traditional
techniques, tells how the stone was worked and details the proper
methods of repair and maintenance. As well as dealing with stone,
the book also covers lime mortars and other traditional finishes.
Includes a survey of stone buildings world-wide. Much of the
information is practical, hands-on, and intended for the
enthusiastic householder as well as the more experienced builder,
with step-by-step instructions from an acknowledged expert.
A key problem facing the construction industry is that all work is
done by transient project teams, and in the past there has been no
structured approach to learning from projects once they are
completed. Now, though, the industry is adapting concepts of
knowledge management to improve the situation.
This book brings together 13 contributors from research and
industry to show how managing construction knowledge can bring real
benefits to organisations and projects. It covers a wide range of
issues, from basic definitions and fundamental concepts, to the
role of information technology, and engendering a knowledge sharing
culture. Practical examples from construction and other industry
sectors are used throughout to illustrate the various dimensions of
knowledge management. The challenges of implementing knowledge
management are outlined and the ensuing benefits highlighted.
This book presents a selection of the best papers from the HEaRT
2015 conference, held in Lisbon, Portugal, which provided a
valuable forum for engineers and architects, researchers and
educators to exchange views and findings concerning the
technological history, construction features and seismic behavior
of historical timber-framed walls in the Mediterranean countries.
The topics covered are wide ranging and include historical aspects
and examples of the use of timber-framed construction systems in
response to earthquakes, such as the gaiola system in Portugal and
the Bourbon system in southern Italy; interpretation of the
response of timber-framed walls to seismic actions based on
calculations and experimental tests; assessment of the
effectiveness of repair and strengthening techniques, e.g., using
aramid fiber wires or sheets; and modelling analyses. In addition,
on the basis of case studies, a methodology is presented that is
applicable to diagnosis, strengthening and improvement of seismic
performance and is compatible with modern theoretical principles
and conservation criteria. It is hoped that, by contributing to the
knowledge of this construction technique, the book will help to
promote conservation of this important component of Europe's
architectural heritage.
This book summarizes the technical advances in recent decades and
the various theories on rock excavation raised by scholars from
different countries, including China and Russia. It not only
focuses on rock blasting but also illustrates a number of
non-blasting methods, such as mechanical excavation in detail. The
book consists of 3 parts: Basic Knowledge, Surface Excavation and
Underground Excavation. It presents a variety of technical methods
and data from diverse sources in the book, making it a valuable
theoretical and practical reference resource for engineers,
researchers and postgraduates alike.
This thesis explores the use of travel plans for new residential
developments as a tool for managing car use and encouraging the use
of more sustainable forms of transport. It provides coverage of the
scale of travel planning practice for new developments, industry
perspectives on their development and implementation, and an
assessment of their quality and effectiveness. It combines
implementation theory and planning enforcement theory to identify
opportunities to enhance the effectiveness of travel plans for new
residential developments and to guide future travel planning
practice. This thesis is useful and will appeal to both researchers
and practitioners involved in transport planning for new
residential developments.
This book gathers the latest advances, innovations, and
applications in the field of building design and construction, as
presented by researchers and engineers at the International
Conference BUILDINTECH BIT 2020, Innovations and Technologies in
Construction, held in Belgorod, Russia, on October 8-9, 2020. It
covers highly diverse topics, including building materials,
industrial and civil construction, structural mechanics and theory
of structures, computational methods and IT in construction,
organization and technologies of construction production. The
contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous
international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting
ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster
multidisciplinary collaborations.
Ensuring current and future architecture is both successfully and
sustainably produced is critical for cities and communities to not
only survive but thrive. Additionally, improving built environment
practices is necessary to protect the world as well as its various
populations. Further study on the current challenges and future
directions of sustainable architecture is required in order to
create a stronger, healthier society. Contemporary Issues,
Challenges, and Opportunities in Sustainable Architecture discusses
the role of architecture and the built environment on communities,
ecology, and society; relevant issues related to the production of
sustainable built environments; and the socio-cultural integration
aspects of innovative architectural designs in urban settings. The
book also addresses heritage practices, responses to climate
action, and technology applications. Covering key topics such as
energy efficiency, urban green spaces, and sustainable solutions,
this reference work is ideal for policymakers, architects, industry
professionals, researchers, scholars, academicians, practitioners,
instructors, and students.
This volume shines a new light on short fibre reinfoced
cementitious composites and particle reinforced ceramics. It offers
insight from various disciplines like civil engineering, material
sciences and micro-mechanics, and collects 9 experimental,
numerical and theoretical studies written by top researchers in
composite concrete science. The book presents the outcome of the
EUROMECH 582 colloquium "Short Fibre Reinfoced Cementitious
Composites and Ceramics" held 20 - 22 March 2017, Tallinn, Estonia.
This book presents state-of-the-art, essential methods and tools
for flood risk assessment and management. The costs of damage
caused by extreme weather events, among which floods are a major
category, are rapidly rising, both globally and across Europe. The
scope and scale of flood episodes point to the need for
comprehensive proposals, including the implementation of flood
protection measures in areas exposed to flood risk. This book is
dedicated to flood damage assessment, and addresses the management
of social, economic and environmental damage. It develops a general
methodology for flood risk assessment and presents a range of
effective flood protection methods in keeping with the objectives
of flood risk management. As such, it offers a valuable resource
for young researchers, academics, lecturers and water management
practitioners alike.
This book presents new approaches to security risk analysis and
scenario building on the basis of water works such as flood
barriers and storm surge barriers. Defending flood barriers is not
only important because of climate change and rising sea levels, but
also due to the vulnerability of fresh water supplies and the
increasing number of people living in vulnerable low-lying river
and sea deltas.
Marine Concrete Structures: Design, Durability and Performance
comprehensively examines structures located in, under, or in close
proximity to the sea. A major emphasis of the book is on the
long-term performance of marine concrete structures that not only
represent major infrastructure investment and provision, but are
also required to operate with minimal maintenance. Chapters review
the design, specification, construction, and operation of marine
concrete structures, and examine their performance and durability
in the marine environment. A number of case studies of significant
marine concrete structures from around the world are included which
help to reinforce the principles outlined in earlier chapters and
provide useful background to these types of structures. The result
is a thorough and up-to-date reference source that engineers,
researchers, and postgraduate students in this field will find
invaluable.
3rd edition. Describes the Bureau of Reclamation's experience in
the design and construction of dams and control works. Illustrated
throughout.
This book combines comprehensive multi-angle discussions on fully
connected and automated vehicle highway implementation. It covers
the current progress of the works towards autonomous vehicle
highway development, which encompasses the discussion on the
technical, social, and policy as well as security aspects of
Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAV) topics. This, in return,
will be beneficial to a vast amount of readers who are interested
in the topics of CAV, Automated Highway and Smart City, among many
others. Topics include, but are not limited to, Autonomous Vehicle
in the Smart City, Automated Highway, Smart-Cities Transportation,
Mobility as a Service, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Data
Management of Connected and Autonomous Vehicle, Autonomous Trucks,
and Autonomous Freight Transportation. Brings together
contributions discussing the latest research in full automated
highway implementation; Discusses topics such as autonomous
vehicles, intelligent transportation systems, and smart highways;
Features contributions from researchers, academics, and
professionals from a broad perspective.
This book expands the body of scientific knowledge on research and
solutions for alternative water systems. It addresses a wide
variety of water management issues in buildings, ranging from the
technical possibilities, hydraulic and financial efficiency, and
public acceptance of decentralized water systems, to their impact
on sewage systems. Climate changes, population growth, and
progressive urbanization are the main causes of the growing
interest in alternative sources of water around the world.
Decentralized systems are seen not only as solutions that can
effectively save water, but also as systems that can operate
partially or completely independently of centralized suppliers.
With these aspects in mind, the main focus of this book is on
showcasing a new approach to water management at the building
scale. The findings and insights presented here will support the
development of future technical guidelines for using alternative
water systems in urban areas - an aspect that is particularly
important since, in many European countries, these systems are only
very rarely used.
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