Energy Conversion and Green Energy Storage presents recent developments in renewable energy conversion and green energy storage. Covering technical expansions in renewable energy and applications, energy storage, and solar photovoltaics, the book features chapters written by global experts in the field. Providing insights related to various forms of renewable energy, the book discusses developments in solar photovoltaic applications. The book also includes simulation codes and programs, such as Wien2k code, VASP code, and MATLAB (R). The book serves as a useful reference for researchers, graduate students, and engineers in the field of energy.

Covers the analytical and numerical modelling of wave energy converter technologies Accesible to advanced students as well as specialist engineers. Uniquely explains a series of practical devices and systems

Unregulated distributed energy sources such as solar roofs and windmills and electric vehicle requirements for intermittent battery charging are variable sources either of electricity generation or demand. These sources impose additional intermittent load on conventional electric power systems. As a result thermal power plants whose generation is absolutely essential for any power system are increasingly being used for cycling operations thus increasing greenhouse gas emissions and electricity cost. The use of secondary energy storage might be a solution. Various technologies for storing electric energy are available; besides electrochemical ones such as batteries, there are mechanical, chemical and thermal means, all with their own advantages and disadvantages regarding scale, efficiency, cost, and other parameters. This classic book is a trusted source of information and a comprehensive guide to the various types of secondary storage systems and choice of their types and parameters. It is also an introduction to the multidisciplinary problem of distributed energy storage integration in an electric power system comprising renewable energy sources and electric car battery swap and charging stations. The 3rd edition has been thoroughly revised, expanded and updated. All given data has been updated, and chapters have been added that review different types of renewables and consider the possibilities arising from integrating a combination of different storage technologies into a system. Coverage of distributed energy storage, smart grids, and EV charging has been included and additional examples have been provided. The book is chiefly aimed at students of electrical and power engineering and design and research engineers concerned with the logistics of power supply. It will also be valuable to general public seeking to develop environmentally sound energy resources.

In light of increasing human-induced global climate change, there is a greater need for clean energy resources and zero carbon projects. This new volume offers up-to-date coverage of the fundamentals as well as recent advancements in energy efficient thermal energy storage materials, their characterization, and technological applications. Thermal energy storage (TES) systems offer very high-energy savings for many of our day-to-day applications and could be a strong component for enhancing the usage of renewable/clean energy-based devices. Because of its beneficial environmental impact, this technology has received wide attention in the recent past, and dedicated research efforts have led to the development of novel materials, as well to innovative applications in very many fields, ranging from buildings to textile, healthcare to agriculture, space to automobiles. This book offers a valuable and informed systematic treatment of latent heat-based thermal energy storage systems, covering current energy research and important developmental work.

Focusses on applications of expert systems for microgrid control Explores microgrid applications for power networks and applications of expert technologies Reviews design and development technologies related to renewable energy for a weak power network Discusses cybersecurity for microgrids Includes case studies related to actual developments and research

The latest volume in the well-established AMN series, this ready reference provides an up-to-date, self-contained summary of recent developments in the technologies and systems for thermoelectricity. Following an initial chapter that introduces the fundamentals and principles of thermoelectricity, subsequent chapters discuss the synthesis and integration of various bulk thermoelectric as well as nanostructured materials. The book then goes on to discuss characterization techniques, including various light and mechanic microscopy techniques, while also summarizing applications for thermoelectric materials, such as micro- and nano-thermoelectric generators, wearable electronics and energy conversion devices. The result is a bridge between industry and scientific researchers seeking to develop thermoelectric generators.

Highlights Li-ion batteries and Na-ion batteries, as well as lithium sulfur-, aluminum-, and iron-related batteries Describes advanced battery materials and their fundamental properties Addresses challenges to improving battery performance Develops theoretical predictions and experimental observations under a unified quasi-particle framework Targets core issues like stability and efficiencies

Metal oxide nanoparticles exhibit potential applications in energy and environmental fields, such as solar cells, fuel cells, hydrogen energy, and energy storage devices. This book covers all points from synthesis, properties, and applications of transition metal oxide nanoparticle materials in energy storage and conversion devices. Aimed at graduate-level students and researchers associated with the energy and environment sector, this book addresses the application of nontoxic and environmentally friendly metal oxide materials for a clean environment and deals with synthesis properties and application metal oxides materials for energy conversion, energy storage, and hydrogen generation.

The major topical and societal issues of energy transition and environmental conservation have benefited from the contribution of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials. Nanomaterials, including carbon-based newcomers, have helped to improve in particular the performance of energy storage and conversion devices. Some of these nanomaterials, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds and carbon dots, were discovered well before the 2000s. Others are more recent, including graphene (the leading material of the 21st century) as well as many mineral materials developed at the nano scale: atomic clusters, metal or semiconductor nanoparticles, two-dimensional inorganic materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOF) and luminescent quantum dots. All of these are involved in the realization of devices for energy purposes. Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials for Energy provides a critical analysis of the latest work in the fields of batteries, photovoltaics, fuel cells and catalysis as well as lighting, with the advent of light-emitting diodes.

Edited by established authorities, with chapter contributions from subject area specialists Provides a comprehensive review of the field Up to date with the latest developments and research

Conducting polymers are organic polymers which contain conjugation along the polymer backbone that conduct electricity. Conducting polymers are promising materials for energy storage applications because of their fast charge-discharge kinetics, high charge density, fast redox reaction, low-cost, ease of synthesis, tunable morphology, high power capability and excellent intrinsic conductivity compared with inorganic-based materials. Conducting Polymers-Based Energy Storage Materials surveys recent advances in conducting polymers and their composites addressing the execution of these materials as electrodes in electrochemical power sources. Key Features: Provides an overview on the conducting polymer material properties, fundamentals and their role in energy storage applications. Deliberates cutting-edge energy storage technology based on synthetic metals (conducting polymers) Covers current applications in next-generation energy storage devices. Explores the new aspects of conducting polymers with processing, tunable properties, nanostructures and engineering strategies of conducting polymers for energy storage. Presents up-to-date coverage of a large, rapidly growing and complex conducting polymer literature on all-types electrochemical power sources. This book is an invaluable guide for students, professors, scientists, and R&D industrial specialists working in the field of advanced science, nanodevices, flexible electronics, and energy science.

* Provides details on the latest trends in design and optimization of electrode and electrolyte materials with key focus on enhancement of energy storage and conversion device performance * Focuses on existing nanostructured electrodes and polymer electrolytes for device fabrication as well as new promising research routes towards the development of new materials for improving device performance * Features a dedicated chapter that explores electricity generation by dissociating water through hydroelectric cells, which are a non-toxic and green source of energy production * Describes challenges and offers a vision for next-generation devices

This volume contains twenty four papers with contributions on various aspects of solid oxide fuel cells that were discussed at the symposium. You will gain insight into the current status of solid oxide fuel cells technology and the latest developments in the areas of fabrication, characterization, testing, performance, electrodes, electrolytes, seals, cell and stack development, proton conductors, fuel reforming, mechanical behavior, powder synthesis, etc.

The energy efficiency paradigm associated with Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and the Internet of Things (IoT) is a major bottleneck for the development of related technologies. To overcome this limitation, the design and development of efficient and high-performance energy harvesting systems for WSN and IoT environments are being explored. This edited book comprehensively covers energy harvesting sources and techniques that can be used for WSN and IoT systems. The authors cover energy harvesting, energy management and energy prediction models to maximize the energy harvested. They also identify major architecture advances to develop cost-effective, efficient, and reliable energy harvesting systems. This is a useful reference for researchers, engineers, practitioners, designers, and R&D staff involved in the development of energy harvesting models, architectures and technologies for practical deployments in WSN and IoT environments. The book will be of interest to professionals involved in developing energy harvesting systems, industry practitioners, and manufacturers in IoT, sensing, and energy harvesting technologies. Finally, it will also be a useful reference for graduate, PhD and postdoctoral students following courses in WSNs, IoT and energy harvesting technologies.

BRIAN H. DAVISON Oak Ridge National Laboratory MARK FINKELSTEIN National Renewable Energy Laboratory CHARLES E. WYMAN Oak Ridge National Laboratory The Eighteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemi cals continues to provide a forum for the presentation of research results and the exchange of ideas on advances in biotechnology for the produc tion of fuels and chemicals. Although the emphasis is on utilization of renewable resources, the scope of the Symposium is broader than this and includes bioconversion of fossil fuels and syngas and the new area of conversions in nonaqueous environments; these areas were discussed in Session 5 and in a Special Topic Discussion Group at the Symposium. In addition, recent developments in bioremediation were well represented in Session 6 and in the poster session. The Symposium involved both the development of new biological agents (such as enzymes or microbes) to carry out targeted conversions as well as bioprocess development. The first area covered improvements in enzymes as well as fundamental insights into substrate-enzyme inter actions and photosynthesis. The latter area focused on converting one material into another using biological agents through combinations of chemical engineering, biological sciences, and fermentation technology. This area also refers to an overall processing involving at least one bio logically catalyzed step in combination with other physical and/ or chemi cal processing operations. Agricultural crops, such as corn and corn fiber as well as woody biomass and lignocellulosic wastes, are emphasized for process feedstocks and their pretreatment investigated.

"PEM Fuel Cell Testing and Diagnosis" covers the recent advances in PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell systems, focusing on instruments and techniques for testing and diagnosis, and the application of diagnostic techniques in practical tests and operation. This book is a unique source of electrochemical techniques for researchers, scientists and engineers working in the area of fuel cells.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are currently considered the most promising clean energy-converting devices for stationary, transportation, and micro-power applications due to their high energy density, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. To advance research and development of this emerging technology, testing and diagnosis are an essential combined step. This book aids those efforts, addressing effects of humidity, temperature and pressure on fuel cells, degradation and failure analysis, and design and assembly of MEAs, single cells and stacks.
Provides fundamental and theoretical principles for PEM fuel cell testing and diagnosis.Comprehensive source for selecting techniques, experimental designs and data analysis Analyzes PEM fuel cell degradation and failure mechanisms, and suggests failure mitigation strategiesProvides principles for selecting PEM fuel cell key materials to improve durability

Inorganic 2D nanomaterials, or inorganic graphene analogues, are gaining great attention due to their unique properties and potential energy applications. They contain ultrathin nanosheet morphology with one-dimensional confinement, but unlike pure carbon graphene, inorganic two-dimensional nanomaterials have a more abundant elemental composition and can form different crystallographic structures. These properties contribute to their unique chemical reaction activity, tunable physical properties and facilitate applications in the field of energy conversion and storage. Inorganic Two-dimensional Nanomaterials details the development of the nanostructures from computational simulation and theoretical understanding to their synthesis and characterization. Individual chapters then cover different applications of the materials as electrocatalysts, flexible supercapicitors, flexible lithium ion batteries and thermoelectrical devices. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the field for researchers working in the areas of materials chemistry, physics, energy and catalysis.

Energy Modeling and Computations in the Building Envelope instills a deeper understanding of the energy interactions between buildings and the environment, based on the analysis of transfer processes operating in the building envelope components at the microscopic level. The author: Proposes a generalized physics model that describes these interactions at the microscopic level via the macroscopic characteristics of the building envelope Presents mathematical models that utilize classical analytical tools and can be used to perform quantitative predictions of the consequences of the energy interactions Reveals easy-to-apply engineering methods concerning the design and inspection of the building envelope, taking into account the effects of energy on the envelope Energy Modeling and Computations in the Building Envelope provides comprehensive coverage of this environmentally and economically important topic, from the physics of energy transfer to its numerical estimation. The book is especially useful to those looking to increase building energy efficiency, decrease the consumption of primary energy carriers, and raise the ecological sustainability of construction products.

These lecture notes provide a detailed treatment of the thermal energy storage and transport by conduction in natural and fabricated structures. Thermal energy in two carriers, i.e. phonons and electrons - are explored from first principles. For solid-state transport, a common Landauer framework is used for heat flow. Issues including the quantum of thermal conductance, ballistic interface resistance, and carrier scattering are elucidated. Bulk material properties, such as thermal and electrical conductivity, are derived from particle transport theories, and the effects of spatial confinement on these properties are established.

These lecture notes provide a detailed treatment of the thermal energy storage and transport by conduction in natural and fabricated structures. Thermal energy in two carriers, i.e. phonons and electrons - are explored from first principles. For solid-state transport, a common Landauer framework is used for heat flow. Issues including the quantum of thermal conductance, ballistic interface resistance, and carrier scattering are elucidated. Bulk material properties, such as thermal and electrical conductivity, are derived from particle transport theories, and the effects of spatial confinement on these properties are established.

Batteries are of vital importance for storing intermittent renewable energy for stationary and mobile applications. In order to charge the battery and maintain its capacity, the states of the battery - such as the current charge, safety and health, but also quantities that cannot be measured directly - need to be known to the battery management system. State estimation estimates the electrical state of a system by eliminating inaccuracies and errors from measurement data. Numerous methods and techniques are used for lithium-ion and other batteries. The various battery models seek to simplify the circuitry used in the battery management system. This concise work captures the methods and techniques for state estimation needed to keep batteries reliable. The book focuses particularly on mechanisms, parameters and influencing factors. Chapters convey equivalent modelling and several Kalman filtering techniques, including adaptive extended Kalman filtering for multiple battery state estimation, dual extended Kalman filtering prediction for complex working conditions, and particle filtering of safety estimation considering the capacity fading effect. This book is necessary reading for researchers in battery research and development, including battery management systems and related power electronics, for battery manufacturers, and for advanced students in power electronics.

The First Book Centered on Materials Issues of SOFCs Although the high operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) creates opportunities for using a variety of fuels, including low-grade hydrogen and those derived from biomass, it also produces difficulties in materials performance and often leads to materials degradation during operation. These obstacles have proven to be challenges in the path to greater commercialization. Focusing on materials-related issues, Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Materials Properties and Performance provides state-of-the-art information for the selection and development of materials for improved SOFC performance. The Materials behind the Development of SOFCs Summarizing progress in the field thus far, the book describes current materials, future advances in materials, and significant technical problems that remain unresolved. The first three chapters explore materials for the electrochemical cell: electrolytes, anodes, and cathodes. The next two chapters discuss interconnects and sealants, which are two supporting components of the fuel cell stack. The final chapter addresses the various issues involved in materials processing for SOFC applications, such as the microstructure of the component layers and the processing methods used to fabricate the microstructure. An Important Enabling Technology for Future Sustainable Energy Systems This volume shows how the performance of SOFCs can be improved through novel materials and methods, thereby, bringing them closer to commercialization.

A realization of recent clean energy initiatives, fluidized bed combustion (FBC) has quickly won industry preference due to its ability to burn materials as diverse as low-grade coals, biomass, and industrial and municipal waste. Fluidized Bed Combustion catalogs the fundamental physical and chemical processes required of bubbling fluidized beds before launching into application-centered coverage of hot-gas generator, incinerator, and boiler concepts and design, calculations for regime parameters and dimensions, and all aspects of FBC operation. It enumerates the environmental consequences of fluidized bed processes and proposes measures to reduce the formation of harmful emissions.

The second edition of Clean Electricity from Photovoltaics, first published in 2001, provides an updated account of the underlying science, technology and market prospects for photovoltaics. All areas have advanced considerably in the decade since the first edition was published, which include: multi-crystalline silicon cell efficiencies having made impressive advances, thin-film CdTe cells having established a decisive market presence, and organic photovoltaics holding out the prospect of economical large-scale power production.

In wafer-based and thin-film photovoltaic (PV) devices, the management of light is a crucial aspect of optimization since trapping sunlight in active parts of PV devices is essential for efficient energy conversions. Optical modeling and simulation enable efficient analysis and optimization of the optical situation in optoelectronic and PV devices. Optical Modeling and Simulation of Thin-Film Photovoltaic Devices provides readers with a thorough guide to performing optical modeling and simulations of thin-film solar cells and PV modules. It offers insight on examples of existing optical models, demonstrates the applicability of optical modeling, and presents concrete directions and solutions for improving the devices. Along with giving practical hints, the book highlights significant research, development, and production in the field. It covers numerous approaches of one-, two-, and three-dimensional optical modeling, including one-dimensional semi-coherent modeling and two-dimensional modeling based on the finite element method (FEM). Many practical examples illustrate the use of simulations with the developed models, helping readers better understand and develop their own models as well as appreciate innovative concepts in light management in thin-film PV devices.