This unique text/reference presents a thorough introduction to the field of structural pattern recognition, with a particular focus on graph edit distance (GED). The book also provides a detailed review of a diverse selection of novel methods related to GED, and concludes by suggesting possible avenues for future research. Topics and features: formally introduces the concept of GED, and highlights the basic properties of this graph matching paradigm; describes a reformulation of GED to a quadratic assignment problem; illustrates how the quadratic assignment problem of GED can be reduced to a linear sum assignment problem; reviews strategies for reducing both the overestimation of the true edit distance and the matching time in the approximation framework; examines the improvement demonstrated by the described algorithmic framework with respect to the distance accuracy and the matching time; includes appendices listing the datasets employed for the experimental evaluations discussed in the book.

This book presents a unique guide to heritage preservation problems and the corresponding state-of-the-art digital techniques to achieve their plausible solutions. It covers various methods, ranging from data acquisition and digital imaging to computational methods for reconstructing the original (pre-damaged) appearance of heritage artefacts.The case studies presented here are mostly drawn from India's tangible and non-tangible heritage, which is very rich and multi-dimensional. The contributing authors have been working in their respective fields for years and present their methods so lucidly that they can be easily reproduced and implemented by general practitioners of heritage curation. The preservation methods, reconstruction methods, and corresponding results are all illustrated with a wealth of colour figures and images.The book consists of sixteen chapters that are divided into five broad sections, namely (i) Digital System for Heritage Preservation, (ii) Signal and Image Processing, (iii) Audio and Video Processing, (iv) Image and Video Database, and (v) Architectural Modelling and Visualization. The first section presents various state-of-the-art tools and technologies for data acquisition including an interactive graphical user interface (GUI) annotation tool and a specialized imaging system for generating the realistic visual forms of the artefacts. Numerous useful methods and algorithms for processing vocal, visual and tactile signals related to heritage preservation are presented in the second and third sections. In turn, the fourth section provides two important image and video databases, catering to members of the computer vision community with an interest in the domain of digital heritage. Finally, examples of reconstructing ruined monuments on the basis of historic documents are presented in the fifth section. In essence, this book offers a pragmatic appraisal of the uses of digital technology in the various aspects of preservation of tangible and intangible heritages.

This book presents contributions in the field of computational intelligence for the purpose of image analysis. The chapters discuss how problems such as image segmentation, edge detection, face recognition, feature extraction, and image contrast enhancement can be solved using techniques such as genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization. The contributions provide a multidimensional approach, and the book will be useful for researchers in computer science, electrical engineering, and information technology.

Learn how computer vision works, how augmented reality renders digital graphics into the physical world via an iPhone's camera, and how to incorporate these technologies into your own apps. This book shows you how to take full advantage of computer vision technologies. Interacting with other people online usually involves user-generated images and videos; whether it be "memes", short videos, or heavily-modified images. Before smart phones, generating this content required a professional using high-level image and video editing software. Not any more. This book will teach you to use computer vision in the most popular ways, such as for facial recognition, image to text analysis and, of course, recording a video of a dancing hot dog in your living room. Starting with the history of computer vision, image and video processing fundamentals, and an introduction to developing augmented reality applications, you'll learn to incorporate computer vision both in the content you create and the apps you develop for end users. Computer Vision and Augmented Reality in iOS reveals how every user with access to the Internet and a smart phone can easily generate heavily-modified images and videos. What You'll Learn Incorporate mathematics related to computer vision into your apps Host computer vision models remotely for mobile use Implement visual-inertial state estimation algorithms for mobile augmented reality Who This Book Is For Professionals or post graduate students in software development or engineering who have a basic understanding of how software development works and are interested in implementing computer vision into their development. It's recommended that readers already have a working knowledge of C++ and Swift.

This book presents the state-of-the-art in face detection and analysis. It outlines new research directions, including in particular psychology-based facial dynamics recognition, aimed at various applications such as behavior analysis, deception detection, and diagnosis of various psychological disorders. Topics of interest include face and facial landmark detection, face recognition, facial expression and emotion analysis, facial dynamics analysis, face classification, identification, and clustering, and gaze direction and head pose estimation, as well as applications of face analysis.

Flow of ions through voltage gated channels can be represented theoretically using stochastic differential equations where the gating mechanism is represented by a Markov model. The flow through a channel can be manipulated using various drugs, and the effect of a given drug can be reflected by changing the Markov model. These lecture notes provide an accessible introduction to the mathematical methods needed to deal with these models. They emphasize the use of numerical methods and provide sufficient details for the reader to implement the models and thereby study the effect of various drugs. Examples in the text include stochastic calcium release from internal storage systems in cells, as well as stochastic models of the transmembrane potential. Well known Markov models are studied and a systematic approach to including the effect of mutations is presented. Lastly, the book shows how to derive the optimal properties of a theoretical model of a drug for a given mutation defined in terms of a Markov model.

This book provides readers with a selection of high-quality chapters that cover both theoretical concepts and practical applications of image feature detectors and descriptors. It serves as reference for researchers and practitioners by featuring survey chapters and research contributions on image feature detectors and descriptors. Additionally, it emphasizes several keywords in both theoretical and practical aspects of image feature extraction. The keywords include acceleration of feature detection and extraction, hardware implantations, image segmentation, evolutionary algorithm, ordinal measures, as well as visual speech recognition.

The book includes extended versions of selected papers discussed and presented at the 5th International Doctoral Symposium on Applied Computation and Security Systems (ACSS 2018) held in Kolkata, India on February 9-11, 2018. The symposium was organized by the University of Calcutta's Department of Computer Science & Engineering and A. K. Choudhury School of Information Technology, and the International partners were Ca Foscari University of Venice, Italy and Bialystok University of Technology, Poland. Reflect the symposium's sessions, the book discusses topics such as biometrics, image processing, pattern recognition, algorithms, cloud computing, wireless sensor networks and security systems.

This book focuses on how machine learning techniques can be used to analyze and make use of one particular category of behavioral biometrics known as the gait biometric. A comprehensive Ground Reaction Force (GRF)-based Gait Biometrics Recognition framework is proposed and validated by experiments. In addition, an in-depth analysis of existing recognition techniques that are best suited for performing footstep GRF-based person recognition is also proposed, as well as a comparison of feature extractors, normalizers, and classifiers configurations that were never directly compared with one another in any previous GRF recognition research. Finally, a detailed theoretical overview of many existing machine learning techniques is presented, leading to a proposal of two novel data processing techniques developed specifically for the purpose of gait biometric recognition using GRF. This book * introduces novel machine-learning-based temporal normalization techniques * bridges research gaps concerning the effect of footwear and stepping speed on footstep GRF-based person recognition * provides detailed discussions of key research challenges and open research issues in gait biometrics recognition* compares biometrics systems trained and tested with the same footwear against those trained and tested with different footwear

This book constitutes the proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Intelligent Computing Systems, ISICS 2018, held in Merida, Mexico, in March 2018. The 12 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 28 submissions. They deal with the field of intelligent computing systems focusing on artificial intelligence, computer vision and image processing.

This book is a valuable resource to deeply understand the technology used in 3D cameras. In this book, the authors summarize and compare the specifications of the main 3D cameras available in the mass market. The authors present a deep metrological analysis of the main camera based on the three main technologies: Time-of-Flight, Structured-Light and Active Stereoscopy, and provide qualitative results for any user to understand the underlying technology within 3D camera, as well as practical guidance on how to get the most of them for a given application.

This book presents revised selected papers from the 14th International Forum on Digital TV and Wireless Multimedia Communication, IFTC 2017, held in Shanghai, China, in November 2017. The 46 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 122 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: image processing; machine learning; quality assessment; social media; telecommunications; video surveillance; virtual reality; computer vision; and image compression.

This book constitutes the refereed joint proceedings of the First International Workshop on Machine Learning in Clinical Neuroimaging, MLCN 2018, the First International Workshop on Deep Learning Fails, DLF 2018, and the First International Workshop on Interpretability of Machine Intelligence in Medical Image Computing, iMIMIC 2018, held in conjunction with the 21st International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2018, in Granada, Spain, in September 2018. The 4 full MLCN papers, the 6 full DLF papers, and the 6 full iMIMIC papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected. The MLCN contributions develop state-of-the-art machine learning methods such as spatio-temporal Gaussian process analysis, stochastic variational inference, and deep learning for applications in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and multi-site neuroimaging data analysis; the DLF papers evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of DL and identify the main challenges in the current state of the art and future directions; the iMIMIC papers cover a large range of topics in the field of interpretability of machine learning in the context of medical image analysis.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality, EuroVR 2017, held in Laval, France, in December 2017. The 10 full papers and 2 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 36 submissions. The papers are organized in four topical sections: interaction models and user studies, visual and haptic real-time rendering, perception and cognition, and rehabilitation and safety.

The sixteen-volume set comprising the LNCS volumes 11205-11220 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2018, held in Munich, Germany, in September 2018.The 776 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 2439 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on learning for vision; computational photography; human analysis; human sensing; stereo and reconstruction; optimization; matching and recognition; video attention; and poster sessions.

The sixteen-volume set comprising the LNCS volumes 11205-11220 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2018, held in Munich, Germany, in September 2018.The 776 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 2439 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on learning for vision; computational photography; human analysis; human sensing; stereo and reconstruction; optimization; matching and recognition; video attention; and poster sessions.

The three-volume set CCIS 850, CCIS 851, and CCIS 852 contains the extended abstracts of the posters presented during the 20th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCI 2018, which took place in Las Vegas, Nevada, in July 2018. The total of 1171 papers and 160 posters included in the 30 HCII 2018 proceedings volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 4346 submissions. The 207 papers presented in these three volumes are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: interaction and information; images and visualizations; design, usability and user experience; psychological, cognitive and neurocognitive issues in HCI; social media and analytics. Part II: design for all, assistive and rehabilitation technologies; aging and HCI; virtual and augmented reality; emotions, anxiety, stress and well-being. Part III: learning and interaction; interacting with cultural heritage; HCI in commerce and business; interacting and driving; smart cities and smart environments.

This book provides a survey of the state-of-the-art in the practical implementation of Spoken Dialog Systems for applications in everyday settings. It includes contributions on key topics in situated dialog interaction from a number of leading researchers and offers a broad spectrum of perspectives on research and development in the area. In particular, it presents applications in robotics, knowledge access and communication and covers the following topics: dialog for interacting with robots; language understanding and generation; dialog architectures and modeling; core technologies; and the analysis of human discourse and interaction. The contributions are adapted and expanded contributions from the 2014 International Workshop on Spoken Dialog Systems (IWSDS 2014), where researchers and developers from industry and academia alike met to discuss and compare their implementation experiences, analyses and empirical findings.

The SpringerBrief covers fundamentals of digital image processing including image concept, image file formats, creating user interfaces and many practical examples of processing images using C++ and Java. These practical examples include among other creating image histograms, performing lossless image compression, detecting change in colors, similarity-based image retrieval and others. All practical examples are accompanied with an explanation how to create programs and the obtained results. This SpringerBrief can be very useful for the undergraduate courses on image processing, providing students with the basic tools in image analysis and processing. Practitioners and researchers working in this field will also find this research useful.

This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Multimedia Communications, Services and Security, MCSS 2017, held in Krakow, Poland, in November 2017. The 16 full papers included in the volume were selected from 38 submissions. The papers cover ongoing research activities in the following topics: multimedia services; intelligent monitoring; audio-visual systems; biometric applications; experiments and deployments.

The first compendium on robotic art of its kind, this book explores the integration of robots into human society and our attitudes, fears and hopes in a world shared with autonomous machines. It raises questions about the benefits, risks and ethics of the transformative changes to society that are the consequence of robots taking on new roles alongside humans. It takes the reader on a journey into the world of the strange, the beautiful, the uncanny and the daring - and into the minds and works of some of the world's most prolific creators of robotic art. Offering an in-depth look at robotic art from the viewpoints of artists, engineers and scientists, it presents outstanding works of contemporary robotic art and brings together for the first time some of the most influential artists in this area in the last three decades. Starting from a historical review, this transdisciplinary work explores the nexus between robotic research and the arts and examines the diversity of robotic art, the encounter with robotic otherness, machine embodiment and human-robot interaction. Stories of difficulties, pitfalls and successes are recalled, characterising the multifaceted collaborations across the diverse disciplines required to create robotic art. Although the book is primarily targeted towards researchers, artists and students in robotics, computer science and the arts, its accessible style appeals to anyone intrigued by robots and the arts.

This volume comprises a selection of works presented at the Numerical and Evolutionary Optimization (NEO) workshop held in September 2015 in Tijuana, Mexico. The development of powerful search and optimization techniques is of great importance in today's world that requires researchers and practitioners to tackle a growing number of challenging real-world problems. In particular, there are two well-established and widely known fields that are commonly applied in this area: (i) traditional numerical optimization techniques and (ii) comparatively recent bio-inspired heuristics. Both paradigms have their unique strengths and weaknesses, allowing them to solve some challenging problems while still failing in others. The goal of the NEO workshop series is to bring together people from these and related fields to discuss, compare and merge their complimentary perspectives in order to develop fast and reliable hybrid methods that maximize the strengths and minimize the weaknesses of the underlying paradigms. Through this effort, we believe that the NEO can promote the development of new techniques that are applicable to a broader class of problems. Moreover, NEO fosters the understanding and adequate treatment of real-world problems particularly in emerging fields that affect us all such as health care, smart cities, big data, among many others. The extended papers the NEO 2015 that comprise this book make a contribution to this goal.

This book provides a unique view of human activity recognition, especially fine-grained human activity structure learning, human-interaction recognition, RGB-D data based action recognition, temporal decomposition, and causality learning in unconstrained human activity videos. The techniques discussed give readers tools that provide a significant improvement over existing methodologies of video content understanding by taking advantage of activity recognition. It links multiple popular research fields in computer vision, machine learning, human-centered computing, human-computer interaction, image classification, and pattern recognition. In addition, the book includes several key chapters covering multiple emerging topics in the field. Contributed by top experts and practitioners, the chapters present key topics from different angles and blend both methodology and application, composing a solid overview of the human activity recognition techniques.

This textbook offers a statistical view on the geometry of multiple view analysis, required for camera calibration and orientation and for geometric scene reconstruction based on geometric image features. The authors have backgrounds in geodesy and also long experience with development and research in computer vision, and this is the first book to present a joint approach from the converging fields of photogrammetry and computer vision. Part I of the book provides an introduction to estimation theory, covering aspects such as Bayesian estimation, variance components, and sequential estimation, with a focus on the statistically sound diagnostics of estimation results essential in vision metrology. Part II provides tools for 2D and 3D geometric reasoning using projective geometry. This includes oriented projective geometry and tools for statistically optimal estimation and test of geometric entities and transformations and their rela tions, tools that are useful also in the context of uncertain reasoning in point clouds. Part III is de voted to modelling the geometry of single and multiple cameras, addressing calibration and orienta tion, including statistical evaluation and reconstruction of corresponding scene features and surfaces based on geometric image features. The authors provide algorithms for various geometric computa tion problems in vision metrology, together with mathematical justifications and statistical analysis, thus enabling thorough evaluations. The chapters are self-contained with numerous figures and exer cises, and they are supported by an appendix that explains the basic mathematical notation and a de tailed index. The book can serve as the basis for undergraduate and graduate courses in photogrammetry, com puter vision, and computer graphics. It is also appropriate for researchers, engineers, and software developers in the photogrammetry and GIS industries, particularly those engaged with statistically based geometric computer vision methods.