Based on courses for students of science, engineering, and systems science at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences at Winterthur, this text approaches the fundamentals of thermodynamics from the point of view of continuum physics. By describing physical processes in terms of the flow and balance of physical quantities, the author achieves a unified approach to hydraulics, electricity, mechanics and thermodynamics. In this way, it becomes clear that entropy is the fundamental property that is transported in thermal processes (i.e., heat), and that temperature is the corresponding potential. The resulting theory of the creation, flow, and balance of entropy provides the foundation of a dynamical theory of heat. This extensively revised and updated second edition includes new material on dynamical chemical processes, thermoelectricity, and explicit dynamical modeling of thermal and chemical processes. To make the book more useful for courses on thermodynamics and physical chemistry at different levels, coverage of topics is divided into introductory and more advanced and formal treatments. Previous knowledge of thermodynamics is not required, but the reader should be familiar with basic electricity, mechanics, and chemistry and should have some knowledge of elementary calculus. The special feature of the first edition -- the integration of thermodynamics, heat transfer, and chemical processes -- has been maintained and strengthened. Key Features: * First revised edition of a successful text/reference in fourteen years * More than 25 percent new material * Provides a unified approach to thermodynamics and heat transport in fundamental physical and chemical processes * Includes worked examples, questions, and problem sets for use as a teaching text or to test the reader's understanding * Includes many system dynamics models of laboratory experiments

This book is a superb tool in virtually all application areas involving the Kinetic Theory of Gases, Rarefied Gas Dynamics, Transport Theory, and Aerosol Mechanics. It has been especially designed to serve a dual function, both as a teaching instrument either in a classroom environment or at home, and as a reference for scientists and engineers working in the fields of Rarefied Gas Dynamics and Aerosol Mechanics.

This monograph is devoted to nonlinear dynamics of thin plates and shells with thermosensitive excitation. Because of the variety of sizes and types of mathematical models in current use, there is no prospect of solving them analytically. However, the book emphasizes a rigorous mathematical treatment of the obtained differential equations, since it helps efficiently in further developing of various suitable numerical algorithms to solve the stated problems.

Thermodynamics is the much abused slave of many masters * physicists who love the totally impractical Carnot process, * mechanical engineers who design power stations and refrigerators, * chemists who are successfully synthesizing ammonia and are puzzled by photosynthesis, * meteorologists who calculate cloud bases and predict foehn, boraccia and scirocco, * physico-chemists who vulcanize rubber and build fuel cells, * chemical engineers who rectify natural gas and distil f- mented potato juice, * metallurgists who improve steels and harden surfaces, * - trition counselors who recommend a proper intake of calories, * mechanics who adjust heat exchangers, * architects who construe - and often misconstrue - ch- neys, * biologists who marvel at the height of trees, * air conditioning engineers who design saunas and the ventilation of air plane cabins, * rocket engineers who create supersonic flows, et cetera. Not all of these professional groups need the full depth and breadth of ther- dynamics. For some it is enough to consider a well-stirred tank, for others a s- tionary nozzle flow is essential, and yet others are well-served with the partial d- ferential equation of heat conduction. It is therefore natural that thermodynamics is prone to mutilation; different group-specific meta-thermodynamics' have emerged which serve the interest of the groups under most circumstances and leave out aspects that are not often needed in their fields.

A systematic control of mixture formation with modern high-pressure injection systems enables us to achieve considerable improvements of the combustion pr- ess in terms of reduced fuel consumption and engine-out raw emissions. However, because of the growing number of free parameters due to more flexible injection systems, variable valve trains, the application of different combustion concepts within different regions of the engine map, etc., the prediction of spray and m- ture formation becomes increasingly complex. For this reason, the optimization of the in-cylinder processes using 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) becomes increasingly important. In these CFD codes, the detailed modeling of spray and mixture formation is a prerequisite for the correct calculation of the subsequent processes like ignition, combustion and formation of emissions. Although such simulation tools can be viewed as standard tools today, the predictive quality of the sub-models is c- stantly enhanced by a more accurate and detailed modeling of the relevant pr- esses, and by the inclusion of new important mechanisms and effects that come along with the development of new injection systems and have not been cons- ered so far. In this book the most widely used mathematical models for the simulation of spray and mixture formation in 3D CFD calculations are described and discussed. In order to give the reader an introduction into the complex processes, the book starts with a description of the fundamental mechanisms and categories of fuel - jection, spray break-up, and mixture formation in internal combustion engines.

Free Convective Heat Transfer is a thorough survey of various kinds of free-convective flows and heat transfer. Reference data are accompanied by a large number of photographs originating from different optical visualization methods illustrating the different types of flow. The formulas derived from numerical and analytical investigations are valuable tools for engineering calculations. They are written in their most compact and general form in order to allow for an extensive range of different variants of boundary and initial conditions, which, in turn, leads to a wide applicability to different flow types. Some specific engineering problems are solved in the book as exemplary applications of these formulas.

This book offers an easy to read, all-embracing history of thermodynamics. It describes the long development of thermodynamics, from the misunderstood and misinterpreted to the conceptually simple and extremely useful theory that we know today. Coverage identifies not only the famous physicists who developed the field, but also engineers and scientists from other disciplines who helped in the development and spread of thermodynamics as well.

Everything important, up-to-date and practical about turbopumps can be found in this book. The material is arranged to cover the most important topics, from basic theories to practical applications. This book can also serve as a useful textbook for students who are taking courses in the area of turbopumps and hydraulic machineries. It is the complete reference book for turbopumps.

This book provides control engineers and workers in industrial and academic research establishments interested in process engineering with a means to build up a practical and functional supervisory control environment and to use sophisticated models to get the best use out of their process data. Several applications to academic and small-scale-industrial processes are discussed and the development of a supervision platform for an industrial plant is presented.

Discover the many facets of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The first part of this book describes the current thermodynamic formalism recognized as the classical theory. The second part focuses on different approaches. Throughout the presentation, the emphasis is on problem-solving applications. To help build your understanding, some problems have been analyzed using several formalisms to underscore their differences and their similarities.

This book provides a working knowledge of the modeling and engineering applications of shape memory alloys (SMAs), beginning with a rigorous introduction to continuum mechanics and continuum thermodynamics as they relate to the development of SMA modeling.Modern SMAs can recover from large amounts of bending and deformation, and millions of repetitions within recoverable ranges. SMAs are used in the medical industry to create stents, in the dental industry to create dental and orthodontic archwires, and in the aerospace industry to create fluid fittings. The text presents a unified approach to the constitutive modeling of SMAs, including modeling of magnetic and high temperature SMAs.

Microfluidics for Biological Applications provides researchers and scientists in the biotechnology, pharmaceutical, and life science industries with an introduction to the basics of microfluidics and also discusses how to link these technologies to various biological applications at the industrial and academic level. Readers will gain insight into a wide variety of biological applications for microfluidics.

The material presented here is divided into four parts, Part I gives perspective on the history and development of microfluidic technologies, Part II presents overviews on how microfluidic systems have been used to study and manipulate specific classes of components, Part III focuses on specific biological applications of microfluidics: biodefense, diagnostics, high throughput screening, and tissue engineering and finally Part IV concludes with a discussion of emerging trends in the microfluidics field and the current challenges to the growth and continuing success of the field.

This volume contains an archival record of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Microfluidics Based Microsystems - Fundamentals and App- cations held in Ce ?me-Izmir, Turkey, August 23-September 4, 2009. ASIs are intended to be high-level teaching activity in scientific and technical areas of current concern. In this volume, the reader may find interesting chapters and various microsystems fundamentals and applications. As the world becomes increasingly concerned with terrorism, early - spot detection of terrorist's weapons, particularly bio-weapons agents such as bacteria and viruses are extremely important. NATO Public Diplomacy division, Science for Peace and Security section support research, Advanced Study Institutes and workshops related to security. Keeping this policy of NATO in mind, we made such a proposal on Microsystems for security. We are very happy that leading experts agreed to come and lecture in this important NATO ASI. We will see many examples that will show us Microfluidics usefulness for rapid diagnostics following a bioterrorism attack. For the applications in national security and anti-terrorism, microfluidic system technology must meet the challenges. To develop microsystems for security and to provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art assessment of the existing research and applications by treating the subject in considerable depth through lectures from eminent professionals in the field, through discussions and panel sessions are very beneficial for young scientists in the field."

This brilliant treatise is based on extensive experimental and technological data derived from high-temperature materials development processes. The distinguished authors analyse results from the development of nuclear reactors and aerospace rocket engines. They apply this data to the problem of bearing capacity and the fracture of thermally loaded bodies. They establish new regularities of fracture at various modes of local and combined thermal loading.

Thisbookdealswith theclassicalkinetictheoryofgases.Itsaimisto present the basic principles of this theory within an elementary framework and from a more rigorous approach based on the Boltzmann equation. The subjects are presented in a self-contained manner such that the readers can und- stand and learn some methods used in the kinetic theory of gases in order to investigate the Boltzmann equation. In Chapter 1, a sketch on the evolution of the ideas of the kinetic theory is presented. Afterwards, the basic principles of an elementary kinetic theory areintroduced,which arebasedonthe concepts ofmean freepath, molecular mean velocity and mean free time. The Maxwellian distribution function is determinedfromstatisticalarguments,andthetransportcoe?cients ofshear viscosity, thermal conductivity and self-di?usion are obtained from the e- mentary theory. The most common interaction potentials used in the kinetic theory of gases are also introduced in this chapter, and the dynamics of a binary collision is analyzed. Chapter 2 is dedicated to the study of the Boltzmann equation. First, the BoltzmannequationisderivedandtheequationsoftheBBGKYhierarchyare determined.Fromtheknowledgeofthetransferequation-whichfollowsfrom theBoltzmannequation-themacroscopicbalanceequationsforthemoments ofthedistributionfunctionarederived. Theequilibriumdistributionfunction is determined from the Boltzmann equation and the equilibrium states of a rare?ed gas are also analyzed. In this chapter, theH-theorem and the paradoxes of Loschmidt and Zermelo are discussed. The chapter ends with an analysis of the di?erent forms of the entropy which are used in statistical mechanics to describe the canonical and microcanonical ensembles.

As concerns with the efficient use of energy resources, and the minimization of environmental damage have come to the fore, there has been a renewed interest in the role that thermoelectric devices could play in generating electricity from waste heat, enabling cooling via refrigerators with no moving parts, and many other more specialized applications. The main problem in realizing this ambition is the rather low efficiency of such devices for general applications. This book deals with the proceedings of a workshop addressed that problems by reviewing the latest experimental and theoretical work on suitable materials for device applications and by exploring various strategies that might increase their efficiency.

The proceedings cover a broad range of approaches, from the experimental work of fabricating new compounds through to theoretical work in characterizing and understanding their properties. The effects of strong electron correlation, disorder, the proximity to metal-insulator transitions, the properties of layered composite materials, and the introduction of voids or cages into the structure to reduce the lattice thermal conductivity are all explored as ways of enhancing the efficiency of their use in thermoelectric devices.

Fully revised to match the more traditional sequence of course materials, this full-color second edition presents the basic principles and methods of thermodynamics using a clear and engaging style and a wealth of end-of-chapter problems. It includes five new chapters on topics such as mixtures, psychometry, chemical equilibrium, and combustion, and discussion of the Second Law of Thermodynamics has been expanded and divided into two chapters, allowing instructors to introduce the topic using either the cycle analysis in Chapter 6 or the definition of entropy in Chapter 7. Online ancillaries including new LMS testbanks, a password-protected solutions manual, prepared PowerPoint lecture slides, instructional videos, and figures in electronic format are available at www.cambridge.org/thermo

A much-needed reference focusing on the theory, design, and applications of a broad range of surface types.
* Written by three of the best-known experts in the field.
* Covers compact heat exchangers, periodic heat flow, boiling off finned surfaces, and other essential topics.

Channeling or controlling the heat generated by electronics products is a vital concern of product developers: fail to confront this issue and the chances of product failure escalate. This third book in the series explores yet another method of heat management-the use of liquids to absorb and remove heat away from vital parts of the electronic systems.

This book gives a comprehensive account of the principles and practical methods applicable to transient temperature measurements in engineering and science. Transient temperatures are taken to be in the range from about 200K to 6000K and with timescales from tenths of nanoseconds to tens of seconds. Within these limits is a very large field of combustion and gas dynamics and these are the principle areas which are addressed. Several new experimental and theoretical techniques are introduced and various modes of thermal failure are described. The chapters move from undergraduate material to the latest methods and are designed to be of use to the widest possible range of engineers, scientists, and students working in universities or in chemical or mechanical engineering. Many applications are described. This book is intended for engineers and scientists concerned with measurement of transient temperatures (rapidly changing heating conditions). Mechanical and chemical engineers experimental physicists chemists.

Thermal and flow processes are ubiquitous in mechanical, aerospace and chemical engineering systems. Experimental methods including thermal and flow diagnostics are therefore an important element in preparation of future engineers and researchers in this field. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of experimentation, a fundamental guidance book is essential in the engineering curriculum and as a technical reference. Thermal and Flow Measurements provides a synthesis of the basic science and engineering of diagnostic methods that students and engineers need to understand, design and apply to measurements in mechanical, aerospace and chemical engineering processes. A clear exposition is given on the basic concepts and application aspects of a wide range of thermal and flow diagnostics, starting from basic sensors, flow visualization, velocimetry, laser optical diagnostics, particle sizing methods, gas sampling methods, to micro-, nano-scale sensors and lidars. The presentation of topics allow readers to see the fundamental principles behind each methodology as well as the application details.

This book gives a progress report on the many and original contributions of radiation chemistry to the fundamental knowledge of the vast domain of chemical reactions and its applications. Radiation chemistry techniques indeed make it possible to elucidate detailed physicochemical mechanisms in inorganic and organic chemistry (including in space) and in biochemistry. Moreover, this comprehension is applied in materials science to precisely control syntheses by radiation, such as radiopolymerisation, radiografting, speci c treatment of surfaces (textiles, paintings, inks, etc.), synthesis of complex nanomaterials, degradation of environmental pollutants and radioresistance of materials for nuclear reactors. In life sciences, the study of the effects of radiation on biomacromolecules (DNA, proteins, lipids) not only permits the comprehension of normal or pathological biological mechanisms, but also the improvement of our health. In particular, many advances in cancer radiotherapy, in the radioprotection of nuclear workers and the general population, as well as in the treatment of diseases and the radiosterilization of drugs, could be obtained thanks to this research. Abundantly illustrated and written in English by top international specialists who have taken care to render the subjects accessible, this work will greatly interest those curious about a scienti c eld that is new to them and students attracted by the original and multidisciplinary aspects of the eld. At a time when radiation chemistry research is experiencing spectacular development in numerous countries, this book will attract many newcomers to the eld.

A modern and broad exposition emphasizing heat transfer by convection. This edition contains valuable new information primarily pertaining to flow and heat transfer in porous media and computational fluid dynamics as well as recent advances in turbulence modeling. Problems of a mixed theoretical and practical nature provide an opportunity to test mastery of the material.

This book presents different numerical modeling and nature-inspired optimization methods in advanced manufacturing processes for understanding the process characteristics. Particular emphasis is devoted to applications in non-conventional machining, nano-finishing, precision casting, porous biofabrication, three-dimensional printing, and micro-/nanoscale modeling. The book includes practical implications of empirical, analytical, and numerical models for predicting the vital output responses. Especial attention is given to finite element methods (FEMs) for understanding the design of novel highly complex engineering products, their performances, and behaviors under simulated processing conditions.

The well known transport laws of Navier-Stokes and Fourier fail for the simulation of processes on lengthscales in the order of the mean free path of a particle that is when the Knudsen number is not small enough. Thus, the proper simulation of flows in rarefied gases requires a more detailed description.

This book discusses classical and modern methods to derive macroscopic transport equations for rarefied gases from the Boltzmann equation, for small and moderate Knudsen numbers, i.e. at and above the Navier-Stokes-Fourier level. The main methods discussed are the classical Chapman-Enskog and Grad approaches, as well as the new order of magnitude method, which avoids the short-comings of the classical methods, but retains their benefits. The relations between the various methods are carefully examined, and the resulting equations are compared and tested for a variety of standard problems.

The book develops the topic starting from the basic description of an ideal gas, over the derivation of the Boltzmann equation, towards the various methods for deriving macroscopic transport equations, and the test problems which include stability of the equations, shock waves, and Couette flow.