Over the last few decades, research in elastic-plastic torsion theory, electrostatic screening, and rubber-like nonlinear elastomers has pointed the way to some interesting new classes of minimum problems for energy functionals of the calculus of variations. This advanced-level monograph addresses these issues by developing the framework of a general theory of integral representation, relaxation, and homogenization for unbounded functionals. The first part of the book builds the foundation for the general theory with concepts and tools from convex analysis, measure theory, and the theory of variational convergences. The authors then introduce some function spaces and explore some lower semicontinuity and minimization problems for energy functionals. Next, they survey some specific aspects the theory of standard functionals. The second half of the book carefully develops a theory of unbounded, translation invariant functionals that leads to results deeper than those already known, including unique extension properties, representation as integrals of the calculus of variations, relaxation theory, and homogenization processes. In this study, some new phenomena are pointed out. The authors' approach is unified and elegant, the text well written, and the results intriguing and useful, not just in various fields of mathematics, but also in a range of applied mathematics, physics, and material science disciplines.

Qualitative Estimates For Partial Differential Equations: An Introduction describes an approach to the use of partial differential equations (PDEs) arising in the modelling of physical phenomena. It treats a wide range of differential inequality techniques applicable to problems arising in engineering and the natural sciences, including fluid and solid mechanics, physics, dynamics, biology, and chemistry. The book begins with an elementary discussion of the fundamental principles of differential inequality techniques for PDEs arising in the solution of physical problems, and then shows how these are used in research. Qualitative Estimates For Partial Differential Equations: An Introduction is an ideal book for students, professors, lecturers, and researchers who need a comprehensive introduction to qualitative methods for PDEs arising in engineering and the natural sciences.

This Monograph contains a collection of problems arising in partial differential equations investigated by means of complex analysis approached in elementary ways.

CR Manifolds and the Tangential Cauchy Riemann Complex provides an elementary introduction to CR manifolds and the tangential Cauchy-Riemann Complex and presents some of the most important recent developments in the field. The first half of the book covers the basic definitions and background material concerning CR manifolds, CR functions, the tangential Cauchy-Riemann Complex and the Levi form. The second half of the book is devoted to two significant areas of current research. The first area is the holomorphic extension of CR functions. Both the analytic disc approach and the Fourier transform approach to this problem are presented. The second area of research is the integral kernal approach to the solvability of the tangential Cauchy-Riemann Complex. CR Manifolds and the Tangential Cauchy Riemann Complex will interest students and researchers in the field of several complex variable and partial differential equations.

Long employed in electrical engineering, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is now applied in a range of fields through the use of digital computers and fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms. But to correctly interpret DFT results, it is essential to understand the core and tools of Fourier analysis. Discrete and Continuous Fourier Transforms: Analysis, Applications and Fast Algorithms presents the fundamentals of Fourier analysis and their deployment in signal processing using DFT and FFT algorithms. This accessible, self-contained book provides meaningful interpretations of essential formulas in the context of applications, building a solid foundation for the application of Fourier analysis in the many diverging and continuously evolving areas in digital signal processing enterprises. It comprehensively covers the DFT of windowed sequences, various discrete convolution algorithms and their applications in digital filtering and filters, and many FFT algorithms unified under the frameworks of mixed-radix FFTs and prime factor FFTs. A large number of graphical illustrations and worked examples help explain the concepts and relationships from the very beginning of the text. Requiring no prior knowledge of Fourier analysis or signal processing, this book supplies the basis for using FFT algorithms to compute the DFT in a variety of application areas.

In most physical, chemical, biological and economic phenomena it is quite natural to assume that the system not only depends on the present state but also on past occurrences. These circumstances are mathematically described by partial differential equations with delay. This book presents, in a systematic fashion, how delay equations can be studied in Lp-history spaces. Appendices offering supplementary information and a comprehensive index make this book an ideal introduction and research tool for mathematicians, chemists, biologists and economists.

Complex analytical methods are a powerful tool for special partial differential equations and systems. To make these methods applicable for a wider class, transformations and transmutations are used.

Extremality results proved in this Monograph for an abstract operator equation provide the theoretical framework for developing new methods that allow the treatment of a variety of discontinuous initial and boundary value problems for both ordinary and partial differential equations, in explicit and implicit forms. By means of these extremality results, the authors prove the existence of extremal solutions between appropriate upper and lower solutions of first and second order discontinuous implicit and explicit ordinary and functional differential equations. They then study the dependence of these extremal solutions on the data. The authors begin by developing an existence theory for an abstract operator equation in ordered spaces and offer new tools for dealing with different kinds of discontinuous implicit and explicit differential equation problems. They present a unified approach to the existence of extremal solutions of quasilinear elliptic and parabolic problems and extend the upper and lower solution method to elliptic and parabolic inclusion of hemivariation type using variational and nonvariational methods. Nonlinear Differential Equations in Ordered Spaces includes research that appears for the first time in book form and is designed as a source book for pure and applied mathematicians. Its self-contained presentation along with numerous worked examples and complete, detailed proofs also make it accessible to researchers in engineering as well as advanced students in these fields.

"Provides a thorough introduction to the algebraic theory of systems of differential equations, as developed by the Japanese school of M. Sato and his colleagues. Features a complete review of hyperfunction-microfunction theory and the theory of D-modules. Strikes the perfect balance between analytic and algebraic aspects."

This monograph provides the theoretical foundations needed for the construction of fundamental solutions and fundamental matrices of (systems of) linear partial differential equations. Many illustrative examples also show techniques for finding such solutions in terms of integrals. Particular attention is given to developing the fundamentals of distribution theory, accompanied by calculations of fundamental solutions. The main part of the book deals with existence theorems and uniqueness criteria, the method of parameter integration, the investigation of quasihyperbolic systems by means of Fourier and Laplace transforms, and the representation of fundamental solutions of homogeneous elliptic operators with the help of Abelian integrals. In addition to rigorous distributional derivations and verifications of fundamental solutions, the book also shows how to construct fundamental solutions (matrices) of many physically relevant operators (systems), in elasticity, thermoelasticity, hexagonal/cubic elastodynamics, for Maxwell's system and others. The book mainly addresses researchers and lecturers who work with partial differential equations. However, it also offers a valuable resource for students with a solid background in vector calculus, complex analysis and functional analysis.

The book contains seven survey papers about ordinary differential equations.
The common feature of all papers consists in the fact that nonlinear equations are focused on. This reflects the situation in modern mathematical modelling - nonlinear mathematical models are more realistic and describe the real world problems more accurately. The implications are that new methods and approaches have to be looked for, developed and adopted in order to understand and solve nonlinear ordinary differential equations.
The purpose of this volume is to inform the mathematical community and also other scientists interested in and using the mathematical apparatus of ordinary differential equations, about some of these methods and possible applications.

Combining mathematical theory, physical principles, and engineering problems, Generalized Calculus with Applications to Matter and Forces examines generalized functions, including the Heaviside unit jump and the Dirac unit impulse and its derivatives of all orders, in one and several dimensions. The text introduces the two main approaches to generalized functions: (1) as a nonuniform limit of a family of ordinary functions, and (2) as a functional over a set of test functions from which properties are inherited. The second approach is developed more extensively to encompass multidimensional generalized functions whose arguments are ordinary functions of several variables. As part of a series of books for engineers and scientists exploring advanced mathematics, Generalized Calculus with Applications to Matter and Forces presents generalized functions from an applied point of view, tackling problem classes such as: Gauss and Stokes' theorems in the differential geometry, tensor calculus, and theory of potential fields Self-adjoint and non-self-adjoint problems for linear differential equations and nonlinear problems with large deformations Multipolar expansions and Green's functions for elastic strings and bars, potential and rotational flow, electro- and magnetostatics, and more This third volume in the series Mathematics and Physics for Science and Technology is designed to complete the theory of functions and its application to potential fields, relating generalized functions to broader follow-on topics like differential equations. Featuring step-by-step examples with interpretations of results and discussions of assumptions and their consequences, Generalized Calculus with Applications to Matter and Forces enables readers to construct mathematical-physical models suited to new observations or novel engineering devices.

Volume IV of the series "Mathematics and Physics Applied to Science and Technology," this comprehensive six-book set covers: Linear Differential Equations and Oscillators Non-linear Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems Higher-order Differential Equations and Elasticity Simultaneous Systems of Differential Equations and Multi-dimensional Oscillators Singular Differential Equations and Special Functions Classification and Examples of Differential Equations and their Applications

The book could be a good companion for any graduate student in partial differential equations or in applied mathematics. Each chapter brings indeed new ideas and new techniques which can be used in these fields. The differents chapters can be read independently and are of great pedagogical value. The advanced researcher will find along the book the most recent achievements in various fields.
.Independent chapters
.Most recent advances in each fields
.Hight didactic quality
.Self contained
.Excellence of the contributors
.Wide range of topics

This monograph is devoted to the global existence, uniqueness and asymptotic behaviour of smooth solutions to both initial value problems and initial boundary value problems for nonlinear parabolic equations and hyperbolic parabolic coupled systems. Most of the material is based on recent research carried out by the author and his collaborators. The book can be divided into two parts. In the first part, the results on decay of solutions to nonlinear parabolic equations and hyperbolic parabolic coupled systems are obtained, and a chapter is devoted to the global existence of small smooth solutions to fully nonlinear parabolic equations and quasilinear hyperbolic parabolic coupled systems. Applications of the results to nonlinear thermoelasticity and fluid dynamics are also shown. Some nonlinear parabolic equations and coupled systems arising from the study of phase transitions are investigated in the second part of the book. The global existence, uniqueness and asymptotic behaviour of smooth solutions with arbitrary initial data are obtained. The final chapter is further devoted to related topics: multiplicity of equilibria and the existence of a global attractor, inertial manifold and inertial set. A knowledge of partial differential equations and Sobolev spaces is assumed. As an aid to the reader, the related concepts and results are collected and the relevant references given in the first chapter. The work will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in pure and applied mathematics, mathematical physics and applied sciences.

Inverse boundary problems are a rapidly developing area of applied mathematics with applications throughout physics and the engineering sciences. However, the mathematical theory of inverse problems remains incomplete and needs further development to aid in the solution of many important practical problems. Inverse Boundary Spectral Problems develop a rigorous theory for solving several types of inverse problems exactly. In it, the authors consider the following: "Can the unknown coefficients of an elliptic partial differential equation be determined from the eigenvalues and the boundary values of the eigenfunctions?" Along with this problem, many inverse problems for heat and wave equations are solved. The authors approach inverse problems in a coordinate invariant way, that is, by applying ideas drawn from differential geometry. To solve them, they apply methods of Riemannian geometry, modern control theory, and the theory of localized wave packets, also known as Gaussian beams. The treatment includes the relevant background of each of these areas. Although the theory of inverse boundary spectral problems has been in development for at least 10 years, until now the literature has been scattered throughout various journals. This self-contained monograph summarizes the relevant concepts and the techniques useful for dealing with them.

For computer scientists, especially those in the security field, the use of chaos has been limited to the computation of a small collection of famous but unsuitable maps that offer no explanation of why chaos is relevant in the considered contexts. Discrete Dynamical Systems and Chaotic Machines: Theory and Applications shows how to make finite machines, such as computers, neural networks, and wireless sensor networks, work chaotically as defined in a rigorous mathematical framework. Taking into account that these machines must interact in the real world, the authors share their research results on the behaviors of discrete dynamical systems and their use in computer science. Covering both theoretical and practical aspects, the book presents: Key mathematical and physical ideas in chaos theory Computer science fundamentals, clearly establishing that chaos properties can be satisfied by finite state machines Concrete applications of chaotic machines in computer security, including pseudorandom number generators, hash functions, digital watermarking, and steganography Concrete applications of chaotic machines in wireless sensor networks, including secure data aggregation and video surveillance Until the authors' recent research, the practical implementation of the mathematical theory of chaos on finite machines raised several issues. This self-contained book illustrates how chaos theory enables the study of computer security problems, such as steganalysis, that otherwise could not be tackled. It also explains how the theory reinforces existing cryptographically secure tools and schemes.

The analysis and topology of elliptic operators on manifolds with singularities are much more complicated than in the smooth case and require completely new mathematical notions and theories. While there has recently been much progress in the field, many of these results have remained scattered in journals and preprints. Starting from an elementary level and finishing with the most recent results, this book gives a systematic exposition of both analytical and topological aspects of elliptic theory on manifolds with singularities. The presentation includes a review of the main techniques of the theory of elliptic equations, offers a comparative analysis of various approaches to differential equations on manifolds with singularities, and devotes considerable attention to applications of the theory. These include Sobolev problems, theorems of Atiyah-Bott-Lefschetz type, and proofs of index formulas for elliptic operators and problems on manifolds with singularities, including the authors' new solution to the index problem for manifolds with nonisolated singularities. A glossary, numerous illustrations, and many examples help readers master the subject. Clear exposition, up-to-date coverage, and accessibility-even at the advanced undergraduate level-lay the groundwork for continuing studies and further advances in the field.

This important new book sets forth a comprehensive description of various mathematical aspects of problems originating in numerical solution of hyperbolic systems of partial differential equations. The authors present the material in the context of the important mechanical applications of such systems, including the Euler equations of gas dynamics, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), shallow water, and solid dynamics equations. This treatment provides-for the first time in book form-a collection of recipes for applying higher-order non-oscillatory shock-capturing schemes to MHD modelling of physical phenomena. The authors also address a number of original "nonclassical" problems, such as shock wave propagation in rods and composite materials, ionization fronts in plasma, and electromagnetic shock waves in magnets. They show that if a small-scale, higher-order mathematical model results in oscillations of the discontinuity structure, the variety of admissible discontinuities can exhibit disperse behavior, including some with additional boundary conditions that do not follow from the hyperbolic conservation laws. Nonclassical problems are accompanied by a multiple nonuniqueness of solutions. The authors formulate several selection rules, which in some cases easily allow a correct, physically realizable choice. This work systematizes methods for overcoming the difficulties inherent in the solution of hyperbolic systems. Its unique focus on applications, both traditional and new, makes Mathematical Aspects of Numerical Solution of Hyperbolic Systems particularly valuable not only to those interested the development of numerical methods, but to physicists and engineers who strive to solve increasingly complicated nonlinear equations.

Are some areas of fast Fourier transforms still unclear to you? Do the notation and vocabulary seem inconsistent? Does your knowledge of their algorithmic aspects feel incomplete? The fast Fourier transform represents one of the most important advancements in scientific and engineering computing. Until now, however, treatments have been either brief, cryptic, intimidating, or not published in the open literature. Inside the FFT Black Box brings the numerous and varied ideas together in a common notational framework, clarifying vague FFT concepts. Examples and diagrams explain algorithms completely, with consistent notation. This approach connects the algorithms explicitly to the underlying mathematics. Reviews and explanations of FFT ideas taken from engineering, mathematics, and computer science journals teach the computational techniques relevant to FFT. Two appendices familiarize readers with the design and analysis of computer algorithms, as well. This volume employs a unified and systematic approach to FFT. It closes the gap between brief textbook introductions and intimidating treatments in the FFT literature. Inside the FFT Black Box provides an up-to-date, self-contained guide for learning the FFT and the multitude of ideas and computing techniques it employs.

Stable solutions are ubiquitous in differential equations. They represent meaningful solutions from a physical point of view and appear in many applications, including mathematical physics (combustion, phase transition theory) and geometry (minimal surfaces). Stable Solutions of Elliptic Partial Differential Equations offers a self-contained presentation of the notion of stability in elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs). The central questions of regularity and classification of stable solutions are treated at length. Specialists will find a summary of the most recent developments of the theory, such as nonlocal and higher-order equations. For beginners, the book walks you through the fine versions of the maximum principle, the standard regularity theory for linear elliptic equations, and the fundamental functional inequalities commonly used in this field. The text also includes two additional topics: the inverse-square potential and some background material on submanifolds of Euclidean space.

Modeling and Inverse Problems in the Presence of Uncertainty collects recent research-including the authors' own substantial projects-on uncertainty propagation and quantification. It covers two sources of uncertainty: where uncertainty is present primarily due to measurement errors and where uncertainty is present due to the modeling formulation itself. After a useful review of relevant probability and statistical concepts, the book summarizes mathematical and statistical aspects of inverse problem methodology, including ordinary, weighted, and generalized least-squares formulations. It then discusses asymptotic theories, bootstrapping, and issues related to the evaluation of correctness of assumed form of statistical models. The authors go on to present methods for evaluating and comparing the validity of appropriateness of a collection of models for describing a given data set, including statistically based model selection and comparison techniques. They also explore recent results on the estimation of probability distributions when they are embedded in complex mathematical models and only aggregate (not individual) data are available. In addition, they briefly discuss the optimal design of experiments in support of inverse problems for given models. The book concludes with a focus on uncertainty in model formulation itself, covering the general relationship of differential equations driven by white noise and the ones driven by colored noise in terms of their resulting probability density functions. It also deals with questions related to the appropriateness of discrete versus continuum models in transitions from small to large numbers of individuals. With many examples throughout addressing problems in physics, biology, and other areas, this book is intended for applied mathematicians interested in deterministic and/or stochastic models and their interactions. It is also s

Line Integral Methods for Conservative Problems explains the numerical solution of differential equations within the framework of geometric integration, a branch of numerical analysis that devises numerical methods able to reproduce (in the discrete solution) relevant geometric properties of the continuous vector field. The book focuses on a large set of differential systems named conservative problems, particularly Hamiltonian systems. Assuming only basic knowledge of numerical quadrature and Runge-Kutta methods, this self-contained book begins with an introduction to the line integral methods. It describes numerous Hamiltonian problems encountered in a variety of applications and presents theoretical results concerning the main instance of line integral methods: the energy-conserving Runge-Kutta methods, also known as Hamiltonian boundary value methods (HBVMs). The authors go on to address the implementation of HBVMs in order to recover in the numerical solution what was expected from the theory. The book also covers the application of HBVMs to handle the numerical solution of Hamiltonian partial differential equations (PDEs) and explores extensions of the energy-conserving methods. With many examples of applications, this book provides an accessible guide to the subject yet gives you enough details to allow concrete use of the methods. MATLAB codes for implementing the methods are available online.

To help solve physical and engineering problems, mimetic or compatible algebraic discretization methods employ discrete constructs to mimic the continuous identities and theorems found in vector calculus. Mimetic Discretization Methods focuses on the recent mimetic discretization method co-developed by the first author. Based on the Castillo-Grone operators, this simple mimetic discretization method is invariably valid for spatial dimensions no greater than three. The book also presents a numerical method for obtaining corresponding discrete operators that mimic the continuum differential and flux-integral operators, enabling the same order of accuracy in the interior as well as the domain boundary. After an overview of various mimetic approaches and applications, the text discusses the use of continuum mathematical models as a way to motivate the natural use of mimetic methods. The authors also offer basic numerical analysis material, making the book suitable for a course on numerical methods for solving PDEs. The authors cover mimetic differential operators in one, two, and three dimensions and provide a thorough introduction to object-oriented programming and C++. In addition, they describe how their mimetic methods toolkit (MTK)-available online-can be used for the computational implementation of mimetic discretization methods. The text concludes with the application of mimetic methods to structured nonuniform meshes as well as several case studies. Compiling the authors' many concepts and results developed over the years, this book shows how to obtain a robust numerical solution of PDEs using the mimetic discretization approach. It also helps readers compare alternative methods in the literature.

The mathematical analysis of contact problems, with or without friction, is an area where progress depends heavily on the integration of pure and applied mathematics. This book presents the state of the art in the mathematical analysis of unilateral contact problems with friction, along with a major part of the analysis of dynamic contact problems without friction. Much of this monograph emerged from the authors' research activities over the past 10 years and deals with an approach proven fruitful in many situations. Starting from thin estimates of possible solutions, this approach is based on an approximation of the problem and the proof of a moderate partial regularity of the solution to the approximate problem. This in turn makes use of the shift (or translation) technique - an important yet often overlooked tool for contact problems and other nonlinear problems with limited regularity. The authors pay careful attention to quantification and precise results to get optimal bounds in sufficient conditions for existence theorems. Unilateral Contact Problems: Variational Methods and Existence Theorems a valuable resource for scientists involved in the analysis of contact problems and for engineers working on the numerical approximation of contact problems. Self-contained and thoroughly up to date, it presents a complete collection of the available results and techniques for the analysis of unilateral contact problems and builds the background required for further research on more complex problems in this area.