This title features 11 new chapters unique to this edition, including chapters on grain boundaries in graphene, 2D metal carbides and carbonitrides, mechanics of carbon nanotubes and nanomaterials, biomedical applications, oxidation and purification of carbon nanostructures, sintering of nanoceramics, hydrothermal processing, nanofibers, and nanomaterials safety. It offers a comprehensive approach with a focus on inorganic and carbon-based nanomaterials, including fundamentals, applications, synthesis, and characterization. This book also provides a unique angle from the nanomaterial point of view on application, synthesis, and characterization not found in any other nanomaterials book on the market.

The book is devoted to nanostructures and nanostructured materials containing both amorphous and crystalline phases with a particular focus on their thermal properties. It is the first time that theoreticians and experimentalists from different domains gathered to treat this subject. It contains two distinct parts; the first combines theory and simulations methods with specific examples, while the second part discusses methods to fabricate nanomaterials with crystalline and amorphous phases and experimental techniques to measure the thermal conductivity of such materials. Physical insights are given in the first part of the book, related with the existing theoretical models and the state of art simulations methods (molecular dynamics, ab-initio simulations, kinetic theory of gases). In the second part, engineering advances in the nanofabrication of crystalline/amorphous heterostructures (heavy ion irradiation, electrochemical etching, aging/recrystallization, ball milling, PVD, laser crystallization and magnetron sputtering) and adequate experimental measurement methods are analyzed (Scanning Thermal Microscopy, Raman, thermal wave methods and x-rays neutrons spectroscopy).

Since the publication of the first edition of Spin-Wave Confinement, the magnetic community's interest in dynamic excitations in magnetic systems of reduced dimensions has been increasing. Although the concept of spin waves and their quanta (magnons) as propagating excitation of magnetic media was introduced more than 80 years ago, this field has been repeatedly bringing us fascinating new physical phenomena. The successful development of magnonics as an emerging subfield of spintronics, which considers confined spin waves as a basis for smaller, faster, more robust, and more power-efficient electronic devices, inevitably demands reduction in the sizes and dimensions of the magnetic systems being studied. The unique features of magnons, including the possibility of carrying spin information over relatively long distances, the possibility of achieving submicrometer wavelength at microwave frequencies, and controllability by electronic signal via magnetic fields, make magnonic devices distinctively suited for implementation of novel integrated electronic schemes characterized by high speed, low power consumption, and extended functionalities. Edited by S. O. Demokritov, a prominent magnonics researcher who has successfully collected the results of cutting-edge research by almost all main players in the field, this book is for everyone involved in nanotechnology, spintronics, magnonics, and nanomagnetism.

The MOCVD Challenge: Volume 2, A Survey of GaInAsP-GaAs for Photonic and Electronic Device Applications focuses on GaAs systems and devices grown by MOCVD, specifically MOCVD growth of GaAs and related alloys and GaInP for photonic and electronic applications. Along with Volume 1, this book provides a personal account of the author's own pioneering research, an authoritative overview of the development of the MOCVD technique, and the technique's impact on the development of new materials, devices, and their applications.
Coverage begins with an introduction to III-V compounds and devices and growth techniques for multilayers and heterostructures. The book then details how an MOCVD system works and how design affects material growth and sourcing of precursor materials. It also examines DEGREESIin- and DEGREESIex-situ growth techniques, with the differential reflectivity treatment applied to lattice matched and mis-matched conditions. The author gives an in-depth treatment of the GaInPGaAs system, including optical investigations of quantum wells and superlattices. The book concludes with an up-to-date discussion of the current use, novel developments, and future potential for optical devices, GaAs-based lasers and heterojunctions, and optoelectronic integrated circuits.
The MOCVD Challenge is an invaluable introduction and guide for researchers in materials science, applied physics, and electrical engineering, who study the properties and applications of compound (III-V) semiconductor materials.

Professor Manijeh Razeghi is director of the Center for Quantum Devices at Northwestern University and leads an internationally renowned research team exploring the use of the MOCVD growth technique. Formerly head of research at Thomson-CSF in France, she was awarded the IBM Europe Science and Technology Prize for her early research into MOCVD.

Narrow Gap Semiconductors 1995 contains the invited and contributed papers presented at the Seventh International Conference on Narrow Gap Semiconductors, held in January 1995. The invited review papers provide an overview and the contributed papers provide in-depth coverage of research results across the whole field.

Physics World's 'Book of the Year' for 2016 An Entertaining and Enlightening Guide to the Who, What, and Why of String Theory, now also available in an updated reflowable electronic format compatible with mobile devices and e-readers. During the last 50 years, numerous physicists have tried to unravel the secrets of string theory. Yet why do these scientists work on a theory lacking experimental confirmation? Why String Theory? provides the answer, offering a highly readable and accessible panorama of the who, what, and why of this large aspect of modern theoretical physics. The author, a theoretical physics professor at the University of Oxford and a leading string theorist, explains what string theory is and where it originated. He describes how string theory fits into physics and why so many physicists and mathematicians find it appealing when working on topics from M-theory to monsters and from cosmology to superconductors.

At the Root of Things: The Subatomic World is a journey into the world of elementary particles the basic constituents of all matter in the universe and the nature of the interactions among them. The book begins with a summary of pre-quantum physics and later tackles quantum physics, which is essential for the study of elementary particles. The book discusses the emergence of quantum theory from studies in heat radiation and the photoelectric effect as well as developments that led to the concept of duality between particles and waves. Also discussed is how quantum theory helped to better understand the structure of atoms and the discovery of particles that were not constituents of atoms, such as the positron and the muon. Dozens of particles that were discovered experimentally in the 1950s and the 1960s are described along with fundamental particles quarks and leptons. The book concludes with a discussion on fundamental interactions, the basic nature of quantum theories surrounding these interactions, and a discussion of how these interactions might be unified. At the Root of Things: The Subatomic World is written in non-technical language making it accessible to a broad audience. It helps outsiders understand the subject in a non-mathematical manner and inspires them to learn more about this interesting field.

Understand the Physics of the Solid StateUpdated and expanded with new topics, The Materials Physics Companion, 2nd Edition puts the physics of the solid state within the reach of students by offering an easy-to-navigate pathway from basic knowledge through to advanced concepts. This edition illustrates how electrical and magnetic properties of matter arise from the basic principles of quantum mechanics in a way that is accessible to science and engineering students. A Convenient, Student-Friendly Format Rich with Diagrams and Clear ExplanationsThe book uses the unique signature style of the author's other companion books, providing detailed graphics, simple and clear explanations of difficult concepts, and annotated mathematical treatments. It covers quantum mechanics, x-ray analysis, solid-state physics, the mechanical and thermal properties of solids, the electrical and magnetic properties of solids, and superconductivity, assuming no prior knowledge of these advanced areas. Suitable for undergraduate students in science and engineering, the book is also a handy refresher for professional scientists and educators. Be sure to check out the author's other companion books: The Mathematics Companion: Mathematical Methods for Physicists and Engineers, 2nd Edition The Physics Companion, 2nd Edition The Electronics Companion: Devices and Circuits for Physicists and Engineers, 2nd Edition The Chemistry Companion

Covering colloids, polymers, surfactant phases, emulsions, and granular media, Soft and Fragile Matter: Nonequilibrium Dynamics, Metastability and Flow (PBK) provides self-contained and pedagogical coverage of the rapidly advancing field of systems driven out of equilibrium, with a strong emphasis on unifying conceptual principles rather than material-specific details. Written by internationally recognized experts, the book contains introductions at the level of a graduate course in soft condensed matter and statistical physics to the following areas: experimental techniques, polymers, rheology, colloids, computer simulation, surfactants, phase separation kinetics, driven systems, structural glasses, slow dynamics, and granular materials. These topics lead to a range of exciting applications at the forefront of current research, including microplasticity of emulsions, sequence design of copolymers, branched polymer dynamics, nucleation kinetics in colloids, multiscale modeling, flow-induced surfactant textures, fluid demixing under shear, two-time correlation functions, chaotic sedimentation dynamics, and sound propagation in powders. Balancing theory, simulation, and experiment, this broadly-based, pedagogical account of a rapidly developing field is an excellent compendium for graduate students and researchers in condensed matter physics, materials science, and physical chemistry.

Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory focuses on the cosmological implications of the gauge theories of particle physics and of string theory. The book first examines the universe's series of phase transitions in which the successive gauge symmetries of the higher-temperature phase were spontaneously broken after the big bang, discussing relics of these phase transitions, more generic relics (baryons, neutrinos, axions), and supersymmetric particles (neutralinos and gravitinos). The author next studies supersymmetric theory, supergravity theory, and the constraints on the underlying field theory of the universe's inflationary era. The book concludes with a discussion of black hole solutions of the supergravity theory that approximates string theory at low energies and the insight that string theory affords into the microscopic origin of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory provides a modern introduction to these important problems from a particle physicist's perspective. It is intended as an introductory textbook for a first course on the subject at a graduate level.

Written by eminent researchers in the field, this text describes the theory of superconductivity and superfluidity starting from liquid helium and a charged Bose-gas. It also discusses the modern bipolaron theory of strongly coupled superconductors, which explains the basic physical properties of high-temperature superconductors. This book will be of interest to fourth year graduate and postgraduate students, specialist libraries, information centres and chemists working in high-temperature superconductivity.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203211499

A monograph on inflationary cosmology and cosmological phase transitions, investigating modern cosmology's relationship to elementary particle physics. This work also includes a non-technical discussion of inflationary cosmology for those unfamiliar with the theory.

The M.I.T. Introductory Physics Series is the result of a program of careful study, planning, and development that began in 1960. The Education Research Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (formerly the Science Teaching Center) was established to study the process of instruction, aids thereto, and the learning process itself, with special reference to science teaching at the university level. Generous support from a number of foundations provided the means for assembling and maintaining an experienced staff to co-operate with members of the Institute's Physics Department in the examination, improvement, and development of physics curriculum materials for students planning careers in the sciences. After careful analysis of objectives and the problems involved, preliminary versions of textbooks were prepared, tested through classroom use at M.I.T. and other institutions, re-evaluated, rewritten, and tried again. Only then were the final manuscripts undertaken.

The reader is holding the second volume of a three-volume textbook on sol- state physics. This book is the outgrowth of the courses I have taught for many years at Eoetvoes University, Budapest, for undergraduate and graduate students under the titles Solid-State Physics and Modern Solid-State Physics. The main motivation for the publication of my lecture notes as a book was that none of the truly numerous textbooks covered all those areas that I felt should be included in a multi-semester course. Especially, if the course strives to present solid-state physics in a uni?ed structure, and aims at d- cussing not only classic chapters of the subject matter but also (in more or less detail) problems that are of great interest for today's researcher as well. Besides, the book presents a much larger material than what can be covered in a two- or three-semester course. In the ?rst part of the ?rst volume the analysis of crystal symmetries and structure goes into details that certainly cannot be included in a usual course on solid-state physics. The same applies, among others, to the discussion of the methods used in the determination of band structure, the properties of Fermi liquids and non-Fermi liquids, and the theory of unconventional superconductors in the present and third volumes. These parts can be assigned as supplementary reading for interested students, or can be discussed in advanced courses.

Unravels Complex Problems through Quantum Monte Carlo Methods Clusters hold the key to our understanding of intermolecular forces and how these affect the physical properties of bulk condensed matter. They can be found in a multitude of important applications, including novel fuel materials, atmospheric chemistry, semiconductors, nanotechnology, and computational biology. Focusing on the class of weakly bound substances known as van derWaals clusters or complexes, Stochastic Simulations of Clusters: Quantum Methods in Flat and Curved Spaces presents advanced quantum simulation techniques for condensed matter. The book develops finite temperature statistical simulation tools and real-time algorithms for the exact solution of the Schroedinger equation. It draws on potential energy models to gain insight into the behavior of minima and transition states. Using Monte Carlo methods as well as ground state variational and diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) simulations, the author explains how to obtain temperature and quantum effects. He also shows how the path integral approach enables the study of quantum effects at finite temperatures. To overcome timescale problems, this book supplies efficient and accurate methods, such as diagonalization techniques, differential geometry, the path integral method in statistical mechanics, and the DMC approach. Gleaning valuable information from recent research in this area, it presents special techniques for accelerating the convergence of quantum Monte Carlo methods.

The spectroscopy of highly charged ions plays a key role in numerous areas of physics, from quantum electrodynamics (QED) and parity nonconservation (PNC) testing to fusion and plasma physics to x-ray astronomy. Handbook for Highly Charged Ion Spectroscopic Research brings together many of the techniques and ideas needed to carry out state-of-the-art research in this field. The first part of the book presents techniques of light/ion sources, spectrometers, and detectors. It also covers coincidence techniques and examines how atomic properties change along an isoelectronic sequence. The second part focuses on atomic structure and applications. In addition, it discusses theoretical ideas, such as QED and PNC, that are significant in precise spectroscopic studies of highly charged ions. Extensive references are included at the end of each chapter. With the latest developments in fusion and x-ray astronomy research relying heavily on high-quality atomic data, the need for precise, up-to-date spectroscopic techniques is as vital now as it has ever been. This timely handbook explores how these spectroscopic methods for highly charged ions are used in various areas of physics.

Many of us have been fascinated as children by soap bubbles and soap films. Their shapes and colours are beautiful and they are great fun to pay with. With no les intensity, scientists and mathematicians have been interested in the properties of bubbles and films throughout scientific history.
In this book David Lovett describes the properties of soap films and soap bubbles. He then uses their properties to illustrate and elucidate a wide range of physical principles and scientific phenomena in a way that unifies different concepts. The book will appeal not only to students and teachers at school and university but also to readers with a general scientific interest and to researchers studying soap films.
For the most part simple school mathematics is used. Sections containing more advanced mathematics have been placed in boxes or appendices and can be omitted by readers without the appropriate mathematical background.
The text is supported with
* Over 100 diagrams and photgraphs.
* Details of practical experiments that can be performed using simple household materials.
* Computer programs that draw some of the more complicated figures or animate sequences of soap film configurations.
* A bibliography for readers wishing to delve further into the subject.
David Lovett is a lecturer in physics at the University of Essex. His research interests include Langmiur-Blodgett thin films and the use of models as teaching aids in physics. He has been interested in soap films since 1978 and has made a number of original contributions to the subject, particularly in the use of models which change their dimensions and their analogy with phase transitions. He has published three other books including ITensor Properties of Crystals (Institute of Physics Publishing 1989).
John Tilley is also a lecturer in physics at the University of Essex with research interests in theoretical solid-state physics and soap films. He is coauthor of Superfluidity and Superconductivity (Institute of Physics Publishing, 3rd edition, 1990).

One of the first books to cover advanced silicon-based technologies, Advanced Silicon and Semiconducting Silicon Alloy-Based Materials and Devices presents important directions for research into silicon, its alloy-based semiconducting devices, and its development in commercial applications. The first section deals with single/mono crystalline silicon, focusing on the effects of heavy doping; the structure and electronic properties of defects and their impact on devices; the MBE of silicon, silicon alloys, and metals; CVD techniques for silicon and silicon germanium; the material properties of silicon germanium strained layers; silicon germanium heterojunction bipolar applications; FETs, IR detectors, and resonant tunneling devices in silicon, silicon germanium, and d-doped silicon; and the fascinating properties of crystalline silicon carbide and its applications. The second section explores polycrystalline silicon. It examines large grain polysilicon substrates for solar cells; the properties, analysis, and modeling of polysilicon TFTs; the technology of polysilicon TFTs in LCD displays; and the use of polycrystalline silicon and its alloys in VLSI applications. With contributors from leading academic and industrial research centers, this book provides wide coverage of fabrication techniques, material properties, and device applications.

This reference examines the tremendous benefits produced by the use of superconductivity, including the realization of a commercial fusion reactor for the generation of electricity. Providing a comprehensive coverage of superconductivity and magnet design - incorporating background information for beginners as well as research advances for specialists - this work: discusses the historical development of superconductivity and its engineering applications; explains the mechanical properties of the metal matrix composite; describes the important electromagnetic factors for the design of composite superconductors; analyzes the fabrication and optimization of various composite superconductors; and assesses the future development of high Tc oxide superconductors for engineering applicaitons.;This title is intended for: physicists; metallurgists; materials scientists; materials, electrical, mechanical, cryogenic and medical engineers; and graduate students in these disciplines.

Offers information on various chemical, physical and material aspects of thallium-based high-temperature superconductors, and covers their applications. This work provides data on the chemistry, solid-state chemistry, handling and safety requirements of thallium.

"A pedagogical gem.... Professor Readey replaces 'black-box' explanations with detailed, insightful derivations. A wealth of practical application examples and exercise problems complement the exhaustive coverage of kinetics for all material classes." -Prof. Rainer Hebert, University of Connecticut "Prof. Readey gives a grand tour of the kinetics of materials suitable for experimentalists and modellers.... In an easy-to-read and entertaining style, this book leads the reader to fundamental, model-based understanding of kinetic processes critical to development, fabrication and application of commercially-important soft (polymers, biomaterials), hard (ceramics, metals) and composite materials. It is a must-have for anyone who really wants to understand how to make materials and how they will behave in service." --Prof. Bill Lee, Imperial College London, Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering "A much needed text filing the gap between an introductory course in materials science and advanced materials-specific kinetics courses. Ideal for the undergraduate interested in an in-depth study of kinetics in materials." -Prof. Mark E. Eberhart, Colorado School of Mines This book provides an in-depth introduction to the most important kinetic concepts in materials science, engineering, and processing. All types of materials are addressed, including metals, ceramics, polymers, electronic materials, biomaterials, and composites. The expert author with decades of teaching and practical experience gives a lively and accessible overview, explaining the principles that determine how long it takes to change material properties and make new and better materials. The chapters cover a broad range of topics extending from the heat treatment of steels, the processing of silicon integrated microchips, and the production of cement, to the movement of drugs through the human body. The author explicitly avoids "black box" equations, providing derivations with clear explanations.

This is an English translation of a Chinese textbook that has been designated a national planned university textbook, the highest award given to scientific textbooks in China. The book provides a complete overview of mechanical properties and fracture mechanics in materials science, mechanics, and physics. It details the macro- and micro-mechanical properties of metal structural materials, nonmetal structural materials, and various functional materials. It also discusses the macro and micro failure mechanism under different loadings and contains research results on thin film mechanics, smart material mechanics, and more.

This is a story about sand and how science and silicon changed our lives. Over the last century, science taught us how to take this most common material and create the products on which we depend. It allows us to determine the atomic structure of materials and to grow novel, new materials atomic layer by atomic layer. The principles of thermodynamics are used to transform sand into ultra pure silicon. Quantum mechanics gave birth to the electronic age and the computer chip in which dopants are precisely placed in ultra pure silicon. The absorption and emission and reflection of quanta of light, photons, underlies solar cells, light emitting diodes, radiation detectors and optical fibers. This book follows the history of these scientific discoveries and relates them to the products made from sand.

Quantitative Microbeam Analysis provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of quantitative microbeam analysis (MQA). MQA is a technique used to analyze subatomic quantities of materials blasted from a surface by a laser or particle beam, providing information on the structure and composition of the material. Contributed to by international experts, the book is unique in the breadth of microbeam analytical techniques covered. For each technique, it develops the theoretical background, discusses practical details relating to choice of equipment, and describes the current advances. The book highlights developments relating to Auger electron spectroscopy in scanning electron microscopes and transmission electron microscopes and advances in surface analytical imaging and accelerated ion beam-surface interactions.