Das vorliegende Schriftehen ist die Wiedergabe eines Vortrages, welchen der Unterzeichnete in der 25. Haupt- versammlung des Vereines deutsch er Ingenieure zu Mannheim am 1. September 18R4 zu halten veranlasst worden war und welcher darauf in der Zeitschrift dieses Vereines gedruckt worden ist. Einigen geaufserten Wunschen hat die Verlagsbuchhandlung in freundlicher Weise entsprochen, indem sie einen Sonderabdruck des Artikels veranlasst hat in welchem die Tafeln behufs der Verwendung im Zeichen- bureau auf starkeres Papier gedruckt sind. Aachen, den 1. December 1884. Gustav Herrmann. Wenn ich die mechanische Warmetheorie zum Gegen- stande meiner Betrachtung gewahlt habe, so geschah dies, weil ich glaubte, in den Kreisen der Ingenieure einiges Inter- esse hierfur voraussetzen zu sollen; wenigstens durften zu diesem Glauben die verschiedenen Veroeffentlichungen be- rechtigen, welche in neuerer Zeit in der technischen Lite- ratur uber Gegenstande zu finden sind, die mit der mecha- nischen Warmetheorie Im engen Zusammenhange stehen. Obwohl die glanzenden Ergebnisse dieser Wissenschaft, mit welchen die Namen der bedeutendsten Forscher auf dies. em Gebiete verknupft sind, den Gegenstand der Be- handlung verschiedener, grofsenteils trefflicher Lehrbucher ausmachen, und obgleich heutzutage wohl an allen tech- nischen Hochschulen ein besonderer- Vortrag dieser Materie gewidmet ist, so findet sich doch im grofsen und ganzen in den Kreisen der Ingenieure nicht immer diejenige Klarheit der Anschauungen vor, welche bei einem fur die ganze Tech- nik so bedeutenden Gegenstande zu wunschen ist.

This expanded special issue of the Journal of Thermal Spray Technology features peer-reviewed and edited contributions based on papers presented at ITSC 2010.

This unique and comprehensive introduction offers an unrivalled and in-depth understanding of the computational-based thermodynamic approach and how it can be used to guide the design of materials for robust performances, integrating basic fundamental concepts with experimental techniques and practical industrial applications, to provide readers with a thorough grounding in the subject. Topics covered range from the underlying thermodynamic principles, to the theory and methodology of thermodynamic data collecting, analysis, modeling, and verification, with details on free energy, phase equilibrium, phase diagrams, chemical reactions, and electrochemistry. In thermodynamic modelling, the authors focus on the CALPHAD method and first-principles calculations. They also provide guidance for use of YPHON, a mixed-space phonon code developed by the authors for polar materials based on the supercell approach. Including worked examples, case studies, and end-of-chapter problems, this is an essential resource for students, researchers, and practitioners in materials science.

Modeling Multiphase Materials Processes: Gas-Liquid Systems describes the methodology and application of physical and mathematical modeling to multi-phase flow phenomena in materials processing. The book focuses on systems involving gas-liquid interaction, the most prevalent in current metallurgical processes. The performance characteristics of these processes are largely dependent on transport phenomena. This volume covers the inherent characteristics that complicate the modeling of transport phenomena in such systems, including complex multiphase structure, intense turbulence, opacity of fluid, high temperature, coupled heat and mass transfer, chemical reactions in some cases, and poor wettability of the reactor walls. Also discussed are: solutions based on experimental and numerical modeling of bubbling jet systems, recent advances in the modeling of nanoscale multi-phase phenomena and multiphase flows in micro-scale and nano-scale channels and reactors. Modeling Multiphase Materials Processes: Gas-Liquid Systems will prove a valuable reference for researchers and engineers working in mathematical modeling and materials processing.

This eminently readable introductory text provides a sound foundation to understand the abstract concepts used to express the laws of thermodynamics. The emphasis is on the fundamentals rather than spoon-feeding the subject matter. The concepts are explained with utmost clarity in simple and elegant language. It provides the background material needed for students to solve practical problems related to thermodynamics. Answers to all problems are provided.

Maximum Dissipation: Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics and its Geometric Structure explores the thermodynamics of non-equilibrium processes in materials. The book develops a general technique created in order to construct nonlinear evolution equations describing non-equilibrium processes, while also developing a geometric context for non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Solid materials are the main focus in this volume, but the construction is shown to also apply to fluids. This volume also: * Explains the theory behind thermodynamically-consistent construction of non-linear evolution equations for non-equilibrium processes * Provides a geometric setting for non-equilibrium thermodynamics through several standard models, which are defined as maximum dissipation processes * Emphasizes applications to the time-dependent modeling of soft biological tissue Maximum Dissipation: Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics and its Geometric Structure will be valuable for researchers, engineers and graduate students in non-equilibrium thermodynamics and the mathematical modeling of material behavior.

"Energy Efficient Thermal Management of Data Centers" examines energy flow in today's data centers. Particular focus is given to the state-of-the-art thermal management and thermal design approaches now being implemented across the multiple length scales involved. The impact of future trends in information technology hardware, and emerging software paradigms such as cloud computing and virtualization, on thermal management are also addressed. The book explores computational and experimental characterization approaches for determining temperature and air flow patterns within data centers. Thermodynamic analyses using the second law to improve energy efficiency are introduced and used in proposing improvements in cooling methodologies. Reduced-order modeling and robust multi-objective design of next generation data centers are discussed.

Convection in Porous Media, 4th Edition, provides a user-friendly introduction to the subject, covering a wide range of topics, such as fibrous insulation, geological strata, and catalytic reactors. The presentation is self-contained, requiring only routine mathematics and the basic elements of fluid mechanics and heat transfer. The book will be of use not only to researchers and practicing engineers as a review and reference, but also to graduate students and others entering the field. The new edition features approximately 1,750 new references and covers current research in nanofluids, cellular porous materials, strong heterogeneity, pulsating flow, and more.

Scientists and engineers are nowadays faced with the problem of optimizing complex systems subject to constraints from, ecology, economics, and thermodynamics. It is chiefly to the last of these that this volume is addressed. Intended for physicists, chemists, and engineers, the book uses examples from solar, thermal, mechanical, chemical, and environmental engineering to focus on the use of thermodynamic criteria for optimizing energy conversion and transmission. The early chapters centre on solar energy conversion, the second section discusses the transfer and conversion of chemical energy, while the concluding chapters deal with geometric methods in thermodynamics.

It is estimated that windows in office buildings are responsible for one third of energy used for their heating and cooling. Designing window shading that balances often contradictory goals of preventing excessive heat gains in hot periods, without compromising beneficial heat gains in cold periods or visual comfort in indoor spaces of modern buildings with highly glazed facades, is an interesting multi-objective optimisation problem that represents an active research topic in the field of building energy and daylighting. Window overhangs are the simplest and most traditional shading devices that are easy to install, highly cost-effective, require low or no maintenance and offer unobstructed views outside. This book provides a review of overhang design methods for optimal thermal and daylighting performance. It starts with a historical overview of methods based on solar positions and shading masks. Next it discusses current research methodology, including shading calculation methods, ways of quantifying thermal and daylighting overhang effectiveness and the use of multi-objective optimisation approaches, together with the case studies that employ them. It further covers methods for designing innovative overhang types such as NURBS outlined overhangs and PV integrated dynamic overhangs. The appendix classifies published overhang case studies according to major climate type and latitude of their locations. As such, the book presents a valuable resource for understanding subtle nuances of interaction between solar radiation, shading devices and indoor comfort. The intended target audience are building energy researchers interested in optimisation of window shading devices.

vapour power cycles, reciprocating compressors, refrigeration and psychometrics. The text discusses the performance and working of thermodynamic cycles such as gas power cycles and vapour power cycles. The applications of these cycles to the study and analysis of I.C. engines, steam engines, gas turbines and power plants are highlighted. The book also presents a thorough analysis of the working principles of I.C. engines, reciprocating compressors, refrigeration, and air conditioning systems. The book helps students to develop an intuitive understanding of the application of thermodynamics by guiding them through a systematic problem-solving methodology. The contents of the book have been designed to meet the requirements of diploma, AMIE, undergraduate and postgraduate students of mechanical engineering, biotechnology, chemical engineering, automobile engineering, industrial and production engineering. KEY FEATURES Focuses on problem-solving techniques. Provides an excellent selection of more than 300 graded and solved examples to foster understanding of the theory. Gives over 100 chapter-end problems with answers. Summarizes important equations at the end of each chapter

Maintaining the substance that made Introduction to the Thermodynamic of Materials a perennial best seller for decades, this Sixth Edition is updated to reflect the broadening field of materials science and engineering. The new edition is reorganized into three major sections to align the book for practical coursework, with the first (Thermodynamic Principles) and second (Phase Equilibria) sections aimed at use in a one semester undergraduate course. The third section (Reactions and Transformations) can be used in other courses of the curriculum that deal with oxidation, energy, and phase transformations. The book is updated to include the role of work terms other than PV work (e.g., magnetic work) along with their attendant aspects of entropy, Maxwell equations, and the role of such applied fields on phase diagrams. There is also an increased emphasis on the thermodynamics of phase transformations and the Sixth Edition features an entirely new chapter 15 that links specific thermodynamic applications to the study of phase transformations. The book also features more than 50 new end of chapter problems and more than 50 new figures.

Many global environmental issues are being vigorously discussed these days, particularly the topic of reducing CO2, which is caused by the consumption of fossil fuels. Given the trends in contemporary power consumption in Japan, which have a lot to do with the emission of CO2, you will notice a less well known fact: that approximately 30% of power consumed is due to the demand for cooling (air-conditioning). Thus, air-conditioning engineers are now required to carry out an important task in the prevention of global warming by further promoting energy savings in air-conditioning technology. This book describes thermal storage technologies, which is one of the important energy saving approaches involved in air-conditioning, and outlines every aspect of thermal storage beginning with the current global environment, the history of thermal storage systems and principles of heat pumps, up to concepts and design methods of water and ice thermal storage systems. One of the benefits of this book is its easy-to-understand descriptions featuring diverse illustrations and charts and, so to speak, its thematic self-contained chapters. The book will be a helpful guide for people wanting to learn more about thermal storage technology, which is often considered to be "difficult to understand" or "too complex" despite its long history. This book was written mainly for junior building equipment engineers and equipment engineering students.

This work includes: table of enthalpy of formation and higher and lower heating values of fuels; table of thermodynamic properties of gases; table of thermal properties of saturated water; Mollier chart for steam; Psychrometric chart; and, generalized compressibility chart.

The third edition of "Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences" presents a balanced coverage of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer packaged in a manner suitable for use in introductory thermal sciences courses. By emphasizing the physics and underlying physical phenomena involved, the text gives students practical examples that allow development of an understanding of the theoretical underpinnings of thermal sciences. All the popular features of the previous edition are retained in this edition while new ones are added. This book features learning objectives. Each chapter now begins with an overview of the material to be covered and chapter-specific learning objectives to introduce the material and to set goals. It includes an early introduction to the first law of thermodynamics (Chapter 2) establishing a general understanding of energy, mechanisms of energy transfer, and the concept of energy balance, thermo-economics, and conversion efficiency.It features separate coverage of closed system and control volume energy analyses. The energy analysis of closed systems is now presented in a separate chapter (Chapter 5), and the conservation of mass is covered together with conservation of energy in another chapter (Chapter 6). It offers a new chapter on fluid kinematics. The all new Chapter 11 covers topics related to fluid kinematics, such as the Lagrangian and Eulerian descriptions of fluid flows, flow patterns, and flow visualization. It features updated steam and refrigerant-134a tables. The steam and refrigerant-134a tables are updated using the most current property data from EES. Students will now get the same result when solving problems whether they use properties from EES or property tables in the appendices. Media Resources and Limited Academic Version of EES with selected text solutions are packaged with the text on the Student DVD.A website offers online resources for instructors including PowerPoint[registered] lecture slides, and complete solutions to homework problems.

This book systematically presents the consolidated findings of the phenomenon of self-organization observed during the onset of thermoacoustic instability using approaches from dynamical systems and complex systems theory. Over the last decade, several complex dynamical states beyond limit cycle oscillations such as quasiperiodicity, frequency-locking, period-n, chaos, strange non-chaos, and intermittency have been discovered in thermoacoustic systems operated in laminar and turbulent flow regimes. During the onset of thermoacoustic instability in turbulent systems, an ordered acoustic field and large coherent vortices emerge from the background of turbulent combustion. This emergence of order from disorder in both temporal and spatiotemporal dynamics is explored in the contexts of synchronization, pattern formation, collective interaction, multifractality, and complex networks. For the past six decades, the spontaneous emergence of large amplitude, self-sustained, tonal oscillations in confined combustion systems, characterized as thermoacoustic instability, has remained one of the most challenging areas of research. The presence of such instabilities continues to hinder the development and deployment of high-performance combustion systems used in power generation and propulsion applications. Even with the advent of sophisticated measurement techniques to aid experimental investigations and vast improvements in computational power necessary to capture flow physics in high fidelity simulations, conventional reductionist approaches have not succeeded in explaining the plethora of dynamical behaviors and the associated complexities that arise in practical combustion systems. As a result, models and theories based on such approaches are limited in their application to mitigate or evade thermoacoustic instabilities, which continue to be among the biggest concerns for engine manufacturers today. This book helps to overcome these limitations by providing appropriate methodologies to deal with nonlinear thermoacoustic oscillations, and by developing control strategies that can mitigate and forewarn thermoacoustic instabilities. The book is also beneficial to scientists and engineers studying the occurrence of several other instabilities, such as flow-induced vibrations, compressor surge, aeroacoustics and aeroelastic instabilities in diverse fluid-mechanical environments, to graduate students who intend to apply dynamical systems and complex systems approach to their areas of research, and to physicists who look for experimental applications of their theoretical findings on nonlinear and complex systems.

Sophomore or junior engineering students will appreciate this in-depth analysis of the fundamentals of thermodynamics. The text notes common student problem areas such as definition of systems boundary, units, processes, work and heat. A review of energy resource consumption shows the importance of energy resources to the economy and emphasizes thermodynamic analysis. The systematic approach to solving thermodynamic problems is supported by numerous chapter-end problems graded in three levels of difficulty. Open-ended design problems are included in chapters 10-15 to reflect the increasing emphasis on the need for design in core courses. Extensive treatment of second law analyses, including energy analysis/energy availability, helps students understand real systems. Explanation of how to maximize energy delivery from chemical reactions presents a solid background in improving the design of reacting systems. Accompanying Thermo-Props software saves students time in looking up values from tables, and help in the analysis of psychmetrics, as well as heating, refrigeration, and air conditioning systems.

This book presents the select proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Sustainable Technologies (ICAST 2020), organized by Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India. It gives an overview of recent developments in the field of fluid dynamics and thermal engineering. Some of the topics covered in this book include HVAC systems, alternative fuels, renewable energy, nano fluids, industrial advancements in energy systems, energy storage, multiphase transport and phase change, conventional and non-conventional energy theoretical and experimental fluid dynamics, numerical methods in heat transfer and fluid mechanics, different modes of heat transfer, fluid machinery, turbo machinery, and fluid power. The book will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the field of fluid dynamics and thermal engineering.

Highly regarded text presents detailed discussion of fundamental aspects of theory, background and the idealizations on which it rests, with detailed solutions of typical and illustrative problems. Topics include fundamentals of thermoelasticity, heat transfer theory, thermal stress analysis, temperature effects in inelasticity theory, more. 1985 edition.

This book and the accompanying computer software are intended to enhance and streamline the study of the field of thermodynamics. The package is design and problem-solving oriented. Released from the drain of repetitive and iterative hand calculation, students can be led to a far wider and deeper study than has been possible previously.

Finite-time thermodynamics (FTT) is one of the newest and most challenging areas in thermodynamics. The objective of this book is to provide results from research, which continues at an impressive rate. The authors make a concentrated effort to reach out and encourage academic and industrial participation in this book and to select papers that are relevant to current problems and practice. The numerous contributions from the international community are indicative of the continuing global interest in finite-time thermodynamics. All represent the newest developments in their respective areas.

Heat transfer analysis is a problem of major significance in a vast range of industrial applications. These extend over the fields of mechanical engineering, aeronautical engineering, chemical engineering and numerous applications in civil and electrical engineering. If one considers the heat conduction equation alone the number of practical problems amenable to solution is extensive. Expansion of the work to include features such as phase change, coupled heat and mass transfer, and thermal stress analysis provides the engineer with the capability to address a further series of key engineering problems. The complexity of practical problems is such that closed form solutions are not generally possible. The use of numerical techniques to solve such problems is therefore considered essential, and this book presents the use of the powerful finite element method in heat transfer analysis. Starting with the fundamental general heat conduction equation, the book moves on to consider the solution of linear steady state heat conduction problems, transient analyses and non--linear examples. Problems of melting and solidification are then considered at length followed by a chapter on convection. The application of heat and mass transfer to drying problems and the calculation of both thermal and shrinkage stresses conclude the book. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the basic concepts introduced. This book is the outcome of the teaching and research experience of the authors over a period of more than 20 years.