Reason Curve, Jury Competence, and the English Criminal Justice System, a cross-jurisdictional and cross-disciplinary book, seeks to stimulate discussion and extend the debate in the area of criminal trials in light of the absence of an articulated explanation for a verdict. The book traces the history and development of the jury, from the Carolingian kings, its advancement in the English Courts following papal intervention, the impact of the Magna Carta, to its general use, current curtailment in England and Wales, and re-emergence in Continental Europe. Central to the book's submission is the dictum that the jurors' franchise to deliver a cryptic verdict is 'a matter between them and their conscience.' In light of human and civil rights movements, the book advances arguments that a cryptic verdict may offend the principle of fair trials in criminal justice. This is amplified by the presence of a developing and significant body of law that demands that decisions by public officers be accompanied by articulated pronouncements regarding the basis for their decision. While the book does not contend with the sanctity of jury deliberations and recognizes the difficulties associated with reason articulation by lay assessors, it argues that the jury continuum provides a fertile ground not only for articulating a verdict in light of human experiences, but also for generating the reason curve, which provides legitimacy for that verdict. Furthermore, the reason curve argues that it is entirely possible for the jury to articulate its reasons provided the Criminal Justice System makes provisions not just to expect an explained verdict from the jury, but also provides it with the necessary facilities needed for compliance. Exploring research and sources in the fields of law and psychology in Europe, the USA, and other jurisdictions around the world, this book is written for an international audience as a catalyst for the student of legal jurisprudence who has interests in the concepts of reason, accountability, transparency, and human rights in the criminal justice system. It is also written for the cognitive and behavioral psychologist with an interest in lay decision-making in criminal trials. In the large legal jurisdictions of the USA and Canada, the right to a jury trial is enshrined in state articles. As such, there is less tinkering with the institution. In England and Wales where Parliament is supreme and the constitution is unwritten, no such right exists. Consequently, the government enjoys tremendous leeway in tinkering with the 'right to jury trial.' Whether or not the institution can evolve to deliver a 21st Century approach is a matter for full debate, research, and the march of time.

This book conducts an interdisciplinary and comparative examination of tort liabilities of multinational enterprises (MNEs). It examines the social, economic, managerial and legal characteristics of MNEs and compares the findings of this examination to the current understanding of MNEs in the way that tort liability is applied to them. Existing laws and principles related to liability of MNEs are explored from a variety of jurisdictions with the aim of assessing whether these laws are adequate for the challenges that modern MNEs create. Muzaffer Eroglu also proposes solutions to the problems of tort liability of MNEs.Comparing the theory of control in existing laws and the theory of control in business management structure, Multinational Enterprises and Tort Liabilities will be of great interest to academics, researchers, students and practitioners. It will also appeal to NGOs particularly interested with the liabilities of MNEs for their human rights breaches.

This book primarily provides assistance to litigators who find themselves acting for or against firms in contentious regulatory matters. The material covered is broad in that it covers matters of civil, criminal, administrative, and public law. It is also highly focused in that it is intended to act as a practical handbook for litigators; detailed explanations are given of practice, procedure, evidence, and remedies at the expense of general commentary on the non-contentious aspects of financial regulation. The book starts with two chapters that are primarily contextual. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the UK financial regulators whilst paying particular attention to the relationships between them and the ways in which those interactions can pose problems for litigators and the firms they represent. Chapter 2 summarises the authorisation process and its procedures, as well as the Senior Managers and Certification Regime. In both cases, it provides practical advice for firms and individuals in composing and submitting applications for authorisation and approval. Chapter 3 deals with the increasingly important topic of investigations and information gathering. It pays particular attention to the settlement of investigations and the FCA's procedures for determining discounts. The heart of this book is found in Chapters 4-7, which cover the various forums in which firms can be challenged for failing to adhere to regulatory standards. Unlike many works dealing with financial services regulation, which so often seem to focus on civil liability, this book aspires to be equally helpful to the criminal litigator. Criminal liability is therefore split in two. Chapter 4 covers practice, procedure, and evidence. Chapter 5 covers the substantive offences, defences, and sentencing. Civil liability is found in Chapters 6 and 7. Civil enforcement action taken by regulators, including RDC procedure, penalties, and an analysis of the basis and scope of the raft of potential remedies available to the regulator, are covered in Chapter 6. Individual action by investors and consumers is considered in Chapter 7 alongside wider legal principles that may come into play such as litigation. This chapter for the first time includes a detailed analysis of the types of claims often encountered by firms, including case studies on PPI and interest rate hedging products. Redress, complaints, the Financial Ombudsman Service, and relevant procedure are analysed in Chapter 8. Finally, Chapter 9 provides an overview of the independent methods of challenging regulators, including judicial review and the Financial Services Complaints Commissioner.

This book looks anew at the tort remedy and reform proposals surrounding the modern debate on compensation for personal injuries. Arguing that serious distortions underlie the debate because of its focus on victims of traumatic accidents, the author calls for the consideration of other legally neglected but highly publicized sources of disability including man-made health hazards such as asbestos, tobacco, and Agent Orange, and socially-spread diseases such as AIDS. This ground-breaking study demonstrates that attention to such crucial issues explodes much of the conventional wisdom about just how to tackle reform and reveals that a fundamental rethinking of the compensation debate is urgently needed.

Problems regarding the nature of consent are at the heart of many of today's most pressing issues. For example, the #MeToo movement has underscored the need to move beyond viewing consent as a simple matter of yes or no. Consent is complex because humans and their relationships are complicated. Humans, as a result of cognitive limitations and emotional and physical vulnerabilities, are susceptible to manipulation and mistakes. Given the potential for regret, are there some things to which one should not be permitted to consent? The consentability quandary becomes more urgent with technological advances. Should we allow body hacking? Cryonics? Consumer travel to Mars? Assisted suicide? In Consentability: Consent and Its Limits, Nancy S. Kim proposes a bold, original framework for evaluating consentability, which considers the complexities surrounding consent.

America is a nation founded on justice and the rule of law. But our laws are too complex, and legal advice too expensive, for poor and even middle-class Americans to get help and vindicate their rights. Criminal defendants facing jail time may receive an appointed lawyer who is juggling hundreds of cases and immediately urges them to plead guilty. Civil litigants are even worse off; usually, they get no help at all navigating the maze of technical procedures and rules. The same is true of those seeking legal advice, like planning a will or negotiating an employment contract. Rebooting Justice presents a novel response to longstanding problems. The answer is to use technology and procedural innovation to simplify and change the process itself. In the civil and criminal courts where ordinary Americans appear the most, we should streamline complex procedures and assume that parties will not have a lawyer, rather than the other way around. We need a cheaper, simpler, faster justice system to control costs. We cannot untie the Gordian knot by adding more strands of rope; we need to cut it, to simplify it.

The property tax in the United States has never been more important. Despite numerous attempts to limit its use, the property tax remains the most significant source of tax revenue for local governments. This is the "go to" book that draws together important legal cases and related materials on the fundamental legal issues concerning valuation, tax policy, and the property tax. This collection provides an overview of the structure and function of real property taxation in the U.S. It is intended to be useful to lawyers and law students, as well as to policy makers, practitioners, and others with an interest in the property tax. Originally published in 1994, this book has been updated and reissued.

Dispute management processes are becoming the norm as a precursor, or an alternative, to traditional court-based litigation. Dispute Management is a clear and concise introduction to an expansive range of dispute processes. Beginning with communication theory and practice, and the historical, philosophical and cultural considerations of dispute management, the book then addresses the traditional topics of negotiation, mediation and litigation, as well as interviewing, collaborative law and arbitration. Each topic is well-researched, offering the necessary depth, socio-legal considerations and balanced coverage of theory and practice. Chapters address relevant ethical and cultural issues and is supported by array of interesting examples that promote discussion. Case studies at the end of each chapter link theory to practice and present disputes between neighbours, conflict in the workplace and cases that make it to trial. Offering a combination of theoretical insights and practical information Dispute Management is a vital resource for students, lawyers and dispute practitioners.

The Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC) is one of the world's most highly sophisticated arbitration institutions, with a continuously growing annual caseload. Now in its second edition, this detailed commentary with its insider's perspective has firmly established itself as the leading, authoritative guide to the HKIAC Administered Arbitration Rules. The text has been updated to capture over 1,000 new cases since 2017. It begins with an introduction to the HKIAC, including a history with statistics and details of other services provided by the HKIAC. The commentary then examines each article of the Rules in depth, drawing on the authors' years of experience administering arbitrations under earlier HKIAC Administered Arbitration Rules (2008 & 2013), and highlighting changes introduced by the 2018 Rules, including provisions on online dispute resolution, the use of technology for the determination of the arbitral process, use of alternative dispute resolution techniques, early determination of proceedings, and concurrent proceedings. Offering practical guidance, the book makes reference to the Hong Kong Arbitration Ordinance as well as drawing comparisons with other institutional rules and the UNCITRAL Model Rules to emphasize key issues to consider when drafting an arbitral clause or strategizing over the conduct of an arbitration. Benefiting from the authors' previous experience with the HKIAC and with the support of the HKIAC Secretariat and other members of the HKIAC Rules Revision Committee, the book examines examples of anonymised cases handled at the HKIAC, and also discusses various issues arising from arbitrations involving mainland parties or enforcing arbitration awards in mainland China. In particular, the book details HKIAC's experience in handling applications under the new Interim Measures Arrangement between Mainland China and Hong Kong. The appendices include relevant supporting documents including recommended HKIAC Arbitration Clauses, the HKIAC Administered Arbitration Rules (2018), the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules 2010, the amended Hong Kong Arbitration Ordinance, and updated practice notes and statistics.

Dieses Buch analysiert eine 2017 angestossene Tendenz der hoechstrichterlichen Rechtsprechung, wonach die aus dem Arzthaftungsrecht stammende Beweisregel der Beweislastumkehr beim groben Behandlungsfehler auf andere Berufsgruppen ausgeweitet wird. In einem ersten Hauptteil werden umfangreich die Grundlagen zur Regelung des 630h Abs. 5 S. 1 BGB dargestellt; deren rechtsgeschichtliche Entwicklung, deren Starken und Schwachen, sowie Alternativloesungen fur das Beweisproblem bei der Kausalitat im Arzthaftungsrecht. Im darauffolgenden Hauptteil wird sodann die Entwicklung zur Anwendung der Vorschrift ausserhalb des Arzthaftungsrechts beleuchtet, beginnend mit einer umfassenden Auswertung von Entscheidungen seit dem Jahr 1962, die eine entsprechende Anwendung der Beweislastregel in Erwagung gezogen haben. Im Anschluss wird diese Entwicklung nach einer Festlegung der methodischen Bewertungsgrundlagen nach Fallgruppen differenziert beurteilt. So wird im Ergebnis eine subsumtionsfahige Formel fur kunftige Falle erarbeitet, die uber die Zulassigkeit einer Analogie zu 630h Abs. 5 S. 1 BGB entscheidet. Schlussendlich wird ein rechtspolitischer Vorschlag fur eine Alternativregelung unterbreitet, die nicht an die viel kritisierte Beweislastumkehr anknupft. Der Leser erhalt so einen umfassenden UEberblick zu der sich aktuell vollziehenden Rechtsfortbildung. Das Ergebnis ist ein Kompromiss aus den unubersehbaren Beweisnoeten in den gegenstandlichen Fallen auf der einen Seite, sowie dem Anliegen auf der anderen Seite, den Anwendungsbereich der Regelung zu begrenzen, um nicht das gesamte Haftungsrecht damit zu infiltrieren.

This title explores the normative foundations of European contract law. It addresses fundamental political questions on contract law in Europe from the perspective of leading contemporary political theories. Does the law of contract need a democratic basis? To what extent should it be Europeanised? What justifies the binding force of contract and the main remedies for breach? When should weaker parties be protected? Should market transactions be considered legally void when they are immoral? Which rules of contract law should the parties be free to opt out of? Adopting a critical lens, this book interrogates utilitarian, liberal-egalitarian, libertarian, communitarian, civic republican, and discourse-theoretical political philosophies and analyses the answers they provide to these questions. It also situates these theoretical debates within the context of the political landscape of European contract law and the divergent views expressed by lawmakers, legal academics, and other stakeholders. This work moves beyond the acquis positivism, market reductionism, and private law essentialism that tend to dominate these conversations and foregrounds normative complexity. It explores the principles and values behind various arguments used in the debates on European contract law and its future to highlight the normative stakes involved in the practical question of what we, as a society, should do about contract law in Europe. In so doing, it opens up democratic space for the consideration of alternative futures for contract law in the European Union, and for better justifications for those parts of the EU contract law acquis we wish to retain.

Revered as the "People's Attorney," Louis D. Brandeis concluded a distinguished career by serving as an associate justice (1916-1939) of the U.S. Supreme Court. Philippa Strum argues that Brandeis--long recognized as a brilliant legal thinker and defender of traditional civil liberties-was also an important political theorist whose thought has become particularly relevant to the present moment in American politics.

Brandeis, Strum shows, was appalled by the suffering and waste of human potential brought on by industrialization, poverty, and a government increasingly out of touch with its citizens. In response, he developed a unique vision of a "worker's democracy" based on an economically independent and well-educated citizenry actively engaged in defining its own political destiny. She also demonstrates that, while Brandeis's thinking formed the basis of Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom," it went well beyond Wilsonian Progressivism in its call for smaller governmental and economic units such as worker-owned businesses and consumer cooperatives.

Brandeis's political thought, Strum suggests, is especially relevant to current debates over how large a role government should play in resolving everything from unemployment and homelessness to the crisis in health care. One of the few justices to support Roosevelt's New Deal policies in the 1930s, he nevertheless consistently criticized concentrated power in government (and in corporations). He agreed that the government should provide its citizens with some sort of "safety net," but at the same time should empower people to find private solutions to their needs.

A half century later, Brandeis's political thought has much to offer anyone engaged in the current debates pitting individualists against communitarians and rights advocates against social welfare critics.

Very Short Introductions: Brilliant, Sharp, Inspiring Arbitration is a legal dispute resolution mechanism, alternative to courts. It provides binding decisions, enforceable around the world. It is where parties take their disputes when they have agreed that courts, for one reason or another, do not suit them - which happens more often than one might think. Some of the most politically sensitive disputes on the largest scale go to arbitration. Countries which need to settle their boundaries in areas of the oceans rich in oil, gas and other resources sometimes arbitrate, and much of the war in Sudan was eventually tied up with an arbitration. Investors who have staked billions of dollars in unstable developing countries rely on arbitration clauses to protect their investments. But also much smaller, everyday cases are routinely dealt with by arbitration - millions of consumers, whether they know it or not, enter into arbitration contracts when they conclude routine transactions. Even athletes get involved in arbitration cases of great notoriety, for instance when these relate to doping offences during the Olympic Games. This Very Short Introduction explains what arbitration is, how it works, what parties who have agreed to go to arbitration should expect, the relationship between arbitration and the law, and the politics of arbitration. It also considers where the global system of arbitration is headed. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Returning to a theme featured in some of the earlier volumes in the Edinburgh Studies in Law series, this volume offers an in-depth study of 'mixed jurisdictions' -- legal systems which combine elements of the Anglo-American Common Law and the European Civil Law traditions. This new collection of essays compares key areas of private law in Scotland and Louisiana. In thirteen chapters, written by distinguished scholars on both sides of the Atlantic, it explores not only legal rules but also the reasons for the rules, discussing legal history, social and cultural factors, and the law in practice, in order to account for patterns of similarity and difference. Contributions are drawn from the Law Schools of Tulane University, Louisiana State University, Loyola University New Orleans, the American University Washington DC, and the Universities of Aberdeen, Strathclyde and Edinburgh. This title will be of interest to students of comparative law at senior undergraduate and postgraduate level, academics and researchers and also those who are interested in the mixed jurisdictions for the lessons they offer in the context of harmonisation of private law in Europe.

Dieses Buch vermittelt die Grundlagen des Wirtschaftsprivatrechts klar strukturiert, kompakt, praxisbezogen und fallorientiert. Es richtet sich in erster Linie an Studierende der Wirtschaftswissenschaften und Studierende, die Recht im Nebenfach belegen, unterstutzt aber auch angehende Juristen optimal bei der Klausur- und Prufungsvorbereitung. Neben Abbildungen, die den Lernstoff visualisieren, finden sich darin zahlreiche Aufgaben zur Selbstkontrolle. Beispielsfalle mit Loesungshinweisen sowie die begleitend angebotene SN Flashcards Lern App erhoehen den Lernerfolg zusatzlich.

Bereits seit Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts beschaftigt sich die Wissenschaft mit der Frage der Behandlung der quantitativen Klageermassigung im Sinne von 264 Nr. 2 ZPO. Ausgangspunkt dieser Frage ist der Befund, dass eine quantitative Klageermassigung - die Reduzierung des Klageantrags in seiner Hoehe - sowohl Elemente einer Klageanderung als auch einer Klagerucknahme enthalt. Diese Arbeit fasst den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu dieser Frage zusammen und entwickelt einen eigenen Loesungsvorschlag, welcher auf der dogmengeschichtlichen Wurzel von 264 Nr. 2 ZPO beruht und auch die prozessualen Konsequenzen einer quantitativen Klageermassigung berucksichtigt.

Oxford Studies in Private Law Theory is a biennial forum for some of the best new work in private law theory by scholars from around the world. The essays range widely over issues in general private law theory as well as specific fields, including the theoretical analysis of tort law, property law, contract law, fiduciary law, trust law, remedies and restitution, and the law of equity. OSPLT will be essential reading for academic lawyers, philosophers, political scientists, economists, and historians who wish to keep up with the latest developments in the flourishing field of private law theory.

In recent years, stories of reckless lawyers and greedy citizens have given the legal system, and victims in general, a bad name. Many Americans have come to believe that we live in the land of the litigious, where frivolous lawsuits and absurdly high settlements reign.
Scholars have argued for years that this common view of the depraved ruin of our civil legal system is a myth, but their research and statistics rarely make the news. William Haltom and Michael McCann here persuasively show how popularized distorted understandings of tort litigation (or tort tales) have been perpetuated by the mass media and reform proponents. "Distorting the Law" lays bare how media coverage has sensationalized lawsuits and sympathetically portrayed corporate interests, supporting big business and reinforcing negative stereotypes of law practices.
Based on extensive interviews, nearly two decades of newspaper coverage, and in-depth studies of the McDonald's coffee case and tobacco litigation, "Distorting the Law" offers a compelling analysis of the presumed litigation crisis, the campaign for tort law reform, and the crucial role the media play in this process.

Companion website: www.oup.com/clp1 This new work contains the most current analysis of the English law of contract. Contract Law in Practice enables easy access to the essence of judgements, and includes clear explanations of the law, especially where the law is unsatisfactory, undecided, or lacks certainty. Written by Neil Andrews-an experienced author-his highly valuable book is essential for all commercial lawyers and anyone interested in this fundamental area of the law. Contract Law in Practice Pack includes a digital version available on PC, Mac, Android devices, iPad, or iPhone to ensure that you have access to the latest research on the law of contract wherever you are. With precise links to cases and important passages of the leading judgements, the analysis is founded in the words of the judgments themselves, enabling clear interpretation of their impact on the shape of the law and easy access to judicial discussion. The coverage is comprehensive, and emphasis is made upon interpreting and elucidating difficult or undecided topics. Substantial references to further reading throughout enable easy research for the reader. The author identifies six key principles of contract law: freedom of contract; objectivity; the contractual bond principle; estoppel; good faith and fair dealing; and the compensation principle. These principles support the analytical rigour of Contract Law in Practice and provide the framework in which the author clarifies difficult aspects of the law.

Covering over one-hundred topics on issues ranging from Law and Neuroeconomics to European Union Law and Economics to Feminist Theory and Law and Economics, The Oxford Handbook of Law and Economics is the definitive work in the field of law and economics. The book gathers together scholars and experts in law and economics to create the most inclusive and current work on law and economics. It looks at the origins of the field of law and economics, tracks the field's progression and increased importance to both law and economics, and looks to the future of the field and its continued development by examining a cornucopia of fields touched by work in law and economics. The uniqueness of its breadth, depth, and convenience make the volume essential to scholars, students, and contributors in the field of law and economics.