The book takes a problem solving approach in presenting the topic of differential equations. It provides a complete narrative of differential equations showing the theoretical aspects of the problem (the how's and why's), various steps in arriving at solutions, multiple ways of obtaining solutions and comparison of solutions. A large number of comprehensive examples are provided to show depth and breadth and these are presented in a manner very similar to the instructor's class room work. The examples contain solutions from Laplace transform based approaches alongside the solutions based on eigenvalues and eigenvectors and characteristic equations. The verification of the results in examples is additionally provided using Runge-Kutta offering a holistic means to interpret and understand the solutions. Wherever necessary, phase plots are provided to support the analytical results. All the examples are worked out using MATLAB (R) taking advantage of the Symbolic Toolbox and LaTex for displaying equations. With the subject matter being presented through these descriptive examples, students will find it easy to grasp the concepts. A large number of exercises have been provided in each chapter to allow instructors and students to explore various aspects of differential equations.

Iterative processes are the tools used to generate sequences approximating solutions of equations describing real life problems. Intended for researchers in computational sciences and as a reference book for advanced computational method in nonlinear analysis, this book is a collection of the recent results on the convergence analysis of numerical algorithms in both finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional spaces and presents several applications and connections with fixed point theory. It contains an abundant and updated bibliography and provides comparisons between various investigations made in recent years in the field of computational nonlinear analysis. The book also provides recent advancements in the study of iterative procedures and can be used as a source to obtain the proper method to use in order to solve a problem. The book assumes a basic background in Mathematical Statistics, Linear Algebra and Numerical Analysis and may be used as a self-study reference or as a supplementary text for an advanced course in Biosciences or Applied Sciences. Moreover, the newest techniques used to study the dynamics of iterative methods are described and used in the book and they are compared with the classical ones.

The book presents qualitative results for different classes of fractional equations, including fractional functional differential equations, fractional impulsive differential equations, and fractional impulsive functional differential equations, which have not been covered by other books. It manifests different constructive methods by demonstrating how these techniques can be applied to investigate qualitative properties of the solutions of fractional systems. Since many applications have been included, the demonstrated techniques and models can be used in training students in mathematical modeling and in the study and development of fractional-order models.

This book presents a unified algebraic approach to stabilization problems of linear boundary control systems with no assumption on finite-dimensional approximations to the original systems, such as the existence of the associated Riesz basis. A new proof of the stabilization result for linear systems of finite dimension is also presented, leading to an explicit design of the feedback scheme. The problem of output stabilization is discussed, and some interesting results are developed when the observability or the controllability conditions are not satisfied.

Authored by two experts in the field who have been long-time collaborators, this monograph treats the scattering and inverse scattering problems for the matrix Schroedinger equation on the half line with the general selfadjoint boundary condition. The existence, uniqueness, construction, and characterization aspects are treated with mathematical rigor, and physical insight is provided to make the material accessible to mathematicians, physicists, engineers, and applied scientists with an interest in scattering and inverse scattering. The material presented is expected to be useful to beginners as well as experts in the field. The subject matter covered is expected to be interesting to a wide range of researchers including those working in quantum graphs and scattering on graphs. The theory presented is illustrated with various explicit examples to improve the understanding of scattering and inverse scattering problems. The monograph introduces a specific class of input data sets consisting of a potential and a boundary condition and a specific class of scattering data sets consisting of a scattering matrix and bound-state information. The important problem of the characterization is solved by establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the two aforementioned classes. The characterization result is formulated in various equivalent forms, providing insight and allowing a comparison of different techniques used to solve the inverse scattering problem. The past literature treated the type of boundary condition as a part of the scattering data used as input to recover the potential. This monograph provides a proper formulation of the inverse scattering problem where the type of boundary condition is no longer a part of the scattering data set, but rather both the potential and the type of boundary condition are recovered from the scattering data set.

This book features a collection of papers devoted to recent results in nonlinear partial differential equations and applications. It presents an excellent source of information on the state-of-the-art, new methods, and trends in this topic and related areas. Most of the contributors presented their work during the sessions "Recent progress in evolution equations" and "Nonlinear PDEs" at the 12th ISAAC congress held in 2017 in Vaxjoe, Sweden. Even if inspired by this event, this book is not merely a collection of proceedings, but a stand-alone project gathering original contributions from active researchers on the latest trends in nonlinear evolution PDEs.

This is the first textbook-type presentation of tropical value distribution theory. It provides a detailed introduction of the tropical version of the Nevanlinna theory, describing growth and value distribution analysis of continuous, piecewise linear functions on the real axis. The book also includes applications of this theory to ultra-discrete equations. Three appendices are given to compare the contents of the theory with the classical counterparts in complex analysis.Detailed presentation of the proofs makes the book accessible for lecture courses and independent studies at the graduate and post-doctoral level.

This volume presents the proceedings of the meeting New Trends in One-Dimensional Dynamics, which celebrated the 70th birthday of Welington de Melo and was held at the IMPA, Rio de Janeiro, in November 2016. Highlighting the latest results in one-dimensional dynamics and its applications, the contributions gathered here also celebrate the highly successful meeting, which brought together experts in the field, including many of Welington de Melo's co-authors and former doctoral students. Sadly, Welington de Melo passed away shortly after the conference, so that the present volume became more a tribute to him. His role in the development of mathematics was undoubtedly an important one, especially in the area of low-level dynamics, and his legacy includes, in addition to many articles with fundamental contributions, books that are required reading for all newcomers to the field.

The volume originates from the 'Conference on Nonlinear Parabolic Problems' held in celebration of Herbert Amann's 70th birthday at the Banach Center in Bedlewo, Poland. It features a collection of peer-reviewed research papers by recognized experts highlighting recent advances in fields of Herbert Amann's interest such as nonlinear evolution equations, fluid dynamics, quasi-linear parabolic equations and systems, functional analysis, and more.

This book deals with analytic treatments of Markov processes. Symmetric Dirichlet forms and their associated Markov processes are important and powerful tools in the theory of Markov processes and their applications. The theory is well studied and used in various fields. In this monograph, we intend to generalize the theory to non-symmetric and time dependent semi-Dirichlet forms. By this generalization, we can cover the wide class of Markov processes and analytic theory which do not possess the dual Markov processes. In particular, under the semi-Dirichlet form setting, the stochastic calculus is not well established yet. In this monograph, we intend to give an introduction to such calculus. Furthermore, basic examples different from the symmetric cases are given. The text is written for graduate students, but also researchers.

Nonlinear Systems and Their Remarkable Mathematical Structures aims to describe the recent progress in nonlinear differential equations and nonlinear dynamical systems (both continuous and discrete). Written by experts, each chapter is self-contained and aims to clearly illustrate some of the mathematical theories of nonlinear systems. The book should be suitable for some graduate and postgraduate students in mathematics, the natural sciences, and engineering sciences, as well as for researchers (both pure and applied) interested in nonlinear systems. The common theme throughout the book is on solvable and integrable nonlinear systems of equations and methods/theories that can be applied to analyze those systems. Some applications are also discussed. Features Collects contributions on recent advances in the subject of nonlinear systems Aims to make the advanced mathematical methods accessible to the non-expert in this field Written to be accessible to some graduate and postgraduate students in mathematics and applied mathematics Serves as a literature source in nonlinear systems

One of the most fundamental and active areas in mathematics, the theory of partial differential equations (PDEs) is essential in the modeling of natural phenomena. PDEs have a wide range of interesting and important applications in every branch of applied mathematics, physics, and engineering, including fluid dynamics, elasticity, and optics. This significantly expanded fourth edition is designed as an introduction to the theory and applications of linear PDEs. The authors provide fundamental concepts, underlying principles, a wide range of applications, and various methods of solutions to PDEs. In addition to essential standard material on the subject, the book contains new material that is not usually covered in similar texts and reference books, including conservation laws, the spherical wave equation, the cylindrical wave equation, higher-dimensional boundary-value problems, the finite element method, fractional partial differential equations, and nonlinear partial differential equations with applications. Edition will primarily serve as a textbook for the first two courses in PDEs, or in a course on advanced engineering mathematics. The book may also be used as a reference for graduate students, researchers, and professionals in modern applied mathematics, mathematical physics, and engineering. Readers will gain a solid mathematical background in PDEs, sufficient to start interdisciplinary collaborative research in a variety of fields.

Differential equations play a noticeable role in engineering, physics, economics, and other disciplines. They permit us to model changing forms in both mathematical and physical problems. These equations are precisely used when a deterministic relation containing some continuously varying quantities and their rates of change in space and/or time is recognized or postulated. This book is intended to provide a straightforward introduction to the concept of partial differential equations. It provides a diversity of numerical examples framed to nurture the intellectual level of scholars. It includes enough examples to provide students with a clear concept and also offers short questions for comprehension. Construction of real-life problems is considered in the last chapter along with applications. Research scholars and students working in the fields of engineering, physics, and different branches of mathematics need to learn the concepts of partial differential equations to solve their problems. This book will serve their needs instead of having to use more complex books that contain more concepts than needed.

Semigroups of Bounded Operators and Second-Order Elliptic and Parabolic Partial Differential Equations aims to propose a unified approach to elliptic and parabolic equations with bounded and smooth coefficients. The book will highlight the connections between these equations and the theory of semigroups of operators, while demonstrating how the theory of semigroups represents a powerful tool to analyze general parabolic equations. Features Useful for students and researchers as an introduction to the field of partial differential equations of elliptic and parabolic types Introduces the reader to the theory of operator semigroups as a tool for the analysis of partial differential equations

Because of the correspondences existing among all levels of reality, truths pertaining to a lower level can be considered as symbols of truths at a higher level and can therefore be the "foundation" or support leading by analogy to a knowledge of the latter. This confers to every science a superior or "elevating" meaning, far deeper than its own original one. - R. GUENON, The Crisis of Modern World Having been interested in the Kepler Problem for a long time, I have al ways found it astonishing that no book has been written yet that would address all aspects of the problem. Besides hundreds of articles, at least three books (to my knowledge) have indeed been published al ready on the subject, namely Englefield (1972), Stiefel & Scheifele (1971) and Guillemin & Sternberg (1990). Each of these three books deals only with one or another aspect of the problem, though. For example, En glefield (1972) treats only the quantum aspects, and that in a local way. Similarly, Stiefel & Scheifele (1971) only considers the linearization of the equations of motion with application to the perturbations of celes tial mechanics. Finally, Guillemin & Sternberg (1990) is devoted to the group theoretical and geometrical structure.

Written by a team of international experts, Extremes and Recurrence in Dynamical Systems presents a unique point of view on the mathematical theory of extremes and on its applications in the natural and social sciences. Featuring an interdisciplinary approach to new concepts in pure and applied mathematical research, the book skillfully combines the areas of statistical mechanics, probability theory, measure theory, dynamical systems, statistical inference, geophysics, and software application. Emphasizing the statistical mechanical point of view, the book introduces robust theoretical embedding for the application of extreme value theory in dynamical systems. Extremes and Recurrence in Dynamical Systems also features: A careful examination of how a dynamical system can serve as a generator of stochastic processes Discussions on the applications of statistical inference in the theoretical and heuristic use of extremes Several examples of analysis of extremes in a physical and geophysical context A final summary of the main results presented along with a guide to future research projects An appendix with software in Matlab(R) programming language to help readers to develop further understanding of the presented concepts Extremes and Recurrence in Dynamical Systems is ideal for academics and practitioners in pure and applied mathematics, probability theory, statistics, chaos, theoretical and applied dynamical systems, statistical mechanics, geophysical fluid dynamics, geosciences and complexity science. VALERIO LUCARINI, PhD, is Professor of Theoretical Meteorology at the University of Hamburg, Germany and Professor of Statistical Mechanics at the University of Reading, UK. DAVIDE FARANDA, PhD, is Researcher at the Laboratoire des science du climat et de l environnement, IPSL, CEA Saclay, Universite Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. ANA CRISTINA GOMES MONTEIRO MOREIRA DE FREITAS, PhD, is Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Economics at the University of Porto, Portugal. JORGE MIGUEL MILHAZES DE FREITAS, PhD, is Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics of the Faculty of Sciences at the University of Porto, Portugal. MARK HOLLAND, PhD, is Senior Lecturer in Applied Mathematics in the College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences at the University of Exeter, UK. TOBIAS KUNA, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Reading, UK. MATTHEW NICOL, PhD, is Professor of Mathematics at the University of Houston, USA. MIKE TODD, PhD, is Lecturer in the School of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland. SANDRO VAIENTI, PhD, is Professor of Mathematics at the University of Toulon and Researcher at the Centre de Physique Theorique, France.

This book covers a diverse range of topics in Mathematical Physics, linear and nonlinear PDEs. Though the text reflects the classical theory, the main emphasis is on introducing readers to the latest developments based on the notions of weak solutions and Sobolev spaces. In numerous problems, the student is asked to prove a given statement, e.g. to show the existence of a solution to a certain PDE. Usually there is no closed-formula answer available, which is why there is no answer section, although helpful hints are often provided. This textbook offers a valuable asset for students and educators alike. As it adopts a perspective on PDEs that is neither too theoretical nor too practical, it represents the perfect companion to a broad spectrum of courses.

This monograph presents in a unified manner the use of the Morse index, and especially its connections to the maximum principle, in the study of nonlinear elliptic equations. The knowledge or a bound on the Morse index of a solution is a very important qualitative information which can be used in several ways for different problems, in order to derive uniqueness, existence or nonexistence, symmetry, and other properties of solutions.

This monograph looks at several trends in the investigation of singular solutions of nonlinear elliptic and parabolic equations. It discusses results on the existence and properties of weak and entropy solutions for elliptic second-order equations and some classes of fourth-order equations with L1-data and questions on the removability of singularities of solutions to elliptic and parabolic second-order equations in divergence form. It looks at localized and nonlocalized singularly peaking boundary regimes for different classes of quasilinear parabolic second- and high-order equations in divergence form. The book will be useful for researchers and post-graduate students that specialize in the field of the theory of partial differential equations and nonlinear analysis. Contents: Foreword Part I: Nonlinear elliptic equations with L^1-data Nonlinear elliptic equations of the second order with L^1-data Nonlinear equations of the fourth order with strengthened coercivity and L^1-data Part II: Removability of singularities of the solutions of quasilinear elliptic and parabolic equations of the second order Removability of singularities of the solutions of quasilinear elliptic equations Removability of singularities of the solutions of quasilinear parabolic equations Quasilinear elliptic equations with coefficients from the Kato class Part III: Boundary regimes with peaking for quasilinear parabolic equations Energy methods for the investigation of localized regimes with peaking for parabolic second-order equations Method of functional inequalities in peaking regimes for parabolic equations of higher orders Nonlocalized regimes with singular peaking Appendix: Formulations and proofs of the auxiliary results Bibliography

This work will serve as an excellent first course in modern analysis. The main focus is on showing how self-similar solutions are useful in studying the behavior of solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations, especially those of parabolic type. This textbook will be an excellent resource for self-study or classroom use.

Variational Techniques for Elliptic Partial Differential Equations, intended for graduate students studying applied math, analysis, and/or numerical analysis, provides the necessary tools to understand the structure and solvability of elliptic partial differential equations. Beginning with the necessary definitions and theorems from distribution theory, the book gradually builds the functional analytic framework for studying elliptic PDE using variational formulations. Rather than introducing all of the prerequisites in the first chapters, it is the introduction of new problems which motivates the development of the associated analytical tools. In this way the student who is encountering this material for the first time will be aware of exactly what theory is needed, and for which problems. Features A detailed and rigorous development of the theory of Sobolev spaces on Lipschitz domains, including the trace operator and the normal component of vector fields An integration of functional analysis concepts involving Hilbert spaces and the problems which can be solved with these concepts, rather than separating the two Introduction to the analytical tools needed for physical problems of interest like time-harmonic waves, Stokes and Darcy flow, surface differential equations, Maxwell cavity problems, etc. A variety of problems which serve to reinforce and expand upon the material in each chapter, including applications in fluid and solid mechanics

The equations of mathematical physics are the mathematical models of the large class of phenomenon of physics, chemistry, biology, economics, etc. In Sequential Models of Mathematical Physics, the author considers the justification of the process of constructing mathematical models. The book seeks to determine the classic, generalized and sequential solutions, the relationship between these solutions, its direct physical sense, the methods of its practical finding, and its existence. Features Describes a sequential method based on the construction of space completion, as well as its applications in number theory, the theory of distributions, the theory of extremum, and mathematical physics Presentation of the material is carried out on the simplest example of a one-dimensional stationary heat transfer process; all necessary concepts and constructions are introduced and illustrated with elementary examples, which makes the material accessible to a wide area of readers The solution of a specific mathematical problem is obtained as a result of the joint application of methods and concepts from completely different mathematical directions

This book develops a systematic and rigorous mathematical theory of finite difference methods for linear elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic partial differential equations with nonsmooth solutions.
Finite difference methods are a classical class of techniques for the numerical approximation of partial differential equations. Traditionally, their convergence analysis presupposes the smoothness of the coefficients, source terms, initial and boundary data, and of the associated solution to the differential equation. This then enables the application of elementary analytical tools to explore their stability and accuracy. The assumptions on the smoothness of the data and of the associated analytical solution are however frequently unrealistic. There is a wealth of boundary - and initial - value problems, arising from various applications in physics and engineering, where the data and the corresponding solution exhibit lack of regularity.
In such instances classical techniques for the error analysis of finite difference schemes break down. The objective of this book is to develop the mathematical theory of finite difference schemes for linear partial differential equations with nonsmooth solutions.
"Analysis of Finite Difference Schemes" is aimed at researchers and graduate students interested in the mathematical theory of numerical methods for the approximate solution of partial differential equations.

This book provides a summary of the research conducted at UCLA, Stanford University, and UCSD over the last ?ve years in the area of nonlinear dyn- ics and chaos as applied to digital communications. At ?rst blush, the term "chaotic communications" seems like an oxymoron; how could something as precise and deterministic as digital communications be chaotic? But as this book will demonstrate, the application of chaos and nonlinear dynamicstocommunicationsprovidesmanypromisingnewdirectionsinareas of coding, nonlinear optical communications, and ultra-wideband commu- cations. The eleven chapters of the book summarize many of the promising new approaches that have been developed, and point the way to new research directions in this ?eld. Digital communications techniques have been continuously developed and re?ned for the past ?fty years to the point where today they form the heart of a multi-hundred billion dollar per year industry employing hundreds of thousands of people on a worldwide basis. There is a continuing need for transmission and reception of digital signals at higher and higher data rates. There are a variety of physical limits that place an upper limit on these data rates, and so the question naturally arises: are there alternative communi- tion techniques that can overcome some of these limitations? Most digital communications today is carried out using electronic devices that are essentially "linear," and linear system theory has been used to c- tinually re?ne their performance. In many cases, inherently nonlinear devices are linearized in order to achieve a certain level of linear system performance.

Morrey spaces were introduced by Charles Morrey to investigate the local behaviour of solutions to second order elliptic partial differential equations. The technique is very useful in many areas in mathematics, in particular in harmonic analysis, potential theory, partial differential equations and mathematical physics. Across two volumes, the authors of Morrey Spaces: Introduction and Applications to Integral Operators and PDE's discuss the current state of art and perspectives of developments of this theory of Morrey spaces, with the emphasis in Volume I focused mainly on harmonic analysis. Features Provides a 'from-scratch' overview of the topic readable by anyone with an understanding of integration theory Suitable for graduate students, masters course students, and researchers in PDE's or Geometry Replete with exercises and examples to aid the reader's understanding