This book provides an introduction to the bifurcation theory approach to global solution curves and studies the exact multiplicity of solutions for semilinear Dirichlet problems, aiming to obtain a complete understanding of the solution set. This understanding opens the way to efficient computation of all solutions. Detailed results are obtained in case of circular domains, and some results for general domains are also presented.The author is one of the original contributors to the field of exact multiplicity results.

Many engineering, operations, and scientific applications include a mixture of discrete and continuous decision variables and nonlinear relationships involving the decision variables that have a pronounced effect on the set of feasible and optimal solutions. Mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problems combine the numerical difficulties of handling nonlinear functions with the challenge of optimizing in the context of nonconvex functions and discrete variables. MINLP is one of the most flexible modeling paradigms available for optimization; but because its scope is so broad, in the most general cases it is hopelessly intractable. Nonetheless, an expanding body of researchers and practitioners - including chemical engineers, operations researchers, industrial engineers, mechanical engineers, economists, statisticians, computer scientists, operations managers, and mathematical programmers - are interested in solving large-scale MINLP instances.

The new student in differential and low-dimensional topology is faced with a bewildering array of tools and loosely connected theories. This short book presents the essential parts of each, enabling the reader to become 'literate' in the field and begin research as quickly as possible. The only prerequisite assumed is an undergraduate algebraic topology course. The first half of the text reviews basic notions of differential topology and culminates with the classification of exotic seven-spheres. It then dives into dimension three and knot theory. There then follows an introduction to Heegaard Floer homology, a powerful collection of modern invariants of three- and four-manifolds, and of knots, that has not before appeared in an introductory textbook. The book concludes with a glimpse of four-manifold theory. Students will find it an exhilarating and authoritative guide to a broad swathe of the most important topics in modern topology.

This book presents a systematic approach to a solution theory for linear partial differential equations developed in a Hilbert space setting based on a Sobolev lattice structure, a simple extension of the well-established notion of a chain (or scale) of Hilbert spaces. The focus on a Hilbert space setting (rather than on an apparently more general Banach space) is not a severe constraint, but rather a highly adaptable and suitable approach providing a more transparent framework for presenting the main issues in the development of a solution theory for partial differential equations. In contrast to other texts on partial differential equations, which consider either specific equation types or apply a collection of tools for solving a variety of equations, this book takes a more global point of view by focusing on the issues involved in determining the appropriate functional analytic setting in which a solution theory can be naturally developed. Applications to many areas of mathematical physics are also presented. The book aims to be largely self-contained. Full proofs to all but the most straightforward results are provided, keeping to a minimum references to other literature for essential material. It is therefore highly suitable as a resource for graduate courses and also for researchers, who will find new results for particular evolutionary systems from mathematical physics.

This book focuses on nonlinear boundary value problems and the aspects of nonlinear analysis which are necessary to their study. The authors first give a comprehensive introduction to the many different classical methods from nonlinear analysis, variational principles, and Morse theory. They then provide a rigorous and detailed treatment of the relevant areas of nonlinear analysis with new applications to nonlinear boundary value problems for both ordinary and partial differential equations. Recent results on the existence and multiplicity of critical points for both smooth and nonsmooth functional, developments on the degree theory of monotone type operators, nonlinear maximum and comparison principles for p-Laplacian type operators, and new developments on nonlinear Neumann problems involving non-homogeneous differential operators appear for the first time in book form. The presentation is systematic, and an extensive bibliography and a remarks section at the end of each chapter highlight the text. This work will serve as an invaluable reference for researchers working in nonlinear analysis and partial differential equations as well as a useful tool for all those interested in the topics presented.

This invaluable research monograph presents a unified and fascinating theory of generalized functionals of Brownian motion and other fundamental processes such as fractional Brownian motion and Levy process - covering the classical Wiener-Ito class including the generalized functionals of Hida as special cases, among others. It presents a thorough and comprehensive treatment of the Wiener-Sobolev spaces and their duals, as well as Malliavin calculus with their applications. The presentation is lucid and logical, and is based on a solid foundation of analysis and topology. The monograph develops the notions of compactness and weak compactness on these abstract Fock spaces and their duals, clearly demonstrating their nontrivial applications to stochastic differential equations in finite and infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces, optimization and optimal control problems.Readers will find the book an interesting and easy read as materials are presented in a systematic manner with a complete analysis of classical and generalized functionals of scalar Brownian motion, Gaussian random fields and their vector versions in the increasing order of generality. It starts with abstract Fourier analysis on the Wiener measure space where a striking similarity of the celebrated Riesz-Fischer theorem for separable Hilbert spaces and the space of Wiener-Ito functionals is drawn out, thus providing a clear insight into the subject.

This self-contained book provides systematic instructive analysis of uncertain systems of the following types: ordinary differential equations, impulsive equations, equations on time scales, singularly perturbed differential equations, and set differential equations. Each chapter contains new conditions of stability of unperturbed motion of the above-mentioned type of equations, along with some applications. Without assuming specific knowledge of uncertain dynamical systems, the book includes many fundamental facts about dynamical behaviour of its solutions. Giving a concise review of current research developments, Uncertain Dynamical Systems: Stability and Motion Control Details all proofs of stability conditions for five classes of uncertain systems Clearly defines all used notions of stability and control theory Contains an extensive bibliography, facilitating quick access to specific subject areas in each chapter Requiring only a fundamental knowledge of general theory of differential equations and calculus, this book serves as an excellent text for pure and applied mathematicians, applied physicists, industrial engineers, operations researchers, and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students studying ordinary differential equations, impulse equations, dynamic equations on time scales, and set differential equations.

Differential equations with random perturbations are the mathematical models of real-world processes that cannot be described via deterministic laws, and their evolution depends on random factors. The modern theory of differential equations with random perturbations is on the edge of two mathematical disciplines: random processes and ordinary differential equations. Consequently, the sources of these methods come both from the theory of random processes and from the classic theory of differential equations. This work focuses on the approach to stochastic equations from the perspective of ordinary differential equations. For this purpose, both asymptotic and qualitative methods which appeared in the classical theory of differential equations and nonlinear mechanics are developed.

This book presents boundary value problems for arbitrary elliptic pseudo-differential operators on a smooth compact manifold with boundary. In this regard, every operator admits global projection boundary conditions, giving rise to analogues of Toeplitz operators in subspaces of Sobolev spaces on the boundary associated with pseudo-differential projections. The book describes how these operator classes form algebras, and establishes the concept for Boutet de Monvel's calculus, as well as for operators on manifolds with edges, including the case of operators without the transmission property. Further, it shows how the calculus contains parametrices of elliptic elements. Lastly, the book describes natural connections to ellipticity of Atiyah-Patodi-Singer type for Dirac and other geometric operators, in particular spectral boundary conditions with Calderon-Seeley projections and the characterization of Cauchy data spaces.

This book presents, in a unitary frame and from a new perspective, the main concepts and results of one of the most fascinating branches of modern mathematics, namely differential equations, and offers the reader another point of view concerning a possible way to approach the problems of existence, uniqueness, approximation, and continuation of the solutions to a Cauchy problem. In addition, it contains simple introductions to some topics which are not usually included in classical textbooks: the exponential formula, conservation laws, generalized solutions, Caratheodory solutions, differential inclusions, variational inequalities, viability, invariance, gradient systems.

In this new edition we have corrected several small errors and added the following new topics: Volterra Integral Equations and Elements of Calculus of Variations. Some problems and exercises, referring to these two new topics are also included. The bibliography has been updated and expanded.

Applied Mathematics in Hydraulic Engineering is an excellent teaching guide and reference to treating nonlinear mathematical problems in hydraulic, hydrologic and coastal engineering. Undergraduates studying civil and coastal engineering, as well as analysis and differential equations, are started off applying calculus to the treatment of nonlinear partial differential equations, before given the chance to practice real-life problems related to the fields. This textbook is not only a good source of teaching materials for teachers or instructors, but is also useful as a comprehensive resource of mathematical tools to researchers.

Form Symmetries and Reduction of Order in Difference Equations presents a new approach to the formulation and analysis of difference equations in which the underlying space is typically an algebraic group. In some problems and applications, an additional algebraic or topological structure is assumed in order to define equations and obtain significant results about them. Reflecting the author s past research experience, the majority of examples involve equations in finite dimensional Euclidean spaces.

The book first introduces difference equations on groups, building a foundation for later chapters and illustrating the wide variety of possible formulations and interpretations of difference equations that occur in concrete contexts. The author then proposes a systematic method of decomposition for recursive difference equations that uses a semiconjugate relation between maps. Focusing on large classes of difference equations, he shows how to find the semiconjugate relations and accompanying factorizations of two difference equations with strictly lower orders. The final chapter goes beyond semiconjugacy by extending the fundamental ideas based on form symmetries to nonrecursive difference equations.

With numerous examples and exercises, this book is an ideal introduction to an exciting new domain in the area of difference equations. It takes a fresh and all-inclusive look at difference equations and develops a systematic procedure for examining how these equations are constructed and solved.

The book is devoted to varieties of linear singular integral equations, with special emphasis on their methods of solution. It introduces the singular integral equations and their applications to researchers as well as graduate students of this fascinating and growing branch of applied mathematics.

Differential equations with "maxima"-differential equations that contain the maximum of the unknown function over a previous interval-adequately model real-world processes whose present state significantly depends on the maximum value of the state on a past time interval. More and more, these equations model and regulate the behavior of various technical systems on which our ever-advancing, high-tech world depends. Understanding and manipulating the theoretical results and investigations of differential equations with maxima opens the door to enormous possibilities for applications to real-world processes and phenomena. Presenting the qualitative theory and approximate methods, Differential Equations with Maxima begins with an introduction to the mathematical apparatus of integral inequalities involving maxima of unknown functions. The authors solve various types of linear and nonlinear integral inequalities, study both cases of single and double integral inequalities, and illustrate several direct applications of solved inequalities. They also present general properties of solutions as well as existence results for initial value and boundary value problems. Later chapters offer stability results with definitions of different types of stability with sufficient conditions and include investigations based on appropriate modifications of the Razumikhin technique by applying Lyapunov functions. The text covers the main concepts of oscillation theory and methods applied to initial and boundary value problems, combining the method of lower and upper solutions with appropriate monotone methods and introducing algorithms for constructing sequences of successive approximations. The book concludes with a systematic development of the averaging method for differential equations with maxima as applied to first-order and neutral equations. It also explores different schemes for averaging, partial averaging, partially additiv

Fourier Series in Several Variables with Applications to Partial Differential Equations illustrates the value of Fourier series methods in solving difficult nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). Using these methods, the author presents results for stationary Navier-Stokes equations, nonlinear reaction-diffusion systems, and quasilinear elliptic PDEs and resonance theory. He also establishes the connection between multiple Fourier series and number theory. The book first presents four summability methods used in studying multiple Fourier series: iterated Fejer, Bochner-Riesz, Abel, and Gauss-Weierstrass. It then covers conjugate multiple Fourier series, the analogue of Cantor's uniqueness theorem in two dimensions, surface spherical harmonics, and Schoenberg's theorem. After describing five theorems on periodic solutions of nonlinear PDEs, the text concludes with solutions of stationary Navier-Stokes equations. Discussing many results and studies from the literature, this book demonstrates the robust power of Fourier analysis in solving seemingly impenetrable nonlinear problems.

This book introduces the method of lower and upper solutions for ordinary differential equations. This method is known to be both easy and powerful to solve second order boundary value problems. Besides an extensive introduction to the method, the first half of the book describes some recent and more involved results on this subject. These concern the combined use of the method with degree theory, with variational methods and positive operators. The second half of the book concerns applications. This part exemplifies the method and provides the reader with a fairly large introduction to the problematic of boundary value problems. Although the book concerns mainly ordinary differential equations, some attention is given to other settings such as partial differential equations or functional differential equations. A detailed history of the problem is described in the introduction.
- Presents the fundamental features of the method
- Construction of lower and upper solutions in problems
- Working applications and illustrated theorems by examples
- Description of the history of the method and Bibliographical notes

In this volume, we report new results about various boundary value problems for partial differential equations and functional equations, theory and methods of integral equations and integral operators including singular integral equations, applications of boundary value problems and integral equations to mechanics and physics, numerical methods of integral equations and boundary value problems, theory and methods for inverse problems of mathematical physics, Clifford analysis and related problems.

Contributors include: L Baratchart, B L Chen, D C Chen, S S Ding, K Q Lan, A Farajzadeh, M G Fei, T Kosztolowicz, A Makin, T Qian, J M Rassias, J Ryan, C-Q Ru, P Schiavone, P Wang, Q S Zhang, X Y Zhang, S Y Du, H Y Gao, X Li, Y Y Qiao, G C Wen, Z T Zhang, etc.

Stable solutions are ubiquitous in differential equations. They represent meaningful solutions from a physical point of view and appear in many applications, including mathematical physics (combustion, phase transition theory) and geometry (minimal surfaces). Stable Solutions of Elliptic Partial Differential Equations offers a self-contained presentation of the notion of stability in elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs). The central questions of regularity and classification of stable solutions are treated at length. Specialists will find a summary of the most recent developments of the theory, such as nonlocal and higher-order equations. For beginners, the book walks you through the fine versions of the maximum principle, the standard regularity theory for linear elliptic equations, and the fundamental functional inequalities commonly used in this field. The text also includes two additional topics: the inverse-square potential and some background material on submanifolds of Euclidean space.

The boundary element method (BEM), also known as the boundary integral equation method (BIEM), is a modern numerical technique which has enjoyed increasing popularity over the past two decades. It is now an established alternative to traditional computational methods of engineering analysis. The main advantage of the BEM is its unique ability to provide a complete solution in terms of boundary values only, with substantial savings in modeling effort.

This book is designed to provide readers with a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the method and its application to problems in engineering and science. Each chapter provides a brief description of historical development, followed by basic theory, derivation and examples.

This volume holds a collection of articles based on the talks presented at ICDEA 2007 in Lisbon, Portugal.

The volume encompasses current topics on stability and bifurcation, chaos, mathematical biology, iteration theory, nonautonomous systems, and stochastic dynamical systems.

The present volume is the result of the international workshop on New Trends in Quantum Integrable Systems that was held in Kyoto, Japan, from 27 to 31 July 2009. As a continuation of the RIMS Research Project "Method of Algebraic Analysis in Integrable Systems" in 2004, the workshop's aim was to cover exciting new developments that have emerged during the recent years.Collected here are research articles based on the talks presented at the workshop, including the latest results obtained thereafter. The subjects discussed range across diverse areas such as correlation functions of solvable models, integrable models in quantum field theory, conformal field theory, mathematical aspects of Bethe ansatz, special functions and integrable differential/difference equations, representation theory of infinite dimensional algebras, integrable models and combinatorics.Through these topics, the reader can learn about the most recent developments in the field of quantum integrable systems and related areas of mathematical physics.

This collection covers a wide range of topics of infinite dimensional dynamical systems generated by parabolic partial differential equations, hyperbolic partial differential equations, solitary equations, lattice differential equations, delay differential equations, and stochastic differential equations. Infinite dimensional dynamical systems are generated by evolutionary equations describing the evolutions in time of systems whose status must be depicted in infinite dimensional phase spaces. Studying the long-term behaviors of such systems is important in our understanding of their spatiotemporal pattern formation and global continuation, and has been among major sources of motivation and applications of new developments of nonlinear analysis and other mathematical theories. Theories of the infinite dimensional dynamical systems have also found more and more important applications in physical, chemical, and life sciences. This book collects 19 papers from 48 invited lecturers to the International Conference on Infinite Dimensional Dynamical Systems held at York University, Toronto, in September of 2008. As the conference was dedicated to Professor George Sell from University of Minnesota on the occasion of his 70th birthday, this collection reflects the pioneering work and influence of Professor Sell in a few core areas of dynamical systems, including non-autonomous dynamical systems, skew-product flows, invariant manifolds theory, infinite dimensional dynamical systems, approximation dynamics, and fluid flows. "

In many physical problems several scales are present in space or time, caused by inhomogeneity of the medium or complexity of the mechanical process. A fundamental approach is to first construct micro-scale models, and then deduce the macro-scale laws and the constitutive relations by properly averaging over the micro-scale. The perturbation method of multiple scales can be used to derive averaged equations for a much larger scale from considerations of the small scales. In the mechanics of multiscale media, the analytical scheme of upscaling is known as the Theory of Homogenization.The authors share the view that the general methods of homogenization should be more widely understood and practiced by applied scientists and engineers. Hence this book is aimed at providing a less abstract treatment of the theory of homogenization for treating inhomogeneous media, and at illustrating its broad range of applications. Each chapter deals with a different class of physical problems. To tackle a new problem, the approach of first discussing the physically relevant scales, then identifying the small parameters and their roles in the normalized governing equations is adopted. The details of asymptotic analysis are only explained afterwards.

The book provides a comprehensive overview on the theory on analysis of singularities for partial differential equations (PDEs). It contains a summarization of the formation, development and main results on this topic. Some of the author's discoveries and original contributions are also included, such as the propagation of singularities of solutions to nonlinear equations, singularity index and formation of shocks.