A comprehensive and rigorous introduction to thermal system design from a contemporary perspective

Thermal Design and Optimization offers readers a lucid introduction to the latest methodologies for the design of thermal systems and emphasizes engineering economics, system simulation, and optimization methods. The methods of exergy analysis, entropy generation minimization, and thermoeconomics are incorporated in an evolutionary manner.

This book is one of the few sources available that addresses the recommendations of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology for new courses in design engineering. Intended for classroom use as well as self-study, the text provides a review of fundamental concepts, extensive reference lists, end-of-chapter problem sets plus a separate solutions manual, helpful appendices, and a comprehensive case study that is followed throughout the text.

Contents include:

• Introduction to Thermal System Design
• Thermodynamics, Modeling, and Design Analysis
• Exergy Analysis
• Heat Transfer, Modeling, and Design Analysis
• Applications with Heat and Fluid Flow
• Applications with Thermodynamics and Heat and Fluid Flow
• Economic Analysis
• Thermoeconomic Analysis and Evaluation
• Thermoeconomic Optimization

Thermal Design and Optimization offers engineering students, practicing engineers, and technical managers a comprehensive and rigorous introduction to thermal system design and optimization from a distinctly contemporary perspective. Unlike traditional books that are largely oriented toward design analysis and components, this forward-thinking book aligns itself with an increasing number of active designers who believe that more effective, system-oriented design methods are needed.

Thermal Design and Optimization offers a lucid presentation of thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics as they are applied to the design of thermal systems. This book broadens the scope of engineering design by placing a strong emphasis on engineering economics, system simulation, and optimization techniques. Opening with a concise review of fundamentals, it develops design methods within a framework of industrial applications that gradually increase in complexity. These applications include, among others, power generation by large and small systems, and cryogenic systems for the manufacturing, chemical, and food processing industries.

This unique book draws on the best contemporary thinking about design and design methodology, including discussions of concurrent design and quality function deployment. Recent developments based on the second law of thermodynamics are also included, especially the use of exergy analysis, entropy generation minimization, and thermoeconomics. To demonstrate the application of important design principles introduced, a single case study involving the design of a cogeneration system is followed throughout the book.

In addition, Thermal Design and Optimization is one of the best new sources available for meeting the recommendations of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology for more design emphasis in engineering curricula.

Supported by extensive reference lists, end-of-chapter problem sets, and helpful appendices, this is a superb text for both the classroom and self-study, and for use in industrial design, development, and research. A detailed solutions manual is available from the publisher.

This book comprehensively discusses diesel combustion phenomena like ignition delay, fuel-air mixing, rate of heat release, and emissions of smoke, particulate and nitric oxide. It enables quantitative evaluation of these important phenomena and parameters. Most importantly, it attempts to model them with constants that are independent of engine types and hence they could be applied by the engineers and researchers for a general engine. This book emphasizes the importance of the spray at the wall in precisely describing the heat release and emissions for most of the engines on and off-road. It gives models for heat release and emissions. Every model is thoroughly validated by detailed experiments using a broad range of engines. The book describes an elegant quasi-one-dimensional model for heat release in diesel engines with single as well as multiple injections. The book describes how the two aspects, namely, fuel injection rate and the diameter of the combustion bowl in the piston, have enabled meeting advanced emission, noise, and performance standards. The book also discusses the topics of computational fluid dynamics encompassing RANS and LES models of turbulence. Given the contents, this book will be useful for students, researchers and professionals working in the area of vehicle engineering and engine technology. This book will also be a good professional book for practising engineers in the field of combustion engines and automotive engineering.

Airbreathing Propulsion covers the physics of combustion, fluid and thermo-dynamics, and structural mechanics of airbreathing engines, including piston, turboprop, turbojet, turbofan, and ramjet engines. End-of-chapter exercises allow the reader to practice the fundamental concepts behind airbreathing propulsion, and the included PAGIC computer code will help the reader to examine the relationships between the performance parameters of different engines. Large amounts of data have on many different piston, turbojet, and turboprop engines have been compiled for this book and are included as an appendix. This textbook is ideal for senior undergraduate and graduate students studying aeronautical engineering, aerospace engineering, and mechanical engineering.

Textbook concisely introduces engineering thermodynamics, covering concepts including energy, entropy, equilibrium and reversibility * Novel explanation of entropy and the second law of thermodynamics * Presents abstract ideas in an easy to understand manner * Includes solved examples and end of chapter problems * Accompanied by a website hosting a solutions manual

Supercritical pressure fluids have been exploited in many engineering fields, where binary mixtures are frequently encountered. This book focuses on the coupled heat and mass transfer in them, where the coupling comes from cross-diffusion effects (i.e., Soret and Dufour effects) and temperature-dependent boundary reactions. Under this configuration, three main topics are discussed: relaxation and diffusion problems, hydrodynamic stability, and convective heat and mass transfer. This book reports a series of new phenomena, novel mechanisms, and an innovative engineering design in hydrodynamics and transport phenomena of binary mixtures at supercritical pressures. This book covers not only current research progress but also basic knowledge and background. It is very friendly to readers new to this field, especially graduate students without a deep theoretical background.

An invaluable reference for graduate students and academic researchers, this book introduces the basic terminology, methods and theory of the physics of flow in porous media. Geometric concepts, such as percolation and fractals, are explained and simple simulations are created, providing readers with both the knowledge and the analytical tools to deal with real experiments. It covers the basic hydrodynamics of porous media and how complexity emerges from it, as well as establishing key connections between hydrodynamics and statistical physics. Covering current concepts and their uses, this book is of interest to applied physicists and computational/theoretical Earth scientists and engineers seeking a rigorous theoretical treatment of this topic. Physics of Flow in Porous Media fills a gap in the literature by providing a physics-based approach to a field that is mostly dominated by engineering approaches.

Viscous flow is treated usually in the frame of boundary-layer theory and as two-dimensional flow. Books on boundary layers give at most the describing equations for three-dimensional boundary layers, and solutions often only for some special cases.

This book provides basic principles and theoretical foundations regarding three-dimensional attached viscous flow. Emphasis is put on general three-dimensional attached viscous flows and not on three-dimensional boundary layers. This wider scope is necessary in view of the theoretical and practical problems to be mastered in practice.

The topics are weak, strong, and global interaction, the locality principle, properties of three-dimensional viscous flow, thermal surface effects, characteristic properties, wall compatibility conditions, connections between inviscid and viscous flow, flow topology, quasi-one- and two-dimensional flows, laminar-turbulent transition and turbulence.

Though the primary flight speed range is that of civil air transport vehicles, flows past other flying vehicles up to hypersonic speeds are also considered. Emphasis is put on general three-dimensional attached viscous flows and not on three-dimensional boundary layers, as this wider scope is necessary in view of the theoretical and practical problems that have to be overcome in practice.

The specific topics covered include weak, strong, and global interaction; the locality principle; properties of three-dimensional viscous flows; thermal surface effects; characteristic properties; wall compatibility conditions; connections between inviscid and viscous flows; flow topology; quasi-one- and two-dimensional flows; laminar-turbulent transition; and turbulence. Detailed discussions of examples illustrate these topics and the relevant phenomena encountered in three-dimensional viscous flows. The full governing equations, reference-temperature relations for qualitative considerations and estimations of flow properties, and coordinates for fuselages and wings are also provided. Sample problems with solutions allow readers to test their understanding.

This book presents select proceedings of Conference on Recent Trends in Fluid Dynamics Research (RTFDR-21). It signifies the current research trends in fluid dynamics and convection heat transfer for both laminar and turbulent flow structures. The topics covered include fluid mechanics and applications, microfluidics and nanofluidics, numerical methods for multiphase flows, cavitation, combustion, fluid-particle interactions in turbulence, biological flows, CFD, experimental fluid mechanics, convection heat transfer, numerical heat transfer, fluid power, experimental heat transfer, heat transfer, non-newtonian rheology, and boundary layer theory. The book also discusses various fundamental and application-based research of fluid dynamics, heat transfer, combustion, etc., by theoretical and experimental approaches. The book will be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in fluid dynamics research and allied fields.

Natural fires can be considered as scale-dependant, non-linear processes of mass, momentum and heat transport, resulting from a turbulent reactive and radiative fluid medium flowing over a complex medium, the vegetal fuel. In natural outdoor conditions, the experimental study of natural fires at real scale needs the development of an original metrology, one able to capture the large range of time and length scales involved in its dynamic nature and also able to resist the thermal, mechanical and chemical aggression of flames on devices. Robust, accurate and poorly intrusive tools must be carefully set-up and used for gaining very fluctuating data over long periods. These signals also need the development of original post-processing tools that take into account the non-steady nature of their stochastic components. Metrology for Fire Experiments in Outdoor Conditions closely analyzes these features, and also describes measurements techniques, the thermal insulation of fragile electronic systems, data acquisition, measurement errors and optimal post-processing algorithms. This book is intended for practitioners as a reference guide for optimizing measurements techniques in an outdoor environment. Advanced-level students and researchers will also find the book invaluable.

The current book, Advanced Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer is based on author's four decades of industrial and academic research in the area of thermofluid sciences including fluid mechanics, aero-thermodynamics, heat transfer and their applications to engineering systems. Fluid mechanics and heat transfer are inextricably intertwined and both are two integral parts of one physical discipline. No problem from fluid mechanics that requires the calculation of the temperature can be solved using the system of Navier-Stokes and continuity equations only. Conversely, no heat transfer problem can be solved using the energy equation only without using the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations. The fact that there is no book treating this physical discipline as a unified subject in a single book that considers the need of the engineering and physics community, motivated the author to write this book. It is primarily aimed at students of engineering, physics and those practicing professionals who perform aero-thermo-heat transfer design tasks in the industry and would like to deepen their knowledge in this area. The contents of this new book covers the material required in Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer Graduate Core Courses in the US universities. It also covers the major parts of the Ph.D-level elective courses Advanced Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer that the author has been teaching at Texas A&M University for the past three decades.

Modern thermodynamics is a unique but still not a logically self-consistent field of knowledge. It has a proven universal applicability and significance but its actual potential is still latent. The development of the foundations of thermodynamics was in effect non-stop but absolutely no one has any idea about this. This book is the first of its kind that will motivate researchers to build up a logically consistent field of thermodynamics. It greatly appreciates the actual depth and potential of thermodynamics which might also be of interest to readers in history and philosophy of scientific research. The book presents the life stories of the protagonists in detail and allows readers to cast a look at the whole scene of the field by showcasing a significant number of their colleagues whose works have fittingly complemented their achievements. It also tries to trigger a detailed analysis of the reasons why the actual work in this extremely important field has in effect gone astray. It comprises five chapters and introduces three scientists in the first two chapters, which are specifically devoted to the Scandinavian achievements in macroscopic thermodynamics. These introductions are novel and call for a detailed reconsideration of the field. The third chapter acquaints the readers with their fourth colleague in Germany who was working on the proper link between the macroscopic thermodynamics, kinetics, and the atomistic representation of matter. The fourth chapter brings in their fifth colleague in the United States who could formally infer the famous formula S = k * ln(W), ingeniously guessed by Ludwig Boltzmann, and thus clarify the physical sense of the entropy notion. The last chapter summarizes the above-mentioned discourses.

The book provides design engineers an elemental understanding of the variables that influence pressure drop and heat transfer in plain and micro-fin tubes to thermal systems using liquid single-phase flow in different industrial applications. It also provides design engineers using gas-liquid, two-phase flow in different industrial applications the necessary fundamentals of the two-phase flow variables. The author and his colleagues were the first to determine experimentally the very important relationship between inlet geometry and transition. On the basis of their results, they developed practical and easy to use correlations for the isothermal and non-isothermal friction factor (pressure drop) and heat transfer coefficient (Nusselt number) in the transition region as well as the laminar and turbulent flow regions for different inlet configurations and fin geometry. This work presented herein provides the thermal systems design engineer the necessary design tools. The author further presents a succinct review of the flow patterns, void fraction, pressure drop and non-boiling heat transfer phenomenon and recommends some of the well scrutinized modeling techniques.

This textbook provides students studying thermodynamics for the first time with an accessible and readable primer on the subject. The book is written in three parts: Part I covers the fundamentals of thermodynamics, Part II is on gas dynamics, and Part III focuses on combustion. Chapters are written clearly and concisely and include examples and problems to support the concepts outlined in the text. The book begins with a discussion of the fundamentals of thermodynamics and includes a thorough analysis of engineering devices. The book moves on to address applications in gas dynamics and combustion to include advanced topics such as two-phase critical flow and blast theory. Written for use in Introduction to Thermodynamics, Advanced Thermodynamics, and Introduction to Combustion courses, this book uniquely covers thermodynamics, gas dynamics, and combustion in a clear and concise manner, showing the integral connections at an advanced undergraduate or graduate student level.

This book presents a theoretical analysis of the modern methods used for modeling various chemical engineering processes. Currently, the two primary problems in the chemical industry are the optimal design of new devices and the optimal control of active processes. Both of these problems are often solved by developing new methods of modeling. These methods for modeling specific processes may be different, but in all cases, they bring the mathematical description closer to the real processes by using appropriate experimental data. In this book, the authors detail a new approach for the modeling of chemical processes in column apparatuses. Further, they describe the types of neural networks that have been shown to be effective in solving important chemical engineering problems. Readers are also presented with mathematical models of integrated bioethanol supply chains (IBSC) that achieve improved economic and environmental sustainability. The integration of energy and mass processes is one of the most powerful tools for creating sustainable and energy efficient production systems. This book defines the main approaches for the thermal integration of periodic processes, direct and indirect, and the recent integration of small-scale solar thermal dryers with phase change materials as energy accumulators. An exciting overview of new approaches for the modeling of chemical engineering processes, this book serves as a guide for the important innovations being made in theoretical chemical engineering.

This book introduces the fundamental concepts of thermal cloaking based on transformation theory and bilayer theory, under the conduction and convection heat transfer modes. It focuses on thermal cloaking with detailed explanations of the underlying theoretical bases leading to the primary thermal cloaking results in open literature, from an engineering perspective, and with practical application in mind. Also, the authors strive to present the materials with an emphasis on the related physical phenomena and interpretation, to the extent possible. Through this book, engineering students can grasp the fundamental ideas of thermal cloaking and the associated mathematics, thus being better able to initiate their own research and explore new ideas in thermal cloaking. While not intended to be a general reference in the vast field of thermal cloaking research, this book is a unique monograph addressing the theoretical and analytical aspects of thermal cloaking within the scope mentioned above. This book also contains many independent analytical solutions to thermal cloaking problems that are not available in open literature. It is suitable for a three-credit graduate or advanced undergraduate course in engineering science.

This book reports thermo-mechanical coupling constitutive equations and impact damage distributions of 3-D braided composite materials under impulsive loadings, in multidisciplinary fields among mechanical engineering, textile engineering and impact dynamics. The 3-D braided composite is one of the unique textile composites with integrated braided preform structure. Currently the 3-D braided composite has been rapidly applied to aerospace, automotive and medical engineering because the materials could realize the integration of material structure to manufacture complex structural parts and reduce the number of assembly connections. This book presents a thermo-mechanical coupled multiscale geometrical model of the 3-D braiding composite beams and tubes for analyzing damage mechanisms under various impact velocities. Impact deformation and damage morphologies have been described both in experimental observations with high speed cameras, micro-CT and finite element analyses. All the impact damages are shown in figures for unveiling the relationships between microstructure and failure modes. This provides a vivid way for how to design braided structures with high impact damage tolerance. The book is intended for graduate students who are interested in composite materials and mechanics, researchers investigating on impact dynamics of composite structure design, and engineers working on impact-proof structure design. The English translation of this book from its Chinese original manuscript was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service provider DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision of the content was done by the author.

This is a textbook on thermodynamics of materials for junior/senior undergraduate students and first-year graduate students as well as a reference book for researchers who would like to refresh their understanding of thermodynamics. The textbook employs a plain language to explain the thermodynamic concepts and quantities. It embraces the mathematical beauty and rigor of Gibbs thermodynamics through the fundamental equation of thermodynamics from which all thermodynamic properties of a material can be derived. However, a reader with basic first-year undergraduate calculus skills will be able to get through the book without difficulty. One unique feature of this textbook is the descriptions of the step-by-step procedures for computing all the thermodynamic properties from the fundamental equation of thermodynamics and all the thermodynamic energies from a set of common, experimentally measurable thermodynamic properties, supplemented with ample numerical examples. Another unique feature of this textbook is its emphasis on the concept of chemical potential and its applications to phase equilibria in single component systems and binary solutions, chemical reaction equilibria, and lattice and electronic defects in crystals. The concept of chemical potential is introduced at the very beginning of the book together with temperature and pressure. It avoids or minimizes the use of terms such as molar Gibbs free energy, partial molar Gibbs free energy, or Gibbs potential because molar Gibbs free energy or partial molar Gibbs free energy is precisely the chemical potential of a material or a component. It is the chemical potential that determines the stability of chemical species, compounds, and phases and their tendency to chemically react to form new species, transform to new physical state, and migrate from one spatial location to another. Therefore, it is the chemical potential differences or gradients that drive essentially all materials processes of interest. A reader after finishing reading the book is expected to not only achieve a high-level fundamental understanding of thermodynamics but also acquire the analytical skills of applying thermodynamics to determining materials equilibrium and driving forces for materials processes.

This book covers theoretical and experimental findings at the interface between fluid mechanics, heat transfer and energy technologies. It reports on the development and improvement of numerical methods and intelligent technologies for a wide range of applications in mechanical, power and materials engineering. It reports on solutions to modern fluid mechanics and heat transfer problems, on strategies for studying and improving the dynamics and durability of power equipment, discussing important issues relating to energy saving and environmental safety. Gathering selected contributions to the XIV International Conference on Advanced Mechanical and Power Engineering (CAMPE 2021), held online on October 18-21, 2021, from Kharkiv, Ukraine, this book offers a timely update and extensive information for both researchers and professionals in the field of mechanical and power engineering.

A step-by-step guide for students (and faculty) on the use of Aspen in teaching thermodynamics Easily-accessible modern computational techniques opening up new vistas in teaching thermodynamics A range of applications of Aspen Plus in the prediction and calculation of thermodynamic properties and phase behavior using the state-of-the art methods Encourages students to develop engineering insight by doing repetitive calculations with changes in parameters and/or models Calculations and application examples in a step-by-step manner designed for out-of-classroom self study Makes it possible to easily integrate Aspen Plus into thermodynamics courses without using in-class time Stresses the application of thermodynamics to real problems

This open access book introduces and explains machine learning (ML) algorithms and techniques developed for statistical inferences on a complex process or system and their applications to simulations of chemically reacting turbulent flows. These two fields, ML and turbulent combustion, have large body of work and knowledge on their own, and this book brings them together and explain the complexities and challenges involved in applying ML techniques to simulate and study reacting flows. This is important as to the world's total primary energy supply (TPES), since more than 90% of this supply is through combustion technologies and the non-negligible effects of combustion on environment. Although alternative technologies based on renewable energies are coming up, their shares for the TPES is are less than 5% currently and one needs a complete paradigm shift to replace combustion sources. Whether this is practical or not is entirely a different question, and an answer to this question depends on the respondent. However, a pragmatic analysis suggests that the combustion share to TPES is likely to be more than 70% even by 2070. Hence, it will be prudent to take advantage of ML techniques to improve combustion sciences and technologies so that efficient and "greener" combustion systems that are friendlier to the environment can be designed. The book covers the current state of the art in these two topics and outlines the challenges involved, merits and drawbacks of using ML for turbulent combustion simulations including avenues which can be explored to overcome the challenges. The required mathematical equations and backgrounds are discussed with ample references for readers to find further detail if they wish. This book is unique since there is not any book with similar coverage of topics, ranging from big data analysis and machine learning algorithm to their applications for combustion science and system design for energy generation.

This is a textbook on thermodynamics of materials for junior/senior undergraduate students and first-year graduate students as well as a reference book for researchers who would like to refresh their understanding of thermodynamics. The textbook employs a plain language to explain the thermodynamic concepts and quantities. It embraces the mathematical beauty and rigor of Gibbs thermodynamics through the fundamental equation of thermodynamics from which all thermodynamic properties of a material can be derived. However, a reader with basic first-year undergraduate calculus skills will be able to get through the book without difficulty. One unique feature of this textbook is the descriptions of the step-by-step procedures for computing all the thermodynamic properties from the fundamental equation of thermodynamics and all the thermodynamic energies from a set of common, experimentally measurable thermodynamic properties, supplemented with ample numerical examples. Another unique feature of this textbook is its emphasis on the concept of chemical potential and its applications to phase equilibria in single component systems and binary solutions, chemical reaction equilibria, and lattice and electronic defects in crystals. The concept of chemical potential is introduced at the very beginning of the book together with temperature and pressure. It avoids or minimizes the use of terms such as molar Gibbs free energy, partial molar Gibbs free energy, or Gibbs potential because molar Gibbs free energy or partial molar Gibbs free energy is precisely the chemical potential of a material or a component. It is the chemical potential that determines the stability of chemical species, compounds, and phases and their tendency to chemically react to form new species, transform to new physical state, and migrate from one spatial location to another. Therefore, it is the chemical potential differences or gradients that drive essentially all materials processes of interest. A reader after finishing reading the book is expected to not only achieve a high-level fundamental understanding of thermodynamics but also acquire the analytical skills of applying thermodynamics to determining materials equilibrium and driving forces for materials processes.

This book covers historical aspects and future directions of mechanical and industrial engineering. Chapters of this book include applied mechanics and design, tribology, machining, additive manufacturing and management of industrial technologies.

This monograph deals with the mechanics and thermodynamics of materials with memory, including properties of the dynamical equations that describe their evolution in time under varying loads. A work in four parts, the first is an introduction to continuum mechanics, including classical fluid mechanics, linear and non-linear elasticity. The second part considers continuum thermodynamics and its use to derive constitutive equations of materials with memory, including viscoelastic solids, fluids, heat conductors and some examples of non-simple materials. In the third part, free energies for materials with linear memory constitutive relations are discussed. The concept of a minimal state is introduced. Explicit formulae are presented for the minimum and related free energies. The final part deals with existence, uniqueness, and stability results for the integrodifferential equations describing the dynamical evolution of viscoelastic materials, including a new approach based on minimal states rather than histories. There are also chapters on the controllability of thermoelastic systems with memory, the Saint-Venant problem for viscoelastic materials and on the theory of inverse problems. The second edition includes a new chapter on thermoelectromagnetism as well as recent findings on minimal states and free energies. It considers the case of minimum free energies for non-simple materials and dielectrics, together with an introduction to fractional derivative models.

This book comprises the select proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Trends in Developments of Thermofluids and Renewable Energy (TFRE 2020). The major topics covered include aerodynamics, alternate energy, bio fuel, bio heat transfer, computational fluid dynamics, control mechanism for constant power generation, and energy storage. The book also discusses latest developments in the fields of electric vehicles, hybrid power systems, and solar and renewable energy. Given the scope of its contents, this book will be useful for students, researchers, and professionals interested in the field of thermofluids and renewable energy resources.

This book provides the latest achievements and original research work in physics of combustion processes and application of the methods developed in combustion physics for astrophysical problems of stars burning, supernovae explosions and a confined thermonuclear fusion. All the materials in the book are presented in a concise and easily accessible way, but at the same time provides a deep physical inside in the phenomena considered. It is an effective theoretical course with the direct practical implications in engineering fields of engine's development, energy production, safety issues inherent to terrestrial combustion, as well as in thermonuclear combustion in the inertial fusion. This book is aimed at university students, Ph.D. students and engineers, as well as professionals in combustion, energy-related research, astrophysics and researchers in neighboring fields.