Im Jahr 2016 hat der BGH der versicherungsnehmenden Gesellschaft einer D&O-Versicherung infolge einer Abtretung des Freistellungsanspruchs durch versicherte Organmitglieder einen Direktanspruch gegen den Versicherer auf Grundlage von 108 Abs. 2 VVG zugesprochen. Ausgehend davon untersucht die Autorin Direktanspruche der Aktiengesellschaft in den Konstellationen der Insolvenz, Zwangsvollstreckung und Abtretung. Sie kommt unter Betrachtung der Rechtsnatur der D&O-Versicherung als Haftpflichtversicherung fur fremde Rechnung und Anerkennung der Gesellschaft als Dritter im Sinne der 100 ff. VVG zu dem Schluss, dass ihr in Innenhaftungsfallen in den drei Konstellationen ein deckungsrechtlicher Zahlungsanspruch gegen den Versicherer zustehen kann, nicht hingegen ein vertraglicher Anspruch.

[Writings pertaining to European and international private, banking and commercial law] Europeanization and internationalization challenge the realm of jurisprudence to an extraordinary degree. The division in special fields and the relationship with other social sciences necessitate critical reevaluation in view of many interactions. Cross-references between commercial law regulation and private, autonomous arrangement distinctly show this development. Jurisprudence emerging beyond Germany has to deal with such challenges. The law of financial services serves as an example of the cross-section material from private law and (public) commercial law. This takes into account the series at hand in terms of content and method. In addition to banking, capital market and financial law as the main emphasis, corporate law, competition & cartel law, intangible property rights, insolvency law and also labor law show similar overlaps. The intensive internationally-oriented treatment of the overlaps of classical private law - in particular contractual law - and commercial law promise a bountiful yield, especially on the European level under the summarizing aspect of corporate law. The outstanding monography also finds its place in the series, as well as the conference volume, works in German and also occasional works in English. There are economically-aligned works in addition to juridical works constituting the main emphasis. Works pertaining to Europeanization and internationalization are compiled in the series, which convey commercial law and commercially-conceived private law in an outstanding manner.

The creation of a civil code in the Peoplesa (TM) Republic of China has been underway for quite some time. Debates have arisen within this process, one of which relates to the manner in which personality rights should be included in the codification. The issue of whether a general personality right for legal entities should be included in the civil code has proven especially controversial.This work on the personality right under private law in the Peoplea (TM)s Republic of China focuses on the current and possible future scope of the protection offered under the personality right. On the one hand, the extent of protection in personal terms, namely the question of who is considered to be a holder of personality rights, is examined. On the other hand, the extent of the personality right holdera (TM)s protection in factual terms is considered, i.e. which aspects are included under personality right protection.

Mergers and acquisitions occur for many legitimate reasons and should be encouraged as a matter of general policy, yet the resulting increase in the level of market concentration and market strength can lead to concerns that certain 'deals' may irreparably damage the market structure and create anti-competitive effects. This volume explores the competition concerns arising out of mergers and acquisitions, the reasons for merger control and the fundamental options that face all jurisdictions intent on implementing an effective merger control regime. The volume acts as a guide through the development of merger control law, policy and scholarly thought and includes commentary on each of the key stages of any effective merger control regime. The articles consider the objectives of merger control and the broader political landscape within which mergers take place; the procedural issues in merger control, including jurisdictional matters and due process; the different substantive legal standards incorporated into merger control; the relevant theories of harm and the appropriate treatment of efficiencies; and the use of remedies in merger control. The chosen articles mainly, but not exclusively, focus on the US and EU, and several adopt a cross-disciplinary approach encompassing law, political science and economics.

This book brings together research on democratization processes and constitutional justice by examining the role of three generations of European constitutional courts in the transitions to democracy that took place in Europe in the twentieth century. Using a comparative perspective, the author examines how the constitutional courts during that period managed to ensure an initial full implementation of the constitutional provisions, thus contributing - together with other actors and factors - to the positive outcome of the democratization processes. European Constitutional Courts and Transitions to Democracy provides a better understanding of the relationship between transitions to democracy and constitutionalism from the perspective of constitutional courts.

In Third Party Funding, Gian Marco Solas, for the first time, describes third party funding (TPF) as stand-alone practice within the wider litigation and legal services' markets. The book reports on legal issues related to TPF in both common law and civil law jurisdictions, and in the international context. It then discusses the incentives and economics of TPF transactions in different legal contexts while explaining how the practice emerged and how it is likely to develop. In addition, the book offers practical insights into TPF transactions and analyzes a number of regulatory proposals that could affect its use and desirability. This work should be read by scholars, practitioners, policymakers, and anyone else interested in how TPF is changing the practice of law.

Property, or property rights, remains one of the most central elements in moral, legal, and political thought. It figures centrally in the work of figures as various as Grotius, Locke, Hume, Smith, Hegel and Kant. This collection of essays brings fresh perspective on property theory, from both legal and political theoretical perspectives, and is essential reading for anyone interested in the nature of property. Edited by two of the world's leading theorists of property, James Penner and Michael Otsuka, this volume brings together essays which consider, amongst other topics, property and public law, the importance of legal forms in property theory, whether use or exclusion are most essential to our understanding of property, distributive justice, Lockean and Grotian theories, the common ownership of the Earth, and Confucian ideas of property.

Kommt es im Nachgang an ein Strafverfahren zu einem ausserstrafrechtlichen Folgeverfahren, stellt sich die Frage, wie mit Verdachtsmomenten umzugehen ist. Besonders im Fall eines Freispruchs aus Mangel an Beweisen bestehen Schwierigkeiten, den Schutz des Freigesprochenen auch im Folgeverfahren zu gewahrleisten ohne Rechte Dritter zu beschranken. Der Europaische Gerichtshof fur Menschenrechte begegnet dieser Problematik mit einer Ausweitung der Unschuldsvermutung auf den ausserstrafrechtlichen Bereich. Zentrales Thema dieser Arbeit ist, ob diese Rechtsprechung in das deutsche Recht transferiert werden kann. Die Autorin setzt sich mit der einschlagigen Rechtsprechung und Literatur auseinander und kommt zu einer vermittelnden Loesung. Daraus entwickelt sie konkrete Praxishinweise.

The articles selected for this volume draw on game theory, political science, psychology, sociology and anthropology to consider how the process of dispute resolution is altered, challenged and made more complex by the presence of multiple parties and/or multiple issues. The volume explores issues of coalition formation, defection, collaboration, commitments, voting practices, and joint decision making in settings of increasing human complexity. Also included are examples of concrete uses of deliberative democracy processes taken from new applications of complex dispute resolution theory and practice. The selected essays represent the latest theoretical advances and challenges in the field and demonstrate attempts to use dispute resolution theory in a wide variety of settings such as political decision making and policy formation; regulatory matters; environmental disputes; healthcare; community disputes; constitutional formation; and in many other controversial issues in the polity.

This volume considers the application of dispute resolution theory and practice to international conflicts and explores the uses of formal processes such as diplomacy or treaty formation, as well as more informal processes such as multiple-track private negotiations or peace workshops. The volume also presents materials on more innovative forms of complex transnational or sub-national conflict resolution, such as transitional and restorative justice institutions and processes, both formal (truth and reconciliation commissions) and indigenous and informal (Rwandan gacaca). The articles are selected from both public and private international law settings and query whether universal principles of multi-national dispute resolution are possible or whether each conflict is likely to be sui generis or requiring deep contextual analysis and integrity. They also explore the dialogic, as well as dialectical, relationships in the development of conflict resolution theory and practice in multi-cultural and multi-disciplinary settings and show that the application of dispute resolution theories from multiple sources and cultures (both Western and Eastern, as well as Northern and Southern) to multiple sites of conflicts (including courts, tribunals and other forms of dispute resolution at different levels and from multiple jurisdictions) raises important dilemmas of universalism and particularism in international conflict resolution.

One of the most challenging aspects of climate change has been the increased pressure on water resources limited by droughts and new rain patterns, which has been exacerbated by rapid modernization. Due to these realities, disputes across national borders over use and access to water have now become more commonplace. This study analyzes the history and adjudication of transboundary water disputes in five international courts and tribunals, two US Supreme Court cases, and boundary water disputes between the United States and Canada and the United States and Mexico. Explaining the circumstances and outcomes of these cases, Kornfeld asks how effective the courts and tribunals have been in adjudicating them. What kind of remedies have they fashioned and how have they dealt with polycentric and sovereignty issues? This timely work examines the doctrine of equitable allocation of transboundary water resources and how this norm can be incorporated into international law.

Despite the unprecedented growth of arbitration and other means of ADR in treaties and transnational contracts in recent years, there remains no clearly defined mechanism for control of the system. One of the oldest yet largely marginalized concepts in law is the public policy exception. This doctrine grants discretion to courts to set aside private legal arrangements, including arbitration, which might be considered harmful to the "public". The exceptional and vague nature of the doctrine, along with the strong push of actors in dispute resolution, has transformed it, in certain jurisdictions, to a toothless doctrine. At the international level, the notion of transnational public policy has been devised in order to capture norms that are "truly" transnational and amenable for application in cross-border litigations. Yet, despite the importance of this discussion-a safety valve and a control mechanism for today's international and domestic international dispute resolution- no major study has ventured to review and analyze it. This book provides a historical, theoretical and practical background on public policy in dispute resolution with a focus on cross-border and transnational disputes. Farshad Ghodoosi argues that courts should adopt a more systemic approach to public policy while rejecting notions such as transnational public policy, which limits the application of those norms with mandatory nature. Contrary to the current trend, the book invites the reader to re-conceptualize the role of public policy, and transnational dispute resolution, in order to have more sustainable, fair and efficient mechanisms for resolving disputes outside of national courts. The book sheds light on one of the most important yet often-neglected control mechanisms of today's international dispute resolution and will be of particular interest to students and academics in the fields of International Investment Law, International Trade Law, Business and Economics.

This book offers a transnational perspective of evidentiary problems, drawing on insights from different systems and legal traditions. It avoids the isolated manner of analyzing evidence and proof within each Common Law and Civil Law tradition. Instead, it features contributions from leading authors in the evidentiary field from a variety of jurisdictions and offers an overview of essential topics that are of both theoretical and practical interest. The collection examines evidence not only as a transnational field, but in a cross-disciplinary context. Each chapter engages with the interdisciplinary themes cutting through the issues discussed, benefiting from the expertise and experience of their diverse authors.

Based on case files, this study explores the social significance of the traditional Chinese legal system, and investigates how people utilized the courts during the course of criminal and civil disputes. The author emphasizes the ways in which law shaped social and economic change and how in turn the legal code and court system were adapted to local realities.

In this follow-up volume to the critically acclaimed The Constitutional State, N. W. Barber explores how the principles of constitutionalism structure and influence successful states. Constitutionalism is not exclusively a mechanism to limit state powers. An attractive and satisfying account of constitutionalism, and, by derivation, of the state, can only be reached if the principles of constitutionalism are seen as interlocking parts of a broader doctrine. This holistic study of the relationship between the constitutional state and its central principles - sovereignty; the separation of powers; the rule of law; subsidiarity; democracy; and civil society - casts light on long-standing debates over the meaning and implications of constitutionalism. The book provides a concise introduction to constitutionalism and a detailed account of the nature and implications of each of the principles in question. It concludes with an examination of the importance of constitutional principles to the work of judges, legislators, and others involved in the operation and creation of the constitution. The book is essential reading for those seeking a definitive account of constitutionalism and its benefits.

Die derzeitigen Anforderungen an Aufsichtsrate von Banken und Versicherungen sind vielfaltig ausgestaltet. Angetrieben von dem Gedanken, dass eine Professionalisierung der Aufsichtsratstatigkeit ein Mittel sei, um weitere Wirtschaftskrisen zu verhindern, sind Aufsichtsrate nach dem AktG, KWG und VAG einer steigenden Regulierung unterworfen. Zunehmende Bedeutung gewinnt die europaische Gesetzgebung welche unter anderem dem soft-law Regulierungsansatz folgt. Der Autor untersucht in diesem Buch die Wechselwirkung von oeffentlich aufsichtsrechtlicher und privatrechtlicher Corporate Governance im Spannungsfeld. Dabei geht er auf die rechtsmethodische Figur der "Ausstrahlungswirkung" sowie auf die fachlichen Anforderungen und die Mandatsobergrenze fur Aufsichtsrate ein.

Ohne VertrAge wAre die Juristerei und das gesamte Wirtschaftsleben nicht vorstellbar. Und kein Jura-Student kommt am Schuldrecht vorbei. In diesem Buch geht es um den Besonderen Teil des Schuldrechts und damit um VertrAge und die Rechte und Pflichten, die mit ihnen verbunden sind. Tobias Huep geht auf unterschiedliche VertrAge ein: Von KaufvertrAgen A1/4ber MietvertrAge, Dienst- und WerkleistungsvertrAge bis hin zu ArbeitsvertrAgen. Auch gesetzliche SchuldverhAltnisse, fA1/4r die kein Vertrag erforderlich ist, lAsst er nicht auA en vor. Aufgenommen sind bereits die aktuellen und praxisrelevanten Neuerungen im Pauschalreiserecht und der erstmalig geregelte Bauvertrag.

Das Buch setzt sich mit dem Prozessvergleich im Arbeitsrecht auseinander. Dieser rechtfertigt die nur in Ausnahmen zulassige Befristung eines Arbeitnehmers ( 14 Abs. 1 S. 2 Nr. 8 TzBfG). Allerdings ist die vermeintlich einfach zu bewirkende Befristungsalternative mit einem erheblichen Makel behaftet. Sie ruhrt aus dem nationalen Richterrecht her, ergibt sich aus einem Zusammenspiel zwischen dem TzBfG, dem BGB und der ZPO und wird wesentlich durch das europaische Recht beeinflusst. Die entstehenden Unstimmigkeiten fuhren auch in der Rechtsprechung zu Unsicherheiten und bewirken eine falsche Anwendung der Vorschrift. Die Folge ist oftmals eine unbefristete Beschaftigung. Der Autor beleuchtet die nationalen und europaischen Konfliktfelder des Prozessvergleichs im Arbeitsrecht und sucht Wege, um den Vergleich als Befristungsgrund risikoarm einsetzen zu koennen.

Now in its second edition, Australian Uniform Evidence Law provides a clear, accessible introduction to the law of evidence. Following the structure of the Evidence Act 1995 (Cth), the text introduces students to basic principles, then covers more complex elements of evidence law. Cases and excerpts from legislation have been selected to guide students through the application of the Act. This edition has been updated to include significant recent case examples and decisions. Each chapter includes a summary of key points, definitions and practice questions to encourage students to apply their knowledge to realistic scenarios. The final chapter comprises longer-form, complex problems designed to test students' understanding of the concepts and rules covered in the Act as a whole. Guided solutions to each question are provided so students can check their understanding. Providing clear explanations and examples, Australian Uniform Evidence Law is an essential resource for all students of evidence law.

'How much for my leg?' This is an apparently simple question that someone might ask their lawyer after sustaining a wrongful injury to the said limb. But, in Scotland, no fixed answer can be given. Nor can any official range of possible figures be given. Only after some serious professional work, perhaps taking many hours, can a range of figures be suggested. This study of the assessment of non-pecuniary damages for personal injury reviews the state of current approaches in Scotland, considers the conclusions of the Gill Report and compares differing approaches in jurisdictions worldwide, before presenting possible options for reform.