A theft amounting to GBP1 was a capital offence in 1260 and a judge in 1610 affirmed the law could not then be applied since GBP1 was no longer what it was. Such association of money with a date is well recognized for its importance in very many connections. Thus arises the need to know how to convert an amount at one date into the right amount at another date: in other words, a price index. The longstanding question concerning how such an index should be constructed is known as 'The Index Number Problem'. The ordinary consumer price index represents a practical response to this need. However the search for a true price index has given rise to extensive thought and theory to which an impressive number of economists have each contributed a word, or volume. However, there have been hold-ups at a basic level, which are addressed in this book. The approach brings the subject into involvement with utility construction on the basis of finite data, in a form referred to as 'Afriat's Theorem' but now with utility subject to constant (and also possibly approximate) returns.

This definitive textbook provides a solid introduction to discrete and continuous stochastic processes, tackling a complex field in a way that instils a deep understanding of the relevant mathematical principles, and develops an intuitive grasp of the way these principles can be applied to modelling real-world systems. It includes a careful review of elementary probability and detailed coverage of Poisson, Gaussian and Markov processes with richly varied queuing applications. The theory and applications of inference, hypothesis testing, estimation, random walks, large deviations, martingales and investments are developed. Written by one of the world's leading information theorists, evolving over twenty years of graduate classroom teaching and enriched by over 300 exercises, this is an exceptional resource for anyone looking to develop their understanding of stochastic processes.

Renommierte Wissenschaftler und Autoren aus der Praxis informieren uber moderne Organisations- und Koordinationsformen zur kernkompetenzunterstutzenden Bereitstellung von Services im Konzern, um Ressourcen zu bundeln, Bereitstellungskosten zu reduzieren, Kostentransparenz zu erhohen sowie das Qualitatsniveau zu vereinheitlichen. Die 2. Auflage wurde uberarbeitet und um neue Themen wie Controlling und Risikomanagementaspekte erweitert."

Das Buch behandelt die Anlage und Auswertung von Versuchen fur stetigen normalverteilten Response, fur stetigen Response auf der Basis von Rangdaten, fur kategorialen, insb. binaren Response auf der Basis loglinearer Modelle und fur kategorialen korrelierten Response auf der Basis von Marginalmodellen und symmetrischen Regressionsmodellen.
Eine Reihe von fur die Anwendungen wichtigen Modellen sind enthalten: wie faktorielle Experimente, Cross-over Design, Repeated Measures Design und kategorialer Response in Clustern. Das Buch ist als Lehrmaterial fur die Statistik und Biometrie und als Grundlage fur die Anwendung der Versuchsplanung in Medizin, Zahnmedizin, Soziologie, den Biowissenschaften und der Pharmaindustrie angelegt."

Business Statistics using Excel offers a comprehensive introduction to the subject of statistics and equips students with the tools and skills that will enable them to approach their course with confidence. The step-by-step methods are accompanied by illustrative Excel screenshots to provide clear and helpful explanations of the techniques you will need when applying Excel skills to business statistics. The text is designed for a typical one semester business statistics course and each chapter is packed with exercises to engage students and encourage self-assessment. This second edition has been fully revised to include an online refresher course in numerical skills and Microsoft Excel to reinforce students' confidence in their mathematical ability, or to check for basic maths knowledge if it has been some time since they studied it. The table of contents has been revised to more accurately map to a typical one semester Business Statistics course. More focus has been given to employability skills and the authors draw parallels between textbook content and employability skills, enabling students to contextualise their learning and identify how these skills can be applied and valued in real business environments. A wealth of pedagogical features have been integrated to ensure plenty of examples are used throughout as well as running 'techniques in practice' exercises at the end of each chapter. This textbook is accompanied by an extensive Online Resource Centre which offers a range of additional resources for both students and lecturers. Online Resource Centre Student resources: Introduction to Microsoft Excel 2010 Self-test Multiple Choice Questions Data from the exercises in the book Key websites Online Glossary Revision tips Visual walkthroughs Numerical skills workbook Lecturer resources: Instructor's Manual: Guide to structuring lectures and seminars Worked-out answers to exercises in the book PowerPoint slides Testbank: 30 Questions per chapter Assignment Questions Examination questions

Es gibt nur wenige Konzepte und Methoden, die so machtig, aber auch so gefahrlich und so oft unverstanden sind wie statistische Fachbegriffe und Verfahren. Dabei sind sie fur den Eingeweihten eigentlich ganz einfach und logisch. Dieses Buch will Ihnen helfen, AEngste und Vorurteile abzubauen und Ihnen Gefuhl und Verstandnis fur die Statistik und ihre Methoden vermitteln. Anschaulich und praxistauglich stellt das Werk die statistischen Grundlagen fur die Bachelor-Ausbildung dar. Zahlreiche Aufgaben und Loesungen vertiefen den Lernstoff.

The small sample properties of estimators and tests are frequently too complex to be useful or are unknown. Much econometric theory is therefore developed for very large or asymptotic samples where it is assumed that the behaviour of estimators and tests will adequately represent their properties in small samples. Refined asymptotic methods adopt an intermediate position by providing improved approximations to small sample behaviour using asymptotic expansions. Dedicated to the memory of Michael Magdalinos, whose work is a major contribution to this area, this book contains chapters directly concerned with refined asymptotic methods. In addition, there are chapters focusing on new asymptotic results; the exploration through simulation of the small sample behaviour of estimators and tests in panel data models; and improvements in methodology. With contributions from leading econometricians, this collection will be essential reading for researchers and graduate students concerned with the use of asymptotic methods in econometric analysis.

Dieses Buch ermoglicht eine Vertiefung grundlegender Begriffe und Verfahren zu den Themen Statistik und Datenanalyse und ist ein unverzichtbarer Begleiter zum Selbststudium und zur Prufungsvorbereitung. Es enthalt zahlreiche Ubungsaufgaben,
komplette Klausuren und ausfuhrliche Losungen. Nahezu alle Aufgaben stellen dabei realistische Problemstellungen und Anwendungsbereiche dar. Die Klausuren zeigen neben Zeitvorgaben und Losungen auch die Punkteverteilungen der einzelnen Aufgaben, um eine entsprechende Leistungseinstufung vornehmen zu konnen.
"

Human beings are competitive. We want to know who is the strongest, who is the richest, and who is the cleverest of all. Some situations, like ranking people based on height, can be ranked in objective ways. However, many "Top Ten" lists are based on subjective categorization and give only the illusion of objectivity. In fact, we don't always want to be seen objectively since we don't mind having a better image or rank than deserved. Ranking: The Unwritten Rules of the Social Game We All Play applies scientific theories to everyday experience by raising and answering questions like: Are college ranking lists objective? How do we rank and rate countries based on their fragility, level of corruption, or even happiness? How do we find the most relevant web pages? How are employees ranked? This book is for people who have a neighbor with a fancier car; employees, who are being ranked by their supervisors; managers, who are involved in ranking but may have qualms about the process; businesspeople interested in creating better visibility for their companies; scientists, writers, artists, and other competitors who would like to see themselves at the top of a success list; or college students who are just preparing to enter a new phase of social competition. Readers will engage in an intellectual adventure to better understand the difficulties of navigating between objectivity and subjectivity and to better identify and modify their place in real and virtual communities by combining human and computational intelligence. Translation editions available in German, Korean, Japanese, Complex Chinese, and Simplified Chinese.

How can organizations ensure that they can get best value for money in their procurement decisions? How can they stimulate innovations from their dedicated suppliers? With contributions from leading academics and professionals, this 2006 handbook offers expert guidance on the fundamental aspects of successful procurement design and management in firms, public administrations, and international institutions. The issues addressed include the management of dynamic procurement; the handling of procurement risk; the architecture of purchasing systems; the structure of incentives in procurement contracts; methods to increase suppliers' participation in procurement contests and e-procurement platforms; how to minimize the risk of collusion and of corruption; pricing and reputation mechanisms in e-procurement platforms; and how procurement can enhance innovation. Inspired by frontier research, it provides practical recommendations to managers, engineers and lawyers engaged in private and public procurement design.

Anhand vieler Praxisbeispiele aus den Wirtschaftswissenschaften bietet dieses Buch einen praktischen Einstieg in die Lineare Optimierung. Dabei werden dem Leser insbesondere die zugrunde liegenden Ideen nahe vermittelt. Zu den zahlreichen Aufgaben werden ausfuhrliche Musterlosungen angeboten. Daruber hinaus helfen Ihnen die Beispielklausuren bei der gezielten Vorbereitung auf Klausuren."

Dieses Lehr- und Ubungsbuch richtet sich an alle Studierenden, die das Fach Statistik im Studienplan haben. Es umfasst die Themen "deskriptive Statistik," "Kombinatorik und Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung" sowie "induktive Statistik." Es hilft dabei, Prufungen bestmoglichst zu bestehen. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, werden die wichtigsten Formeln moglichst unkompliziert vorgestellt und an Hand ausfuhrlicher Beispiele erlautert. Rund 100 Ubungsaufgaben mit unterschiedlichem Schwierigkeitsgrad bieten die Moglichkeit, erworbenes Wissen anzuwenden und den Kenntnisstand zu uberprufen. Fur alle Aufgaben werden im Anhang nachvollziehbare Schritt-fur-Schritt-Losungen und viele praktische Tipps angeboten"

Diese Einfuhrung beschreibt erstmals klassische Regressionsansatze und moderne nicht- und semiparametrische Methoden in einer integrierten, einheitlichen und anwendungsorientierten Form. Die Darstellung wendet sich an Studierende der Statistik in Wahl- und Hauptfach sowie an empirisch-statistisch und interdisziplinar arbeitende Wissenschaftler und Praktiker, zum Beispiel in Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften, Bioinformatik, Biostatistik, OEkonometrie und Epidemiologie. Die praktische Anwendung der vorgestellten Konzepte und Methoden wird anhand ausfuhrlich vorgestellter Fallstudien demonstriert, um Lesern die Analyse eigener Fragestellungen zu ermoeglichen.

Software-as-a-Service ist eines der meistdiskutierten Themen im IT-Umfeld. Was verbirgt sich hinter dem Hype? Wo liegen Chancen und Risiken fur Unternehmen und Berater? Antworten auf diese Fragen geben namhafte Autoren aus Wissenschaft und Praxis.

Unternehmen koennen notwendige Entwicklungsarbeiten an Anwendungssystemen durch eigene Mitarbeiter erbringen oder externe Dienstleister beauftragen (Make or Buy). Bjoern Brandt entwickelt eine Systematik von Make-or-Buy-Entscheidungen und stellt dar, welche Kriterien bei der Partnerwahl zugrunde liegen.

This is a concise and elementary introduction to stochastic control and mathematical modelling. This book is designed for researchers in stochastic control theory studying its application in mathematical economics and those in economics who are interested in mathematical theory in control. It is also a good guide for graduate students studying applied mathematics, mathematical economics, and non-linear PDE theory. Contents include the basics of analysis and probability, the theory of stochastic differential equations, variational problems, problems in optimal consumption and in optimal stopping, optimal pollution control, and solving the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation with boundary conditions. Major mathematical prerequisites are contained in the preliminary chapters or in the appendix so that readers can proceed without referring to other materials.

Ausgehend von den Grundbegriffen der Statistik beschreiben die Autoren die Herangehensweise an die Datenerfassung und die verschiedenen Darstellungsmoglichkeiten der erfassten Daten. Die Methoden der Datenanalyse und die damit verbundene Komprimierung von Informationen werden anhand der statistischen Masszahlen, der Verhaltnis- und Indexzahlen und der Zeitreihenanalyse erlautert. Zahlreiche Beispiele und Fragen mit Musterlosungen machen die Zusammenhange klar. Weitere Aufgaben mit ausfuhrlichen Losungen unterstutzen bei der Umsetzung des Wissens.
Fur die 8. Auflage wurde der aktuelle Verbraucherpreisindex angepasst.
Erganzend zu dieser deskriptiven Statistik liegt von den Autoren auch ein Werk zur induktiven Statistik mit dem Titel "Grundlagen statistischer Wahrscheinlichkeiten" vor.
"

Negli ultimi dieci anni ca (TM)A] stata una (TM)ampia fase della (TM)innovazione tecnologica che ha portato alla diffusione di grandi quantitA di dati in diversi campi applicativi. Le aziende in primo luogo hanno a disposizione moltissimi elementi informativi riguardanti i loro clienti, ma anche nella medicina, nella genetica, nella biologia, e in molti altri ambienti applicativi sono ora a disposizioni grandi masse di dati. Tale realtA porta con sA(c) la necessitA di sviluppare e conoscere nuovi strumenti di analisi statistica.

In questo contesto molti strumenti e metodi di analisi hanno origini diverse, in particolare dalla statistica e dal machine learning, ma condividono molti aspetti. Questo libro descrive i concetti piA importanti di queste aree in una (TM)impostazione unificata. Seppure la (TM)approccio sia statistico, la (TM)enfasi A] sui concetti piuttosto che sulla formulazione matematica.

Vengono presentati molti esempi corredati da una (TM)ampia varietA di illustrazioni grafiche. Il libro dovrebbe quindi costituire un utile strumento per gli statistici e per chiunque altro A] interessato al data mining sia nel mondo aziendale che in quello scientifico.

For one- or-two-semester courses in business statistics. Give students the statistical foundation to hone their analysis skills for real-world decisions Basic Business Statistics helps students see the essential role that statistics will play in their future careers by using examples drawn from all functional areas of real-world business. Guided by principles set forth by ASA's Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction (GAISE) reports and the authors' diverse teaching experiences, the text continues to innovate and improve the way this course is taught to students. The 14th Edition includes new and updated resources and tools to enhance students' understanding, and provides the best framework for learning statistical concepts.

Running Regressions introduces first-year social science undergraduates, particularly those studying economics and business, to the practical aspects of simple regression analysis, without adopting an esoteric, mathematical approach. It shows that statistical analysis can be simultaneously straightforward, useful and interesting, and can deal with topical, real-world issues. Each chapter introduces an economic theory or idea by relating it to an issue of topical interest, and explains how data and econometric analysis can be used to test it. The book can be used as a self-standing text or to supplement conventional econometric texts. It is also ideally suited as a guide to essays and project work.

Running Regressions introduces first-year social science undergraduates, particularly those studying economics and business, to the practical aspects of simple regression analysis, without adopting an esoteric, mathematical approach. It shows that statistical analysis can be simultaneously straightforward, useful and interesting, and can deal with topical, real-world issues. Each chapter introduces an economic theory or idea by relating it to an issue of topical interest, and explains how data and econometric analysis can be used to test it. The book can be used as a self-standing text or to supplement conventional econometric texts. It is also ideally suited as a guide to essays and project work.

In diesem Buch werden die methodischen Grundlagen von Planungs- und Kontrollsystemen sowie von Informationssystemen im engeren Sinn (Fuhrungsinformationssysteme, Management-Informationssysteme, Business-Intelligence-Systeme, Online-Analytical-Processing-Systeme) systematisch und kompakt aufbereitet. Ein deutlicher Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Darstellung der Informationsinhalte. Die Autoren vermitteln einen Uberblick zu allen wichtigen betrieblichen Funktionsbereichen sowie zu funktions- und prozessubergreifenden Themen. Zu allen Bereichen finden sich aktuelle Beispiele, etwa zur Balanced-Scorecard-Methodik, zu einem Redaktions-Leitstand fur die Unternehmensfuhrung, zu Systemen zur Integration von Marktforschungs- und Controllingdaten, zur Analyse der Fertigungslogistik oder zum Beschwerdemanagement. Bei der Auswahl der Praxisbeispiele berucksichtigen die Autoren die starke Verbreitung von SAP-Systemen.
Fur die 10. Auflage wurden die Praxisbeispiele sowie die Kapitel zur Gestaltung von Berichten und zur Kategorisierung der typischen Fuhrungsinformationen auf den neuesten Stand gebracht.

"

This substantial volume has two principal objectives. First it provides an overview of the statistical foundations of Simulation-based inference. This includes the summary and synthesis of the many concepts and results extant in the theoretical literature, the different classes of problems and estimators, the asymptotic properties of these estimators, as well as descriptions of the different simulators in use. Second, the volume provides empirical and operational examples of SBI methods. Often what is missing, even in existing applied papers, are operational issues. Which simulator works best for which problem and why? This volume will explicitly address the important numerical and computational issues in SBI which are not covered comprehensively in the existing literature. Examples of such issues are: comparisons with existing tractable methods, number of replications needed for robust results, choice of instruments, simulation noise and bias as well as efficiency loss in practice.

This book describes the classical axiomatic theories of decision under uncertainty, as well as critiques thereof and alternative theories. It focuses on the meaning of probability, discussing some definitions and surveying their scope of applicability. The behavioral definition of subjective probability serves as a way to present the classical theories, culminating in Savage's theorem. The limitations of this result as a definition of probability lead to two directions first, similar behavioral definitions of more general theories, such as non-additive probabilities and multiple priors, and second, cognitive derivations based on case-based techniques.