With detailed contributions and research from experts in the physiology of normal acid-base homeostasis and the management of acid-base disorders, this reference supplies an abundance of information on acid-base physiology, disorders of acid-base equilibrium, and the management and treatment of these disorders in clinical practice. A unique and timely source, this guide provides a large number of tables, references, and figures to illustrate the relationship between the underlying physiology and diagnosis of acid-base disorders.

This updated book continues the ABCDE chapter format from the second edition, incorporating an escalating level of diagnostic and management complexity and a concise bibliography in each chapter. It remains demarcated into two sections: the first (e.g. ABCDE chapters) equips surgical trainees in managing non-ICU-based patients, whilst the second provides a basic introduction to ICU care. The chapters introduce standard definitions, pathological processes, diagnostic features and common management plans. These are based on a range of updated recommended guidelines from NICE and SIGN and common ALS principles in critical care patients, as well as current ATLS (R) and CCrISP (R) standards. The most common causes of systemic complications in surgical patients are explained, e.g. updated sections on sepsis and major haemorrhage protocols, to name but a few. A must-have revision guide for all surgical trainees, from final-year medical students through to junior surgical registrars.

Die richtige Lagerung des Patienten ist im Rahmen der Operationsvorbereitung ein ganz entscheidender Faktor, der nicht zuletzt auch fur den Erfolg einer Operation verantwortlich ist. Lagerungsschaden - Folgen einer falschen Lagerung - fuhren nicht selten zu Regressanspruchen und Arzthaftungsprozessen. In diesem Buch beschreibt ein erfahrener OP-Pfleger die Lagerungen, wie sie fur die haufigsten Eingriffe in der Unfallchirurgie und Orthopadie benoetigt werden. Die ubersichtliche Gliederung, der einheitliche Aufbau und die anschauliche Darstellung jeder Lagerung in speziell bearbeiteten Fotos ermoeglichen sowohl die intensive Beschaftigung mit den Lagerunstechniken als auch den schnellen Zugriff kurz vor der Operation. Eine praxisbezogene Arbeitsanleitung - eine wertvolle Hilfe im Operationsalltag.

Die optimale Versorgung auf einen Blick fur alle relevanten Frakturen: das ausgeklugelte Farbleitsystem ermoglicht die schnelle Einordnung gemass der AO-Klassifikation, die schematische Darstellung der Therapieoptionen fuhrt zum richtigen Implantat, zahlreiche Bildserien mit Versorgungsbeispielen illustrieren die Moglichkeiten der Osteosynthese.

Qualitatsorientiertes Frakturmanagement leicht gemacht: Fur jeden Frakturtyp werden Unfallmechanismus, Klinik und bildgebende Verfahren vorgestellt. Neben der AO-Klassifikation werden weitere gangige Klassifikationen berucksichtigt. Die Instabilitatskriterien der einzelnen Frakturen sind stichpunktartig aufgelistet. Ist die Entscheidung fur eine Osteosynthese gefallen, helfen Tipps und Tricks bei der effektiven Vorbereitung und Durchfuhrung der Operation weiter."

The standard electrocardiogram (ECG) is an indispensable, safe, and inexpensive test to assess dogs and cats with heart disease. This bestselling user-friendly book discusses the principles of electrocardiography, then systematically explores the evaluation of the ECG, including determination of heart rate, measurement of intervals, derivation of mean electrical axis, and criteria for atrial/ventricular enlargement or hypertrophy. At the core of this book is an extensive series of ECG cases for the reader to work through: practice makes perfect. New to this edition: Instructions on how to obtain an ECG A new chapter on the treatment of the most common clinically important ECG arrhythmias A second new chapter on 24-hour ECG (Holter) monitoring A handy one-page reference guide of important ECG values and diagrams, which can be downloaded from the book's webpage for easy reference 15 new ECG cases have been added to the original 46 cases, with a selection of advanced cases geared toward readers craving more challenging topics such as electrical cardioversion and pacemaker function. This updated edition will further aid veterinarians in their quest to better interpret the ECG. It provides information in an appealing, accessible, and easy to use format that fits with the busy lives of veterinary practitioners.

The Oxford Desk Reference: Major Trauma is the missing link between basic trauma management and advanced specialist care. Advanced Trauma Life Support courses have revolutionised trauma care in the last 3 decades, but there is little advice for the key decision makers in trauma care once the primary and secondary surveys are complete. This volume is a practical and evidence-based desk reference, giving a comprehensive walk-through from the initial phases of injury, through key decision-making in the resuscitation room, to surgical principles and rehabilitation. Including chapters on damage control, ballistic and blast injuries, and bariatric trauma, this text covers all the main areas of trauma care necessary for the trauma specialist in the 21st Century.
The Oxford Desk Reference emphasises practical help but also covers the evidence and science behind trauma management. It includes the most up-to-date guidance from national bodies making recommendations for trauma care, using an international team of contributing authors. This book will become an essential tool for everyday use in the management of trauma.

The number of natural and man-made disasters has risen dramatically over the last decade. Natural disasters, industrial accidents and terrorist attacks represent major incidents, often involving multiple casualties. In such cases, health professionals face multiple challenges because the type of medical care required differs from what is taught and provided in their everyday hospital duties. The aim of this book is to inform and prepare healthcare professionals for the challenges posed by major incidents, so that they can act effectively in medical teams sent on humanitarian missions or into conflict zones. It offers a holistic and horizontal approach covering all stages of the disaster management cycle.The book is divided into 5 sections: section 1: prehospital emergency services; section ii: hospital response; section iii: management of incidents; section iv: after the disaster; and section v: evaluation, ethical issues, education and research. Healthcare providers will find essential information on the special medical considerations in both prehospital and hospital disaster settings, medical management of disaster response, recovery, mitigation and preparedness. The book offers an interdisciplinary and interprofessional approach, and was written by prominent researchers and experienced practitioners.

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the contemporary management of all aspects of traumatic brain injury (TBI), combining the findings of several recent randomised controlled trials investigating the role of hypothermia, erythropoietin, intracranial pressure monitoring and decompressive craniectomy in the management of TBI. The book is divided into four sections: the first section covers the epidemiology of TBI, the changing global patterns of presentation, and the basic pathophysiology and classification, while the second discusses contemporary management of TBI, from pre-hospital care, emergency assessment, and medical and surgical management to rehabilitation and social reintegration. The third section then examines the evidence gained from recent clinical trials that have investigated the efficacy of management strategies involving intracranial pressure monitoring, multimodal monitoring, hypothermia, erythropoietin, thromboembolic prophylaxis and decompressive craniectomy. Lastly, the fourth section explores the ethical issues, both at the societal level and on an individual basis. Written by a broad range of experts, this book provides a valuable reference resource for neurosurgeons, intensivists, clinicians with ethical experience and pure bioethicists in their daily work.

This book provides a thorough description of hexapod external fixators, from the theoretical basis to their practical application. Indications and practical use in current Orthopaedic practice are addressed in detail, offering the reader essential insights into the strengths and limitations of these devices. The main aspects covered, include primary (congenital) and secondary (acquired) deformities of the limbs: the etiology, pathomechanics, clinics, technical "tips and tricks" and suggested frame assemblies are presented. Each chapter addresses a specific Orthopaedic problem and includes representative clinical cases commented on by the authors. Illustrations and X-ray images support the discussion of the various themes treated in the textbook. Special attention is also given to deformity morphology and the consequent geometry of correction, as well as economical aspects and the biological risks of radiation exposure. A review of current nomenclature in external fixation is also provided as a quick-reference resource. Offering clear and straightforward descriptions of these devices and their current use in practice, prepared by leading international experts, this book will benefit expert surgeons and residents alike.

The Ilizarov device has revolutionized the treatment of non-healing fractures and the correction of deformities. This book supplies all the information required in order to use the Ilizarov and other external fixation devices optimally; it will serve as an indispensable manual for both trainee and experienced orthopedic surgeons. Biomechanical principles, preoperative preparation, and the use of a system of coordinates to allow safer insertion of K-wires and half pins are thoroughly discussed. External fixation of a variety of fractures in different pathologic settings is then clearly explained in a series of detailed chapters with the aid of high-quality illustrations. Numerous case reports are included to illustrate the results of different treatment methods. In addition, postoperative management and treatment of complications are described. Since the first edition the text has been thoroughly updated, with inclusion of contributions from leading world experts.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the medical and operational management of blast and explosive incidents affecting civilian populations. It incorporates global lessons learned from first responders, emergency medicine providers, surgeons, intensivists, and military specialists with deep experience in handling blast injuries from point of injury through rehabilitation. The book begins with background and introductory information on blast physics, explosion types, frequency, and perspectives from the military. This is followed by a section on prehospital management focusing on medical and trauma responses, triage, psychological consequences, and operational considerations. It then examines the roles of the emergency department and ICU with chapters on planning and training, surge capacity, resilience, management of common injury types, contamination, and ventilator strategies. The next section covers surgical treatment of a variety of blast injuries such as thoracoabdominal, extremity and vascular, and orthopedic injuries. The book then discusses medical treatment of various injury patterns including lung, abdominal, extremity, and traumatic brain injury. The final section of the book covers post-hospital considerations such as rehabilitation, mental health, and community resilience. Throughout, case studies of recent incidents provide real-life examples of operational and medical management. Operational and Medical Management of Explosive and Blast Incidents is an essential resource for physicians and related professionals, residents, nurses, and medical students in emergency medicine, traumatic surgery, intensive care medicine, and public health as well as civilian and military EMS providers.

This volume is a "how-to guide" to treating thoracic trauma and emergencies for acute care surgeons. It highlights the diagnosis and management of thoracic disease and injuries, and each chapter includes algorithms that lead readers through the process of identifying and treating many common and some uncommon thoracic pathologies. The international team of authors provides readers with a unique and diverse approach to the operative and non-operative challenges encountered by ACS surgeons. The large number of figures offers readers insights into what they can expect to see when caring for these patients. The editors understand that the management of adults and children differ and have included a specific chapter on pediatrics. Given the broad audience and diverse settings in which the text can be used, the authors also provide details of care in limited-resource environments. The volume is a valuable tool for professionals interested in thoracic surgery and acute care surgery.

This text provides a high level, comprehensive but concise review of adult surgical critical care. It can be used to review complex topics of critical illness in surgical patients, as a reference tool, or as preparation for a board examination. It is focused on the surgical patient including high yield facts, evidence-based guidelines, and critical care principles. To remain succinct, it concentrates on surgically relevant care. Further, the text is written with an expectation that reader already possesses a basic understanding of critical care pathophysiology and clinical practices such as those acquired during residency. Organized by organ system, each section contains several chapters addressing relevant disorders, monitoring and treatment modalities, and outcomes. Principles of Adult Surgical Critical Care will be of use to intensivists caring for surgical patients regardless of parent training domain. Additionally, this work is intended to be used by surgical critical care fellowship trainees as well as other advanced practice providers such as nurse practitioners and physician assistants who provide care in ICUs and emergency departments alike.

Peripheral Nerve Injuries: A Clinical Guide is a fully illustrated and informative reference on injuries within the peripheral nervous system. It incorporates new knowledge in molecular and cellular events which underlie the response of nerves to injury, regeneration and neuropathic pain. Written by a leading expert in the field, Peripheral Nerve Injuries: A Clinical Guide, is a valuable resource for surgeons in residence and training.

It has by now been established that carpal ligamentary lesions may lead to instability and ultimately to carpal arthritis. However, the variety of anatomopathological classifications and the multiplicity of surgical repair techniques reflect the difficulty of grasping this ligamentary pathology. Clinical analysis and traditional investigation techniques must successfully address the complexity of the wrist, which is largely due to the number of synchronized bones involved in every movement of the hand. The clinical analysis of the wrist is insufficient to precisely measure the mobility of each carpal bone, making paraclinical examinations also significant for clinical diagnosis. The tools available today range from X-rays to arthroscopy, including arthroCTscans and soon MRI. As for repair techniques, their diversity must not hide the fact that a biomechanical and physiological principle is involved and must be identified. This book presents the findings of an expert group in the field of wrist pathology. It seeks to analyze, understand, explain and make comprehensible, if not obvious, the reflections that each practitioner should employ during the diagnosis and treatment of carpal ligamentary lesions. The focus is consciously not on degenerative carpal pathology, which usually enjoys more visibility. We hope that readers will benefit from the fact that fragmented pieces of knowledge are gathered in a single work, that they will find in this initial synthesis an inspiration to rethink a difficult and sometimes thankless surgery and to further the surgical advances of the 21st century.

A definitive summary of novel techniques, this volume details the most current and multidisciplinary approach to new technologies used in general plastic surgery, hand surgery, peripheral nerve surgery, microsurgery, breast surgery, esthetic surgery, and trauma surgery. It also gives an overview of the most important and clinically relevant plastic surgery research. The aim is to stimulate the reader to look at future advances and applications of research and their relevance to daily clinical practice in plastic surgery. Appropriate for different sub-specialties not only in plastic surgery (breast, face, esthetic, hand, microsurgery chapters) but also in orthopedics (hand, microsurgery, nerve chapters) and neurosurgery (peripheral nerve chapter), this book will also be of great interest to trainee surgeons.

Over the past three decades, the flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN) technique that originated in the University of Nancy in France has evolved to the point where it is becoming the gold standard for the treatment of many fractures in children. This comprehensive textbook on FIN is written by Pierre Lascombes and his colleagues from the University of Nancy and covers all its potential applications. The book is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on general considerations such as biomechanics, choice of implant, basic principles of surgical technique, and rehabilitation. The second part describes in detail the techniques developed for each particular fracture type with the aid of numerous high-quality illustrations. In the final part, a range of further indications for FIN in children are discussed. By clearly explaining the basic principles and various uses of FIN, this book will prove of value to both novice and experienced traumatologists and orthopedic surgeons.

Femoral neck fractures occur primarily in the elderly population, and nowadays arthroplasty is chosen most frequently as a treatment solution. This illustrated atlas provides a comprehensive monograph of femoral neck fractures. It has more than 800 representative figures, x-rays and drawings, and describes in detail non-invasive internal fixation. By means of presenting minimally invasive technique step-by-step, and their own results, the aim is to persuade the reader that the ratio of complications can be remarkably diminished by urgent surgery, based on selective indication criteria.

The definitive interdisciplinary reference work for wound ballistics Fundamentals in Physics, arms and ammunition, ballistics Simulating gunshot wounds: Virtopsy - a virtual autopsy method, combining CT, MRT and surface scanning and Materials that reproduce the interaction of soft tissue, bone and blood vessels with a bullet that penetrates the body. Wound ballistics for Short-range and long-range weapons, fragments, such as those from bombs and hand grenades, gas jets from blanks, gas weapons, etc., "Non-lethal" weapons as used by the police, in military operations or in urban settings Specialist knowledge and reference detailed tables: ballistic tables for typical ammunition, ballistic values for numerous types of ammunition, including older types, materials properties, plus additional, hard-to-find data. Most tables are in both metric and U.S. units., an extensive trilingual glossary of specialized terminology in German, English and French NEW: the latest diagnostic / simulation methods and the latest types of ammunition The practice and application of wound ballistics in: forensic medicine, surgery - especially emergency and war surgery and international conventions Globalized conflict zones, terrorism and crime - these issues affect a wider circle than just the armed forces and medical services abroad. Police officers, surgeons, forensics specialists and criminalists also need to be familiar with ballistics and gunshot wounds and must be able to assess the complex factors involved. The practice and application of wound ballistics in forensic medicine. surgery - especially emergency and war surgery and International conventions. Globalized conflict zones, terrorism and crime - these issues affect a wider circle than just the armed forces and medical services abroad. Police officers, surgeons, forensics specialists and criminalists also need to be familiar with ballistics and gunshot wounds and must be able to assess the complex factors involved.

Whether switching on the TV, picking up a newspaper or simply logging on to the internet, one is constantly faced with images of natural disasters, conflict and human suffering. Humanity has experienced these problems throughout time and we have evolved methods and mechanisms for alleviating suffering, from trauma care following a traffic accident to international pacts and the Millennium Development Goals. In exploring such diverse cases of aid intervention, Disaster Medicine: A Case Based Approach provides interesting, easily accessible content and context for understanding disaster medicine and global health. In each case the reader will be put in the position of the decision maker and as in real life some of the cases will portray success and some will show failure. It is hoped the reader will consider the issues and problems for themselves and perhaps consider things they would choose to do differently. Written by a team of experts with extensive experience in the field and a progressive perspective Disaster Medicine: A Case Based Approach is a valuable text for students and professionals of disaster medicine.

With the technical advances made in MRI technology and the wider availability of MRI units, this diagnostic modality has by now - doubtedly gained a crucial role in joint imaging.The excellent detail recognition of MRI provides views of the various joint structures once only available through direct arthroscopic and surgical pro- dures. The acceptance, usefulness, and role of any diagnostic modality, however, critically relies on the experience, clinical expertise, and dedication of those who use it.With this in mind, a renowned int- disciplinary team of authors have brought together expert kno- edge from their respective fields in compiling this MRI atlas. Peter Teller and Hermann Konig are two highly experienced MRI radiologists with backgrounds in both clinical work and research. Ulrich Weber and Peter Hertel are two leading orthopedic surgeons and traumatologists in the fields of joint surgery/microsurgery and sports injuries. It is the vast radiologic experience in the interpretation of c- plex image information - an experience that takes into account the clinical requirements from the perspective of orthopedic surgeons and traumatologists - as well as the authors'didactic approach that make for the singular character of this book. Berlin, November 2001 Bernd Hamm, MD Professor and Chairman Department of Radiology Charite Medical School Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin Preface MRI of diseases and injuries of the head, neck, and spinal column has become firmly established as a diagnostic tool since examiners could easily apply their previous experience gained in CT to MRI in these areas."

It is a great pleasure and honor to be asked to participate in the translation of this important and historical volume on thoracic surgery and to provide this foreword. Martin Kirschner of Mannheim/Heidelberg was an early pioneer in thoracic and esophageal surgery. His operation for bypass of the esophagus using the entire stomach remains a standard of the surgical armamentarium to this date. The original Kirschner Textbook of Surgery was a standard in its day. We are fortunate that Professors H. Pichlmaier and F.W. Schildberg and other colleagues have provided us with this important modern successor of a classic textbook. The reader is rewarded by an extensive treatise which includes not only the most up to date techniques in pulmonary, esophageal, mediastinal, and chest wall (including breast) surgery but also provides an excellent perspective on the techniques used by pioneers in the field. Although some of these early techniques are not commonly used today, knowledge of their use and application broadens the capability of the thoracic surgeon. Changing times bring renewed problems with infectious diseases. Knowledge of the management of the pleural space and pulmonary infectious problems is a critical part of the education of the thoracic surgeon.

Trauma to various organ systems is a common medical problem in the pediatric age group. With the increase in vehicular traffic and active participation in contact sports, as well as a change in the social atmosphere, the incidence of injury to children is increasing. There is considerable morbidity associated with these injuries and accidents are the most common cause of death in this population group. The radiologist, using the various diagnostic radiological moda lities available, becomes involved in practically all cases of trauma of any degree of seriousness. The radiological methods lend themselves not only to determining the specific diagnosis but also to assessing the extent of the injury. This is important in determining of the patient as in recent years a more conserva the management tive type of therapy is advocated in several types of injury. As has been said, "Children are not like adults," hence injuries are of different types from those seen in adults. The ligaments and tendons of children are stronger than the bone structure, thus sprains and strains are not as common as fractures. Certain organs are in a less protected position in a child and may readily be injured from relatively minor trauma. Injury due to violent action of others such as gunshot and stab wounds are not as common as in the adult population but they are increasing in the teenage group. Blunt trauma or that due to rapid deceleration is the usual type of trauma seen in childhood."

This manual is conceived as an aid to AO course participants both in grasping theoretical principles and in performing practical exercises, as well as a practical guide for clinicians in the application of AO principles. These principles are discussed in Part I and related to notions of stability, biomechanics, and technique. In addition to interfragmentary fixation and load bearing, the technique of external fixation is explained. The use of rigid external fixators with the mandible is proposed as a replacement for pin fixation, which has been obsolete for over two decades. Part II is a practical guide to the theoretical principles set forth in the first section of the volume, with the focus on case studies classified according to fracture type. This section provides a solid empirical basis of particular value in establishing indications and selecting appropriate techniques. Equally important is the anatomy of surgical points of access. In Part III, the increasing variety of indications for rigid internal fixation is confirmed. Three areas take on particular relevance here: the surgical treatment of pseudarthrosis, the by-pass of primary defects as an integral part of mandibular tumor surgery, and sagittal splinting and condylar replacement for orthopedic interventions involving the locomotor system of the mandible. A foldout entitled "AO Classification of Mandibular Fractures" is inserted at the back of the book. Its purpose is to help the clinician confronted by an acute case to determine its classification.