There has recently been a renewal of interest in Fokker-Planck operators, motivated by problems in statistical physics, in kinetic equations, and differential geometry. Compared to more standard problems in the spectral theory of partial differential operators, those operators are not self-adjoint and only hypoelliptic. The aim of the analysis is to give, as generally as possible, an accurate qualitative and quantitative description of the exponential return to the thermodynamical equilibrium. While exploring and improving recent results in this direction, this volume proposes a review of known techniques on: the hypoellipticity of polynomial of vector fields and its global counterpart, the global Weyl-H rmander pseudo-differential calculus, the spectral theory of non-self-adjoint operators, the semi-classical analysis of Schr dinger-type operators, the Witten complexes, and the Morse inequalities.

Many exciting new developments in microscale engineering are based on the application of traditional principles of statistical thermodynamics. In this text Van Carey offers a modern view of thermodynamics, interweaving classical and statistical thermodynamic principles and applying them to current engineering systems. He begins with coverage of microscale energy storage mechanisms from a quantum mechanics perspective and then develops the fundamental elements of classical and statistical thermodynamics. Subsequent chapters discuss applications of equilibrium statistical thermodynamics to solid, liquid, and gas phase systems. The remainder of the book is devoted to nonequilibrium thermodynamics of transport phenomena and to nonequilibrium effects and noncontinuum behavior at the microscale. Although the text emphasizes mathematical development, Carey includes many examples and exercises to illustrate how the theoretical concepts are applied to systems of scientific and engineering interest. In the process he offers a fresh view of statistical thermodynamics for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as practitioners, in mechanical, chemical, and materials engineering.

Thermodynamics of irreversible Processes provides a thorough treatment of the basic axioms of irreversible systems and deals with specific applications to diffusion of liquids and matter in flow. This volume will prove to be invaluable reading for anyone working in the field of irreversible phenomena. Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes, presents: -
* A lucid review of classical thermodynamics
* Rigorous derivations of the fundamental principles of irreversible thermodynamics
* In-depth studies of multicomponent diffusion, with applications to non-ideal systems
* Thorough treatments of relaxation phenomena and linear viscoelasticity
* An essential text for anyone working with irreversible thermodynamics, rheology and multi-component mixtures
Thermodynamics of irreversible Processes is the first advanced text dealing with the applications of irreversible thermodynamics to multicomponent diffusion and viscoelasticity. Gerard Kuiken has written a book which will appeal to students and researchers in chemistry, chemical technology, polymer and materials science, physics and rheology.

On its original publication in 1973, this book was the first reference for engineers to fully present the science of boiling and condensation. It dealt especially with the problems of estimating heat transfer rates and pressure drops, with particular attention to the occurrence of boiling and condensation in the presence of forced flows within pipes. The new third edition was written primarily for design and development engineers in the chemical process, power generation, and refrigeration industries, and is meant to be an aid in the design of heat exchangers. It covers recent advances and significantly broadens coverage to flows over tube bundles, with extensive new treatment of two-phase heat transfer regarding refrigerants and petrochemicals. Many new problems have been added at the end of each chapter to enhance the book's use as a text in advanced courses on two-phase flow and heat transfer. Instructors using the book as a course text may obtain full solutions to the end-of-chapter problems by writing to: Science Marketing Dept., Oxford University Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 (please include school name and course identification), or by faxing (212) 726-6442.

The pioneering and wide-ranging research of A. E. Green--one of the outstanding British researchers in theoretical and applied mechanics--is the subject of this important new volume. Featuring sixteen up-to-date research papers written by his eminent colleagues and friends, the book covers a variety of topics from thermodynamics to problems associated with crystals; linear, nonlinear and fibre-reinforced elastic materials; and viscoplastic and granular materials. Perfect for students and researchers alike, Nonlinear Elasticity and Theoretical Mechanics is a superb tribute to the work of one of England's great scientists.

Engineering curricula are notoriously demanding. One way to make the material easier to grasp and more fun to learn is to emphasize the experimental or "hands-on" aspects of engineering problems. This unique book is about learning through active participation in laboratory experiments, and it specifically aims to dispel some of the mystery so many students associate with the study of thermodynamics and heat transfer. In it, the author presents a collection of experiments in heat transfer and thermodynamics contributed by leading engineering educators. The experiments have been tested, evaluated, and proved successful for classroom use. Each experiment follows the same step-by-step format, which includes the objective of the experiment, apparatus needed, procedure, suggested headings, and references. The experiments use apparatus that is easily built or attainable. Among the topics covered are heat conduction, convection, boiling, mixing, diffusion, radiation, heat pipes and exchangers, and thermodynamics. The book will be especially useful as a companion to standard heat transfer and thermodynamics texts.

This up-to-date reference covers the thermal design, operation and maintenance of the three major components in industrial heating and air conditioning systems including fossil fuel-fired boilers, waste heat boilers and air conditioning evaporators. Among the distinguishing features covered are: the numerous types of components in use and the features and relative merits of each, overviews of the major technical sections of the book, with suggested approaches to design based on industrial experience, case studies and examples of actual engineering problems, design methods and procedures based on current industrial practice in the United States, Russia, China and Europe with data charts, tables and thermal-hydraulic correlations for design included, and various approaches to design based on experience in the art of industrial process equipment design.

Designed for the course in thermodynamics or for use as a reference for practicing engineers, this book includes the theoretical underpinnings and derivations necessary for advanced study. The book focuses on the mechanical and power engineering applications of thermodynamics. Mathematics is utilized as required, serving as a tool to formulate the concepts, solve problems and applications. Furthermore, numerous examples are provided to demonstrate the applications of thermodynamics for engineering problems and to enhance the use of concepts. It also includes statistical thermodynamic examples when relevant and pertinent. These examples are shown either conceptually or numerically. Features: Numerous examples are provided to demonstrate the applications of thermodynamics for engineering problems; Includes a comprehensive and generalist view of thermodynamics, along with historical developments in the field; Presents mathematical tools such as the Legendre transformation, the Euler chain rule, the Jacobian methodology and applications for thermodynamic derivatives.

Explore a unified treatment of the dynamics of combustor systems, including acoustics, fluid mechanics, and combustion in a single rigorous text. This updated new edition features an expansion of data and experimental material, updates the coverage of flow stability, and enhanced treatment of flame dynamics. Addresses system dynamics of clean energy and propulsion systems used in low emissions systems. Synthesizing the fields of fluid mechanics and combustion into a coherent understanding of the intrinsically unsteady processes in combustors. This is a perfect reference for engineers and researchers in fluid mechanics, combustion, and clean energy.

The main aim of this book is to introduce and give an overview of a novel, easy, and highly effective heat transfer augmentation technique for single-phase micro/minichannel heat sink. The specific objectives of the volume are to: Introduce a novel planar oblique fin microchannel and cylindrical oblique fin minichannel heat sink design using passive heat transfer enhancement techniques Investigate the thermal transport in both planar and cylindrical oblique fin structures through numerical simulation and systematic experimental studies. Evaluate the feasibility of employing the proposed solution in cooling non-uniform heat fluxes and hotspot suppression Conduct the similarity analysis and parametric study to obtain empirical correlations to evaluate the total heat transfer rate of the oblique fin heat sink Investigate the flow mechanism and optimize the dimensions of cylindrical oblique fin heat sink Investigate the influence of edge effect on flow and temperature uniformity in these oblique fin channels.

With this self-contained and comprehensive text, students and researchers will gain a detailed understanding of the fundamental aspects of the hydrodynamic control of wave energy converters. Such control is necessary to maximise energy capture for a given device configuration and plays a major role in efforts to make wave energy economic. Covering a wide range of disciplines, the reader is taken from the mathematical and technical fundamentals, through the main pillars of wave energy hydrodynamic control, right through to state-of-the-art algorithms for hydrodynamic control. The various operating principles of wave energy converters are exposed and the unique aspects of the hydrodynamic control problem highlighted, with a variety of potential solutions discussed. Supporting material on wave forecasting and the interaction of the hydrodynamic control problem with other aspects of wave energy device optimisation, such as device geometry optimisation and optimal device array layout, is also provided.

Grundlagen der Thermodynamik.- Thermodynamische Eigenschaften reiner Fluide.- Thermodynamische Eigenschaften homogener Mischungen.- Phasengleichgewichte mehrkomponentiger Systeme.

This accessible book presents unconventional technologies in heat exchanger design that have the capacity to provide solutions to major concerns within the process and power-generating industries. Demonstrating the advantages and limits of these innovative heat exchangers, it also discusses micro- and nanostructure surfaces and micro-scale equipment, and introduces pillow-plate, helical and expanded metal baffle concepts. It offers step-by-step worked examples, which provide instructions for developing an initial configuration and are supported by clear, detailed drawings and pictures. Various types of heat exchangers are available, and they are widely used in all fields of industry for cooling or heating purposes, including in combustion engines. The market in 2012 was estimated to be U$ 42.7 billion and the global demand for heat exchangers is experiencing an annual growth of about 7.8 %. The market value is expected to reach U$ 57.9 billion in 2016, and approach U$ 78.16 billion in 2020. Providing a valuable introduction to students and researchers, this book offers clear and concise information to thermal engineers, mechanical engineers, process engineers and heat exchanger specialists.

"Stability of Non-linear Constitutive Formulations for Viscoelastic Fluids" provides a complete and up-to-date view of the field of constitutive equations for flowing viscoelastic fluids, in particular on their non-linear behavior, the stability of these constitutive equations that is their predictive power, and the impact of these constitutive equations on the dynamics of viscoelastic fluid flow in tubes. This book gives an overall view of the theories and attendant methodologies developed independently of thermodynamic considerations as well as those set within a thermodynamic framework to derive non-linear rheological constitutive equations for viscoelastic fluids. Developments in formulating Maxwell-like constitutive differential equations as well as single integral constitutive formulations are discussed in the light of Hadamard and dissipative type of instabilities.

This book focuses on modelling issues and their implications for the correct design of reactive absorption-desorption systems. In addition, it addresses the case of carbon dioxide (CO2) post-combustion capture in detail. The book proposes a new perspective on these systems, and provides technological solutions with comparisons to previous treatments of the subject. The model that is proposed is subsequently validated using experimental data. In addition, the book features graphs to guide readers with immediate visualizations of the benefits of the methodology proposed. It shows a systematic procedure for the steady-state model-based design of a CO2 post-combustion capture plant that employs reactive absorption-stripping, using monoethanolamine as the solvent. It also discusses the minimization of energy consumption, both through the modification of the plant flowsheet and the set-up of the operating parameters. The book offers a unique source of information for researchers and practitioners alike, as it also includes an economic analysis of the complete plant. Further, it will be of interest to all academics and students whose work involves reactive absorption-stripping design and the modelling of reactive absorption-stripping systems.

Das Lehrwerk (Band 2 des Standardwerks von Stephan/Mayinger) stellt den Stoff wissenschaftlich streng und dabei stets sehr anschaulich dar. Zahlreiche praxisnahe UEbungsaufgaben erleichtern das Verstandnis. P. Stephan und K. Schaber haben die 15. Auflage bearbeitet und aktualisiert. So wurden zum besseren Verstandnis der Phanomene des Phasenverhaltens die Phasendiagramme den Berechnungsmethoden der Gemischthermodynamik vorangestellt. Ausserdem neu: thermodynamische Grundlagen spontaner Phasenubergange sowie ein Kapitel uber Elektrolytloesungen.

Dieses etablierte Lehrbuch der Technischen Thermodynamik liegt, nach grundlegender UEberarbeitung, in der 16. Auflage vor. Es bietet eine grundliche Einfuhrung in die Thermodynamik und ihre technischen Anwendungen in der Energie- und Verfahrenstechnik. Der Schwerpunkt dieses Lehrbuchs liegt in der verstandlichen Darstellung der durch den ersten und zweiten Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik gegebenen Grundlagen. Die hierauf aufbauenden Energie- und Entropiebilanzgleichungen ermoeglichen die energetische und exergetische Analyse von Prozessen und Zustandsanderungen. Daher sind Energie und Entropie zentrale Begriffe der Thermodynamik, die in den ersten Kapiteln des Buches ausfuhrlich eingefuhrt werden. In einem zweiten Schwerpunkt des Lehrbuchs werden die Beziehungen, welche die Energie- und Entropiewerte aus messbaren Zustandsgroessen wie Druck und Temperatur zuganglich machen, eingehend erlautert. Ein dritter Schwerpunkt ist den thermodynamischen Aspekten wichtiger energie- und verfahrenstechnischer Anwendungen gewidmet. Praxisnah werden Stroemungsprozesse, thermische Stofftrennverfahren, Verbrennungsprozesse und Verbrennungskraftanlagen wie z.B. Gasturbinenanlagen, Brennstoffzellen, thermische Kraftwerke, Kalteanlagen und Warmepumpen behandelt.

This book is dedicated to the numerical modeling of shallow geothermal systems. The utilization of shallow geothermal energy involves the integration of multiple Borehole Heat Exchangers (BHE) with Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems to provide heating and cooling. The modeling practices explained in this book can improve the efficiency of these increasingly common systems. The book begins by explaining the basic theory of heat transport processes in man-made as well as natural media. . These techniques are then applied to the simulation of borehole heat exchangers and their interaction with the surrounding soil. The numerical and analytical models are verified against analytical solutions and measured data from a Thermal Response Test, and finally, a real test site is analyzed through the model and discussed with regard to BHE and GSHP system design and optimization.

Einleitung.- Grundlagen.- Hauptsatze der Thermodynamik.- Stoffe und deren thermodynamische Beschreibung.- Anwendungen der Hauptsatze.- Maximale Arbeit und Energie.- Technische Anwendungen.

The Heat Equation is one of the three classical linear partial differential equations of second order that form the basis of any elementary introduction to the area of PDEs, and only recently has it come to be fairly well understood. In this monograph, aimed at research students and academics in mathematics and engineering, as well as engineering specialists, Professor Vazquez provides a systematic and comprehensive presentation of the mathematical theory of the nonlinear heat equation usually called the Porous Medium Equation (PME). This equation appears in a number of physical applications, such as to describe processes involving fluid flow, heat transfer or diffusion. Other applications have been proposed in mathematical biology, lubrication, boundary layer theory, and other fields. Each chapter contains a detailed introduction and is supplied with a section of notes, providing comments, historical notes or recommended reading, and exercises for the reader.

This book concentrates specifically on the applications of thermodynamics, rather than the theory. It addresses both technical and pragmatic problems in the field, and covers such topics as enthalpy effects, equilibrium thermodynamics, non-ideal thermodynamics and energy conversion applications. Providing the reader with a working knowledge of the principles of thermodynamics, as well as experience in their application, it stands alone as an easy-to-follow self-teaching aid to practical applications and contains worked examples.

Das Buch vermittelt die Grundlagen der Technischen Thermodynamik anhand zahlreicher praktischer Beispiele. Es uberzeugt durch die klare und strukturierte Darstellung und durch seine didaktische Orientierung an grossen amerikanischen Lehrbuchern. Die Studierenden lernen, - technische Prozesse anhand von Idealprozessen zu begreifen und anschliessend die Belange realer Prozesse zu berucksichtigen - thermodynamische Prozesse und Maschinen zu verstehen und analytisch zu behandeln - Bilanzgleichungen der Erhaltungsgroessen Masse und Energie auf technische Probleme anzuwenden - mit thermodynamischen Diagrammen umzugehen. Die 2. Auflage wurde grundlegend neu bearbeitet und erweitert. Neu hinzugekommen ist ein Kapitel zur Anwendung bei technischen Prozessen sowie die Behandlung der Adsorptionskaltemaschine und -warmepumpe, ausserdem einige log p,h-Diagramme und Stoffwerttabellen. Beispielberechnungen und Stoffwertprogramme fur ideale Gase und Rauchgase unter Berucksichtigung der Dissoziation koennen im Internet herunter geladen werden.

Engineers face many challenges in systems design and research. Modeling and Approximation in Heat Transfer describes the approach to engineering solutions through simplified modeling of the most important physical features and approximating their behavior. Systematic discussion of how modeling and associated synthesis can be carried out is included - in engineering practice, these steps very often precede mathematical analysis or the need for precise results.