This book presents fundamental theories, design and testing methodologies, and engineering applications concerning spacecraft thermal control systems, helping readers gain a comprehensive understanding of spacecraft thermal control systems and technologies. With abundant design methods, advanced technologies and typical applications to help them grasp the basic concepts and principles of engineering applications, it is mainly intended for engineering and technical staff engaged in spacecraft thermal control areas. The book discusses the thermal environments commonly used for space flight missions, rules and regulations for system design, thermal analysis and simulation, and thermal testing methods, as well as the design and validation of the thermal control systems for Chinese spacecraft, such as the Shenzhou spacecraft and Chang'e Lunar Lander and Rover. It also introduces them to communication and remote sensing satellites and presents advanced thermal control technologies developed in recent years, including heat transfer, heat insulation, heating, refrigeration and thermal sensor technologies. Addressing the design and validation of thermal control systems for various types of Chinese spacecraft, the book offers a valuable theoretical and practical reference guide for researchers and engineers alike.

This book discusses chemical engineering and processing, presenting selected contributions from PAIC 2019. It covers interdisciplinary technologies and sciences, like drug-delivery systems, nanoscale technology, environmental control, modelling and computational methods. The book also explores interdisciplinary aspects of chemical and biochemical engineering interconnected with process system engineering, process safety and computer science.

This book examines key issues in improving the efficiency of small and medium power boiler units by adding control systems for the fuel combustion process. The original models, algorithms, software and hardware of the system developed for controlling the fuel combustion process are presented. In turn, the book presents a methodology for assessing the influence of climatic factors on the combustion process, and proposes new methods for measuring the thermophysical characteristics, which require taking into account the concentration of oxygen in the air. The system developed here was implemented on a boiler of the NIISTU-5 type, which is widely used for heat power engineering in Ukraine and other Eastern European countries. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable asset for researchers and engineers, as well as lecturers and graduate students at higher education institutions dealing with heat engineering equipment.

Many exciting new developments in microscale engineering are based on the application of traditional principles of statistical thermodynamics. In this text Van Carey offers a modern view of thermodynamics, interweaving classical and statistical thermodynamic principles and applying them to current engineering systems. He begins with coverage of microscale energy storage mechanisms from a quantum mechanics perspective and then develops the fundamental elements of classical and statistical thermodynamics. Subsequent chapters discuss applications of equilibrium statistical thermodynamics to solid, liquid, and gas phase systems. The remainder of the book is devoted to nonequilibrium thermodynamics of transport phenomena and to nonequilibrium effects and noncontinuum behavior at the microscale. Although the text emphasizes mathematical development, Carey includes many examples and exercises to illustrate how the theoretical concepts are applied to systems of scientific and engineering interest. In the process he offers a fresh view of statistical thermodynamics for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as practitioners, in mechanical, chemical, and materials engineering.

This book is structured in four parts: First, it analyzes the sustainability objectives established for the building stock and the importance of thermal comfort in this aspect. Second, the existing adaptive thermal comfort models and the main energy-saving measures associated with these models are analyzed. Third, the energy savings obtained with these measures are analyzed in several case studies, comparing the results obtained with other energy conservation measures, such as the improvement of the facade. The analysis is carried out from an energy and economic perspective. Finally, a decision-making process based on fuzzy logic is established. As an expected result, the content of the book contributes to assist architects in designing more efficient buildings from the perspective of user behavior.

The internal combustion engine that powers the modern automobile has changed very little from its initial design of some eighty years ago. Unlike many high tech advances, engine design still depends on an understanding of basic fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. This text offers a fresh approach to the study of engines, with an emphasis on design and on fluid dynamics. Professor Lumley, a renowned fluid dynamicist, provides a lucid explanation of how air and fuel are mixed, how they get into the engine, what happens to them there, and how they get out again. Particular attention is given to the complex issue of pollution. Every chapter includes numerous illustrations and examples and concludes with homework problems. Examples are taken from the early days of engine design, as well as the latest designs, such as stratified charge gasoline direct injection engines. It is intended that the text be used in conjunction with the Stanford Engine Simulation Program (ESP). This user-friendly, interactive software tool answers a significant need not addressed by other texts on engines. Aimed at undergraduate and first-year graduate students, the book will also appeal to hobbyists and car buffs who will appreciate the wealth of illustrations of classic, racing, and modern engines.

This book marks the 60th birthday of Prof. Vladimir Erofeev - a well-known specialist in the field of wave processes in solids, fluids, and structures. Featuring a collection of papers related to Prof. Erofeev's contributions in the field, it presents articles on the current problems concerning the theory of nonlinear wave processes in generalized continua and structures. It also discusses a number of applications as well as various discrete and continuous dynamic models of structures and media and problems of nonlinear acoustic diagnostics.

This book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Innovations in Thermo-Fluid Engineering and Sciences (ICITFES 2020). It covers topics in theoretical and experimental fluid dynamics, numerical methods in heat transfer and fluid mechanics, different modes of heat transfer, multiphase flow, fluid machinery, fluid power, refrigeration and air conditioning, and cryogenics. The book will be helpful to the researchers, scientists, and professionals working in the field of fluid mechanics and machinery, and thermal engineering.

This book is intended to serve as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as professionals engaged in application of thermo-fluid science to the study of combustion. The relevant thermo-chemistry and thermo-physical data required for this study are provided in the 6 appendices along with appropriate curve-fit coefficients. To facilitate gradual learning, two chapters are devoted to thermodynamics of pure and gaseous mixture substances, followed by one chapter each on chemical equilibrium and chemical kinetics. This material when coupled with a dedicated chapter on understanding of equations governing transport of momentum, heat and mass in the presence of chemical reactions provides adequate grounding to undertake analysis of practical combustion equipment, of premixed and diffusion flames as well as of solid particle and liquid droplet combustion. The learnings from the aforementioned chapters are taken to a uniquely strong chapter on application case studies, some of which have special relevance for developing countries.

This book is a translation from a Russian book. In 2007, the authors created a new generation of layered composite-based sensors, whose advantages are high technology and thermal stability. The use of gradient heat flux sensors in laboratory and industrial conditions confirmed their reliability, showed high information, and allowed a number of priority results to be obtained. All of this is summarized in this book.

This text book covers the principles and methods of load effect calculations that are necessary for engineers and designers to evaluate the strength and stability of structural systems. It contains the mathematical development from basic assumptions to final equations ready for practical use. It starts at a basic level and step by step it brings the reader up to a level where the necessary design safety considerations to static load effects can be performed, i.e. to a level where cross sectional forces and corresponding stresses can be calculated and compared to the strength of the system. It contains a comprehensive coverage of elastic buckling, providing the basis for the evaluation of structural stability. It includes general methods enabling designers to calculate structural displacements, such that the system may fulfil its intended functions. It is taken for granted that the reader possess good knowledge of calculus, differential equations and basic matrix operations. The finite element method for line-like systems has been covered, but not the finite element method for shells and plates.

Sebastian Hann describes the development of a quasi-dimensional burn rate model that enables the prediction of a fuel variation, without the need for a recalibration of the model. The model is valid for spark-ignition combustion engines powered by conventional and carbon-neutral fuels. Its high predictive ability was achieved by modeling the fuel-dependent laminar flame speed based on reaction kinetics calculations. In addition, the author discards a fuel influence on flame wrinkling by performing an engine measurement data analysis. He investigates the fuel influence on engine knock and models it via ignition delay times obtained from reaction kinetics calculations.

This book presents the latest information on the intelligent CNC machine tool spindle system, which integrates various disciplines such as mechanical engineering, control engineering, computer science and information technology. It describes a prediction method and model for temperature rise and thermal deformation in motorized spindles and proposes an intelligent stator resistance identification method to reduce the torque ripple of motorized spindles under direct torque control. Further, it discusses the on-line dynamic balance method for NC machine tool spindles. The biogeographic optimization algorithm and hybrid intelligent algorithm presented here were first applied in the field of motorized spindle performance control. In turn, the book presents extensive motorized spindle performance test data and includes detailed examples of how intelligent algorithms can be applied to motor spindle stator resistance identification, temperature field prediction and on-line dynamic balance. In summary, the book provides readers with the latest tools for designing, testing and implementing intelligent motorized spindle systems in terms of the basic theory, technological applications and future prospects, and offers a wealth of practical information for researchers in mechanical engineering, especially in the area of control systems.

PCM Enhanced Building Envelopes presents the latest research in the field of thermal energy storage technologies that can be applied to solar heating and cooling with the aim of shifting and reducing building energy demand. It discusses both practical and technical issues, as well as the advantages of using common phase change materials (PCMs) in buildings as a more efficient, novel solution for passive solar heating/cooling strategies. The book includes qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the science, technology and practices of PCM-based building envelopes, and reflects recent trends by placing emphasis on energy storage solutions within building walls, floors, ceilings, facades, windows, and shading devices. With the aim of assessing buildings' energy performance, the book provides advanced modeling and simulation tools as a theoretical basis for the analysis of PCM-based building envelopes in terms of heat storage and transfer. This book will be of interest to all those dealing with building energy analysis such as researchers, academics, students and professionals in the fields of mechanical and civil engineering and architectural design

This book consists of select proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (ICETMIE) 2019. It covers current trends in thermal, design, industrial, production and other sub-disciplines of mechanical engineering. This volume focuses on different areas of design engineering including computational mechanics, computational fluid dynamics, finite elements in modelling, simulation, analysis and design, kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies, micro- and nano-mechanics, solid mechanics and structural mechanics, vibration and acoustics, applied mechanics, and biomechanics. It also covers various topics from thermal engineering including refrigeration plants, heat exchangers, heat pumps and heat pipes, combined heat and power and advanced alternative cycles, polygeneration, combustion processes, heat transfer, solar cells, solar thermal power plants, and the integration of renewable energy with conventional processes. This book will be useful for students, researchers as well as professionals working in the area of mechanical engineering, especially thermal engineering and engineering design and other allied areas.

This book focuses on theoretical thermotics, the theory of transformation thermotics and its extended theories for the active control of macroscopic thermal phenomena of artificial systems, which is in sharp contrast to classical thermodynamics comprising the four thermodynamic laws for the passive description of macroscopic thermal phenomena of natural systems. The book covers the basic concepts and mathematical methods, which are necessary to understand thermal problems extensively investigated in physics, but also in other disciplines of engineering and materials. The analyses rely on models solved by analytical techniques accompanied with computer simulations and laboratory experiments. This book serves both as a reference work for senior researchers and a study text for zero beginners.

This book serves as an introduction to cryocooler technology and describes the principle applications of cryocoolers across a broad range of fields. It covers the specific requirements of these applications, and describes how the advantages and disadvantages of different cryocooler systems are taken into consideration. For example, Stirling coolers tend to be used only in space applications because of their high coefficient of performance, low weight and proven reliability, whilst Gifford-McMahon coolers are used for ground applications, such as in cryopumps and MRI shield cooling applications. Joule-Thomson cryocoolers are used in missile technology because of the fast cool down requirements. The cryocooler field is fast developing and the number of applications are growing because of the increasing costs of the cryogens such as Helium and Neon. The first chapter of the book introduces the different types of cryocoolers, their classification, working principles, and their design aspects, and briefly mentions some of the applications of these systems. This introductory chapter is followed by a number of contributions from prominent international researchers, each describing a specific field of application, the cooling requirements and the cryocooler systems employed. These areas of application include gas liquefaction, space technology, medical science, dilution refrigerators, missile systems, and physics research including particle accelerators. Each chapter describes the cooling requirements based on the end use, the approximate cooling load calculations, the criteria for cryocooler selection, the arrangement for cryocooler placement, the connection of the cooler to the object to be cooled, and includes genuine case studies. Intended primarily for researchers working on cryocoolers, the book will also serve as an introduction to cryocooler technology for students, and a useful reference for those using cryocooler systems in any area of application.

This book is about the optimization of the characterization of the thermal properties of building envelopes, through experimental tests and the use of artificial intelligence. It analyses periodic and stationary thermal properties using measurement approaches based on the heat flow meter method and the thermometric method. These measurements are then analysed using advanced artificial intelligence algorithms. The book is structured in four parts, beginning with a discussion of the importance of thermal properties in the energy performance of buildings. Secondly, theoretical and experimental methods for characterizing thermal properties are analysed. Then, the methodology is developed, and the characteristics and properties of the algorithms used are explored. Finally, the results obtained with the algorithms are analysed and the most appropriate approaches are determined. This book is of interest to researchers, civil and industrial engineers, energy auditors and architects, by providing a resource which improves energy audit tasks in existing buildings.

This book presents selected and peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Thermofluids (KIIT Thermo 2020). It focuses on the latest studies and findings in the areas of fluid dynamics, heat transfer, thermodynamics, and combustion. Some of the topics covered in the book include electronic cooling, HVAC system analysis, inverse heat transfer, combustion, nano-fluids, multiphase flow, high-speed flow, and shock waves. The book includes both experimental and numerical studies along with a few review chapters from experienced researchers, and is expected to lead to new research in this important area. This book is of interest to students, researchers as well as practitioners working in the areas of fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, and combustion.

In this concise yet comprehensive book, the author discusses the principles of mass, momentum, and energy transport, and derives balance equations for single-component fluids and multicomponent mixtures based on the direct application of natural laws and principles of thermodynamics. Transport equations over control volumes are formulated with reference to the Reynolds transport equation, thereby circumventing the need for ad-hoc balances for open systems that are best justified in hindsight. Notable features with regard to mass transport include the interpretation of diffusion in mixtures in terms of species parcel motion and separation, the introduction of Fick's and fractional diffusion laws with reference to random molecular excursions, a detailed account of species and mixture kinematics and dynamics, and the discussion of partial stresses, energies, and entropies of individual mixture components. Key features of this book include: * The governing equations are derived from first principles based on the application of natural laws and principles of thermodynamics * Balances over control volumes are derived from rigorous equations governing material parcel property evolution * Fick's law, a fractional diffusion law, and other diffusion laws are discussed with reference to random walks * A detailed account of species and mixture kinematics and dynamics is presented for binary and multicomponent solutions * A tabulated summary of transport equations is presented in differential and integral forms, and an overview of classical thermodynamics is given in an appendix for a self-contained discourse C. Pozrikidis has taught at the University of California and the University of Massachusetts. He is the author of several books on theoretical and computational topics in science and engineering, applied mathematics, scientific computing, and computer science.

This book provides general guidelines for solving thermal problems in the fields of engineering and natural sciences. Written for a wide audience, from beginner to senior engineers and physicists, it provides a comprehensive framework covering theory and practice and including numerous fundamental and real-world examples. Based on the thermodynamics of various material laws, it focuses on the mathematical structure of the continuum models and their experimental validation. In addition to several examples in renewable energy, it also presents thermal processes in space, and summarizes size-dependent, non-Fourier, and non-Fickian problems, which have increasing practical relevance in, e.g., the semiconductor industry. Lastly, the book discusses the key aspects of numerical methods, particularly highlighting the role of boundary conditions in the modeling process. The book provides readers with a comprehensive toolbox, addressing a wide variety of topics in thermal modeling, from constructing material laws to designing advanced power plants and engineering systems.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of thermodynamics. It is divided into four parts, the first of which equips readers with a deeper understanding of the fundamental principles of thermodynamics of equilibrium states and of their evolution. The second part applies these principles to a series of generalized situations, presenting applications that are of interest both in their own right and in terms of demonstrating how thermodynamics, as a theory of principle, relates to different fields. In turn, the third part focuses on non-equilibrium configurations and the dynamics of natural processes. It discusses both discontinuous and continuous systems, highlighting the interference among non-equilibrium processes, and the nature of stationary states and of fluctuations in isolated systems. Lastly, part four introduces the relation between physics and information theory, which constitutes a new frontier in fundamental research. The book includes step-by-step exercises, with solutions, to help readers to gain a fuller understanding of the subjects, and also features a series of appendices providing useful mathematical formulae. Reflecting the content of modern university courses on thermodynamics, it is a valuable resource for students and young scientists in the fields of physics, chemistry, and engineering.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 11th KES International Conference on Sustainability and Energy in Buildings 2019 (SEB19) held in Budapest, 4th -5th July 2019 organised by KES International in partnership with Cardiff Metropolitan University, Wales, UK. SEB-19 invited contributions on a range of topics related to sustainable buildings and explored innovative themes regarding sustainable energy systems. The aim of the conference was to bring together researchers, and government and industry professionals to discuss the future of energy in buildings, neighbourhoods and cities from a theoretical, practical, implementation and simulation perspective. The conference formed an exciting chance to present, interact, and learn about the latest research and practical developments on the subject. The conference attracted submissions from around the world. Submissions for the Full-Paper Track were subjected to a blind peer-review process. Only the best of these were selected for presentation at the conference and publication in these proceedings. It is intended that this volume provides a useful and informative snapshot of recent research developments in the important and vibrant area of Sustainability in Energy and Buildings.

This book advances a new view of phenomena associated with the spray of liquids from a nozzle in a gas. New results of experimental studies and numerical simulation of the hydrodynamics of an emerging two-phase flow and accompanying interphase heat and mass transfer therein are presented. The book is ideal for specialists who develop and use technologies involving the spraying of liquids in a gas, such as burning and pyrolysis of liquid hydrocarbons, granulation and drying of polymers, and dust and gas scrubbing.

In a comprehensive treatment of Statistical Mechanics from thermodynamics through the renormalization group, this book serves as the core text for a full-year graduate course in statistical mechanics at either the Masters or Ph.D. level. Each chapter contains numerous exercises, and several chapters treat special topics which can be used as the basis for student projects. The concept of scaling is introduced early and used extensively throughout the text. At the heart of the book is an extensive treatment of mean field theory, from the simplest decoupling approach, through the density matrix formalism, to self-consistent classical and quantum field theory as well as exact solutions on the Cayley tree. Proceeding beyond mean field theory, the book discusses exact mappings involving Potts models, percolation, self-avoiding walks and quenched randomness, connecting various athermal and thermal models. Computational methods such as series expansions and Monte Carlo simulations are discussed, along with exact solutions to the 1D quantum and 2D classical Ising models. The renormalization group formalism is developed, starting from real-space RG and proceeding through a detailed treatment of Wilson's epsilon expansion. Finally the subject of Kosterlitz-Thouless systems is introduced from a historical perspective and then treated by methods due to Anderson, Kosterlitz, Thouless and Young. Altogether, this comprehensive, up-to-date, and engaging text offers an ideal package for advanced undergraduate or graduate courses or for use in self study.