In the decade since the first edition of this book was published, the technologies of digital design have continued to evolve. The evolution has run along two related tracks: the underlying physical technology and the software tools that facilitate the application of new devices. The trends identified in the first edition have continued and promise to continue to do so. Programmable logic is virtually the norm for digital designers and the art of digital design now requires the software skills to deal with hardware description languages.

Hardware designers now spend the majority of their time dealing with software. Specifically, the tools needed to efficiently map digital designs onto the emerging programmable devices that are growing more sophisticated. They capture their design specifications in software with language appropriate for describing the parallelism of hardware; they use software tools to simulate their designs and then to synthesize it into the implementation technology of choice. Design time is radically reduced, as market pressures require products to be introduced quickly at the right price and performance.

Although the complexity of designs is necessitating ever more powerful abstractions, the fundamentals remain unchanged. The contemporary digital designer must have a much broader understanding of the discipline of computation, including both hardware and software. This broader perspective is present in this second edition.

This book introduces the basic structure, modeling methods, numerical calculation processes, post-processing, and system functions of MatDEM, which applies the basic principles and algorithm of the discrete element method. The discrete element method can effectively simulate the discontinuity, inhomogeneity, and large deformation damage of rock and soil. It is widely used in both research and industry. Based on the innovative matrix discrete element computing method, the author developed the high-performance discrete element software MatDEM from scratch, which can handle millions of elements in discrete element numerical simulations. This book also presents several examples of applications in geological and geotechnical engineering, including basic geotechnical engineering problems, discrete element tests, three dimensional landslides, and dynamic and multi-field coupling functions. Teaching videos and the relevant software can be accessed on the MATDEM website (http://matdem.com). The book serves as a useful reference for research and engineering staff, undergraduates, and postgraduates who work in the fields of geology, geotechnical, water conservancy, civil engineering, mining, and physics.

This proceedings volume gathers a selection of outstanding research papers presented at the third Conference on Isogeometric Analysis and Applications, held in Delft, The Netherlands, in April 2018. This conference series, previously held in Linz, Austria, in 2012 and Annweiler am Trifels, Germany, in 2014, has created an international forum for interaction between scientists and practitioners working in this rapidly developing field. Isogeometric analysis is a groundbreaking computational approach that aims to bridge the gap between numerical analysis and computational geometry modeling by integrating the finite element method and related numerical simulation techniques into the computer-aided design workflow, and vice versa. The methodology has matured over the last decade both in terms of our theoretical understanding, its mathematical foundation and the robustness and efficiency of its practical implementations. This development has enabled scientists and practitioners to tackle challenging new applications at the frontiers of research in science and engineering and attracted early adopters for this his novel computer-aided design and engineering technology in industry. The IGAA 2018 conference brought together experts on isogeometric analysis theory and application, share their insights into challenging industrial applications and to discuss the latest developments as well as the directions of future research and development that are required to make isogeometric analysis an established mainstream technology.

This book addresses microwave chemistry at both the physical and molecular level. Its main goal is to elaborate the highly complex scientific issues involved in the fundamental theory of microwave chemistry, and in industrialized applications in the near future.The book provides detailed insights into the characterization and measurement of dielectric properties under complex conditions, such as chemical reactions, high-temperature environments, etc. Considerable attention is paid to the theory of dynamics in microwave chemistry, from the view of both physical level and molecular level. Microwave-Material Interactions simulation is used for physical dynamical analysis, while a Microwave-Molecules Interactions methodology is proposed for molecular dynamical analysis. In turn, calculational examples are introduced for better description and validation, respectively. Lastly, the book proposes design strategies and calculational examples for large-scale application. Richly illustrated and including a wealth of worked-out examples, this book is ideal for all researchers, students and engineers who are just getting started in the dynamics of microwave chemistry.

This book addresses the difficulty of obtaining a quality solution, that is, pre optimal or even optimal, in a reasonable time from a central processing unit (CPU). As polynomial problems can be treated by exact methods, the problem posed concerns non-polynomial problems, for which it is necessary to develop efficient algorithms based on heuristics or meta-heuristics. Chapter 3 of this book demonstrates how to develop such algorithms, which are characterized by: an initialization of argued solutions (sometimes, the global optimum can be obtained from such an initialization); a non-random generation of solutions (to avoid generating the same solution several times, or even generating solutions that cannot be achieved); avoidance of being trapped by a local optimum; good use of CPU time by reducing the size of the space of solutions to be explored (which is often very large for such problems) without compromising the quality of the solution; plus a reasoned displacement from one solution to another, to improve the quality of the solution as the processing is carried out. These aspects are applied to concrete applications in the design of integrated circuits and systems at various levels. To do this and to help the reader better understand this problem, Chapters 1 and 2 present basic notions on computational complexity, and the design of integrated circuits and systems.

This self-paced learning experience introducing AutoCAD from square one provides a thorough grounding in 2D drafting skills. McFarlane's hands-on approach is uniquely suited to independent learning. This book is a true step-by-step course that focuses on the AutoCAD functions needed for each stage of producing a 2D drawing.

This book presents selected peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Conference on Innovative Technologies in Mechanical Engineering (ITME) 2019. The book discusses a wide range of topics in mechanical engineering such as mechanical systems, materials engineering, micro-machining, renewable energy, systems engineering, thermal engineering, additive manufacturing, automotive technologies, rapid prototyping, computer aided design and manufacturing. This book, in addition to assisting students and researchers working in various areas of mechanical engineering, can also be useful to researchers and professionals working in various allied and interdisciplinary fields.

This book presents the select proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Manufacturing (RAM 2020). This volume, in particular, provides insights into current research trends and opportunities within the manufacturing processes domain such as conventional and unconventional manufacturing, micro and nano manufacturing, chemical and biochemical manufacturing, and computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM). The topics covered include emerging areas of the fourth industrial revolution such as additive manufacturing, sustainable and energy-efficient manufacturing, smart manufacturing, artificial intelligence in manufacturing application, and computer-integrated manufacturing. This book will be useful for to researchers and practitioners alike.

This book presents selected papers from the 1st International Conference on Industry 4.0 and Advanced Manufacturing held at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and includes deliberations from stakeholders in manufacturing and Industry 4.0 on the nature, needs, challenges, opportunities, problems, and solutions in these transformational areas. Special emphasis is placed on exploring avenues for creating a vision of, and enablers for, sustainable, affordable, and human-centric Industry 4.0. The book showcases cutting edge practice, research, and educational innovation in this crucial and rapidly evolving area. This book will be useful to researchers in academia and industry, and will also be useful to policymakers involved in creating ecosystems for implementation of Industry 4.0.

This book presents the proceedings from the International Symposium for Production Research 2020. The cross-disciplinary papers presented draw on research from academics and practitioners from industrial engineering, management engineering, operational research, and production/operational management. It explores topics including: * computer-aided manufacturing; Industry 4.0 applications; simulation and modeling big data and analytics; flexible manufacturing systems; decision analysis quality management industrial robotics in production systems information technologies in production management; and optimization techniques. Presenting real-life applications, case studies, and mathematical models, this book is of interest to researchers, academics, and practitioners in the field of production and operation engineering.

These are the proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Domain Decomposition Methods in Science and Engineering, which was held in St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada in July 2018. Domain decomposition methods are iterative methods for solving the often very large systems of equations that arise when engineering problems are discretized, frequently using finite elements or other modern techniques. These methods are specifically designed to make effective use of massively parallel, high-performance computing systems. The book presents both theoretical and computational advances in this domain, reflecting the state of art in 2018.

This tutorial offers a full complement of AutoLISP programming skills. Beginning with an introduction to the language, the programming environment, and the Visual LISP editor, succeeding chapters address data manipulation, user input and output options, programming dialog boxes, modifying AutoCAD drawing database objects, and using advanced features of the Visual LISP programming tool kit. Demonstration projects can also serve as core applications for reader's own use.

CAD Principles for Architectural Design is aimed at design students and practitioners interested in understanding how CAD is used in architectural practice. This book makes connections between the basic operations that are common to most CAD systems, and their use in practice on actual architectural design projects.

The ways in which CAD is integrated into the design processes of several leading edge practices is illustrated. Arising from these case studies is the emergence of a contemporary phenomenon of integrated CAD, in which all aspects of design schemes are brought together within computational frameworks that support the analysis of design proposals.
Szalapaj's view of CAD is one in which computers constitute a medium in which designers can express design ideas, rather than viewing computers as problem solving machines. For creative designers to successfully exploit CAD technology, CAD systems should reflect designers' intuitions as described by designers themselves
*Learn how to express your design ideas in CAD
*Understand the principles of CAD that are essential to all architects
*Turns theory into practice with an international range of contemporary architectural projects

This book consists of peer-reviewed proceedings from the International Conference on Innovations in Mechanical Engineering (ICIME 2020). The contents cover latest research in all major areas of mechanical engineering, and are broadly divided into five parts: (i) thermal engineering, (ii) design and optimization, (iii) production and industrial engineering, (iv) materials science and metallurgy, and (v) multidisciplinary topics. Different aspects of designing, modeling, manufacturing, optimizing, and processing are discussed in the context of emerging applications. Given the range of topics covered, this book can be useful for students, researchers as well as professionals.

IDT (Intelligent Decision Technologies) seeks an interchange of research on intelligent systems and intelligent technologies which enhance or improve decision making in industry, government and academia. The focus is interdisciplinary in nature, and includes research on all aspects of intelligent decision technologies, from fundamental development to the applied system.

It constitutes a great honor and pleasure for us to publish the works and new research results of scholars from the First KES International Symposium on Intelligent Decision Technologies (KES IDT'09), hosted and organized by University of Hyogo in conjunction with KES International (Himeji, Japan, April, 2009). The symposium was concerned with theory, design, development, implementation, testing and evaluation of intelligent decision systems. Its topics included intelligent agents, fuzzy logic, multi-agent systems, artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, expert systems, intelligent decision making support systems, information retrieval systems, geographic information systems, and knowledge management systems. These technologies have the potential to support decision making in many areas of management, international business, finance, accounting, marketing, healthcare, military applications, production, networks, traffic management, crisis response, and human interfaces.

This book presents selected papers from The 1st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2019). Focusing on novel architecture theories, tools, methods, and procedures for digital design and construction in architecture, it promotes dialogs between architecture, engineer, computer science, robotics, and other relevant disciplines to establish a new way of production in the building industry in the digital age. The contents make valuable contributions to academic researchers and engineers in the industry. At the same time, it offers readers new ideas for the application of digital technology.

Practical introduction to creating and editing high quality video on the desktop. Using examples from a variety of video applications, benefit from a professional's experience, step-by-step, through a series of workshops demonstrating a wide variety of techniques. These include producing short films, multimedia and internet presentations, animated graphics and special effects.
The opportunities for the independent videomaker have never been greater - make sure you bring your understanding fully up to date with this invaluable guide.
No prior knowledge of the technology is assumed, with explanations provided in an easy to understand manner. Ken Pender provides an overview of the hardware and software needed and describes how to output completed projects to the Internet, CD-ROMs, Zip and Jaz discs and videotape.
The following software is covered:
- Realtime compression: Codecs
- Editing, including transitions and special effects: Adobe Premiere, Ulead MediaStudio, Corel Lumiere
- 2D Animation: Corel PHOTO-PAINT, Fractal Design Painter, Power Goo
- 3D Animation: Ray Dream Studio, MetaCreations Poser and Bryce 3D
- Frame stack editing: Adobe Photoshop, Fractal Design Painter
- Still image frame editing: CorelDRAW, Fractal Design Painter
- Audio creation, editing and mixing: Cool Edit, Goldwave and Multiquence
The accompanying CD-ROM provides sample software for Adobe Premiere 5.0, Cool Edit 96, Goldwave 4.02 and Multiquence 1.02. (For further information on Goldwave and Multiquence, see http: //www.goldwave.com; for information on Cool Edit, see http: //syntrillium.com.)
*Includes examples with key software packages
*CDROM contains samples ofthe software

This book presents new ways of facilitating design thinking, through the combination of cognitive design strategies and information technologies. It provides readers with an in-depth understanding of the traditional and digital design processes and activities that are employed in architecture, computational design, communication design and graphic design. The book is divided into three parts: Part I, which focuses on creativity, uses evidence derived from empirical studies to develop an understanding of the way computational environments shape design thinking and may lead to more inventive outcomes. Part II considers the cognitive dimensions of design teams, crowds and collectives. It investigates the ways digital design platforms promote interactive and collective thinking. Lastly, Part III addresses culture, examining the linguistic and cultural context of the globalised design ecosystem. Providing valuable insights into design thinking, this book helps readers engage with their local and global environments. It will appeal to academics, researchers and professionals with an interest in understanding design thinking in the context of creativity, collaboration and culture.

This book comprises select peer-reviewed papers from the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electromechanical Technologies & Management (TEMT) 2019. The focus is on current research in interdisciplinary areas of mechanical, electrical, electronics and information technologies, and their management from design to market. The book covers a wide range of topics such as computer integrated manufacturing, additive manufacturing, materials science and engineering, simulation and modelling, finite element analysis, operations and supply chain management, decision sciences, business analytics, project management, and sustainable freight transportation. The book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners of various disciplines, in particular mechanical and industrial engineering.

The two-volume set IFIP AICT 591 and 592 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International IFIP WG 5.7 Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems, APMS 2020, held in Novi Sad, Serbia, in August/September 2020.The 164 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 199 submissions. They discuss globally pressing issues in smart manufacturing, operations management, supply chain management, and Industry 4.0. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: advanced modelling, simulation and data analytics in production and supply networks; advanced, digital and smart manufacturing; digital and virtual quality management systems; cloud-manufacturing; cyber-physical production systems and digital twins; IIOT interoperability; supply chain planning and optimization; digital and smart supply chain management; intelligent logistics networks management; artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies in logistics and DSN; novel production planning and control approaches; machine learning and artificial intelligence; connected, smart factories of the future; manufacturing systems engineering: agile, flexible, reconfigurable; digital assistance systems: augmented reality and virtual reality; circular products design and engineering; circular, green, sustainable manufacturing; environmental and social lifecycle assessments; socio-cultural aspects in production systems; data-driven manufacturing and services operations management; product-service systems in DSN; and collaborative design and engineering Part II: the Operator 4.0: new physical and cognitive evolutionary paths; digital transformation approaches in production management; digital transformation for more sustainable supply chains; data-driven applications in smart manufacturing and logistics systems; data-driven services: characteristics, trends and applications; the future of lean thinking and practice; digital lean manufacturing and its emerging practices; new reconfigurable, flexible or agile production systems in the era of industry 4.0; operations management in engineer-to-order manufacturing; production management in food supply chains; gastronomic service system design; product and asset life cycle management in the circular economy; and production ramp-up strategies for product

The two-volume set IFIP AICT 591 and 592 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International IFIP WG 5.7 Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems, APMS 2020, held in Novi Sad, Serbia, in August/September 2020. The 164 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 199 submissions. They discuss globally pressing issues in smart manufacturing, operations management, supply chain management, and Industry 4.0. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: advanced modelling, simulation and data analytics in production and supply networks; advanced, digital and smart manufacturing; digital and virtual quality management systems; cloud-manufacturing; cyber-physical production systems and digital twins; IIOT interoperability; supply chain planning and optimization; digital and smart supply chain management; intelligent logistics networks management; artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies in logistics and DSN; novel production planning and control approaches; machine learning and artificial intelligence; connected, smart factories of the future; manufacturing systems engineering: agile, flexible, reconfigurable; digital assistance systems: augmented reality and virtual reality; circular products design and engineering; circular, green, sustainable manufacturing; environmental and social lifecycle assessments; socio-cultural aspects in production systems; data-driven manufacturing and services operations management; product-service systems in DSN; and collaborative design and engineering Part II: the Operator 4.0: new physical and cognitive evolutionary paths; digital transformation approaches in production management; digital transformation for more sustainable supply chains; data-driven applications in smart manufacturing and logistics systems; data-driven services: characteristics, trends and applications; the future of lean thinking and practice; digital lean manufacturing and its emerging practices; new reconfigurable, flexible or agile production systems in the era of industry 4.0; operations management in engineer-to-order manufacturing; production management in food supply chains; gastronomic service system design; product and asset life cycle management in the circular economy; and production ramp-up strategies for product

Introduction to AutoCAD 2020 addresses advances in technology and introduces students to 2-dimensional drawing skills and commands using the 2020 release of AutoCAD. Straightforward explanations focus on actual drawing procedures, and illustrations show what to expect on the computer screen. It continuously builds on concepts covered in previous chapters, contains exercises combined with in-text notes, and offers examples that provide the "how and why" of AutoCAD fundamentals. Projects are included at the end of each chapter and provide hands-on experience creating various types of mechanical, architectural, civil, and electrical drawings. This text is appropriate for introductory and intermediate AutoCAD courses. Introduces AutoCAD, drafting skills, editing techniques, working with complex objects, annotating drawings, outputting your work, advanced drawing and construction methods, and collaborating with others on the web. Pedagogy reinforces learning objectives throughout, with chapter objectives; key term definitions; command grids that concisely offer multiple ways of achieving task at hand; and discipline icons that identify the field of study throughout. "New" version icons highlight new software features quickly. Hands-on exercises appear throughout the text to reinforce learning, and end-of-chapter projects require students to demonstrate a full understanding of the concepts presented in the chapter. Introduction to AutoCAD 2020 provides students with the tools they need to develop drafting skills with AutoCAD.

Weed management Decision Support Systems (DSS) are increasingly important computer-based tools for modern agriculture. Nowadays, extensive agriculture has become highly dependent on external inputs and both economic costs, as well the negative environmental impact of agricultural activities, demands knowledge-based technology for the optimization and protection of non-renewable resources. In this context, weed management strategies should aim to maximize economic profit by preserving and enhancing agricultural systems. Although previous contributions focusing on weed biology and weed management provide valuable insight on many aspects of weed species ecology and practical guides for weed control, no attempts have been made to highlight the forthcoming importance of DSS in weed management. This book is a first attempt to integrate `concepts and practice' providing a novel guide to the state-of-art of DSS and the future prospects which hopefully would be of interest to higher-level students, academics and professionals in related areas.

Recent Trends in Computer-aided Diagnostic Systems for Skin Diseases: Theory, Implementation, and Analysis provides comprehensive coverage on the development of computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems employing image processing and machine learning tools for improved, uniform evaluation and diagnosis (avoiding subjective judgment) of skin disorders. The methods and tools are described in a general way so that these tools can be applied not only for skin diseases but also for a wide range of analogous problems in the domain of biomedical systems. Moreover, quantification of clinically relevant information that can associate the findings of physicians/experts is the most challenging task of any CAD system. This book gives all the details in a step-by-step form for different modules so that the readers can develop each of the modules like preprocessing, feature extraction/learning, disease classification, as well as an entire expert diagnosis system themselves for their own applications.

Design is believed to be one of the most interesting and challenging problem-solving activities ever facing artificial intelligence (AI) researchers. Knowledge-based systems using rule-based and model-based reasoning techniques have been applied to build design automation and/or design decision support systems. Although such systems have met with some success, difficulties have been encountered in terms of formalizing such generalized design experiences as rules, logic, and domain models. Recently, researchers have been exploring the idea of using case-based reasoning (CBR) techniques to complement or replace other approaches to design support.
CBR can be considered as an alternative to paradigms such as rule-based and model-based reasoning. Rule-based expert systems capture knowledge in the form of if-then rules which are usually identified by a domain expert. Model-based reasoning aims at formulating knowledge in the form of principles to cover the various aspects of a problem domain. These principles, which are more general than if-then rules, comprise a model which an expert system may use to solve problems. Model-based reasoning (MBR) is sometimes called reasoning from first principles. Instead of generalizing knowledge into rules or models, CBR is an experience-based method. Thus, specific cases, corresponding to prior problem-solving experiences, comprise the main knowledge sources in a CBR system.
This volume includes a collection of chapters that describe specific projects in which case-based reasoning is the focus for the representation and reasoning in a particular design domain. The chapters provide a broad spectrum of applications and issues in applying and extending the concept of CBR to design. Each chapter provides its own introduction to CBR concepts and principles.