This book serves as an extensive practice manual for the understanding and practice of heat exchanger design fundamentals and principles. It also provides a useful resource to upper undergraduate students, who are required to complete final year design projects as part of graduation. The book complements other key topics in science and engineering courses well, such as the branch of thermodynamics which relates closely to the core design principles for heat exchanger networks (FThis book serves as an extensive practice manual for the understanding and practice of heat exchanger design fundamentals and principles. It also provides a useful resource to upper undergraduate students, who are required to complete final year design projects as part of graduation. The book complements other key topics in science and engineering courses well, such as the branch of thermodynamics which relates closely to the core design principles for heat exchanger networks (First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics). Provides balanced content with numerical and open-ended problems; Tailored to the needs of students and teachers; Concise yet rigorous treatment of concepts; Incorporates use of visuals to aid learning; Reinforces engineering concepts in real-life applications.

This textbook presents the classical treatment of the problems of heat transfer in an exhaustive manner with due emphasis on understanding of the physics of the problems. This emphasis will be especially visible in the chapters on convective heat transfer. Emphasis is also laid on the solution of steady and unsteady two-dimensional heat conduction problems. Another special feature of the book is a chapter on introduction to design of heat exchangers and their illustrative design problems. A simple and understandable treatment of gaseous radiation has been presented. A special chapter on flat plate solar air heater has been incorporated that covers mathematical modeling of the air heater. The chapter on mass transfer has been written looking specifically at the needs of the students of mechanical engineering. The book includes a large number and variety of solved problems with supporting line diagrams. A number of application-based examples have been incorporated where applicable. The end-of-chapter exercise problems are supplemented with stepwise answers. Though the book has been primarily designed to serve as a complete textbook for undergraduate and graduate students of mechanical engineering, it will also be useful for students of chemical, aerospace, automobile, production, and industrial engineering streams. The book fully covers the topics of heat transfer coursework and can also be used as an excellent reference for students preparing for competitive graduate examinations.

Der Leser bzw. die Leserin findet anschaulich dargestellte Grundlagen verfahrenstechnischer Fragestellungen unter Berucksichtigung moderner Methoden. Das Buch enthalt sowohl Berechnungsmodelle als auch praxisnahe Berechnungsformeln bzw. bewahrte Losungswege zur Auslegung thermischer Trennanlagen. Ausserdem wird die industrielle Realisierung anhand von Abbildungen und Tabellen inklusive der technischen Daten detailliert behandelt. Viele Querverweise und ein umfangreiches Sachverzeichnis erleichtern das Auffinden von Zusammenhangen bzw. alternativen Losungswegen. Die Inhalte sind mit Abbildungen, Tabellen und mathematischen Formeln illustriert.
Das Buch vermittelt keinesfalls nur Grundlagen, sondern zeichnet sich durch einen deutlichen Praxisbezug aus, unter anderem durch die Darstellung zahlreicher technisch realisierter Prozesse und Apparate."

This substantially updated and augmented second edition adds over 200 pages of text covering and an array of newer developments in nanoscale thermal transport. In Nano/Microscale Heat Transfer, 2nd edition, Dr. Zhang expands his classroom-proven text to incorporate thermal conductivity spectroscopy, time-domain and frequency-domain thermoreflectance techniques, quantum size effect on specific heat, coherent phonon, minimum thermal conductivity, interface thermal conductance, thermal interface materials, 2D sheet materials and their unique thermal properties, soft materials, first-principles simulation, hyperbolic metamaterials, magnetic polaritons, and new near-field radiation experiments and numerical simulations. Informed by over 12 years use, the author's research experience, and feedback from teaching faculty, the book has been reorganized in many sections and enriched with more examples and homework problems. Solutions for selected problems are also available to qualified faculty via a password-protected website.* Substantially updates and augments the widely adopted original edition, adding over 200 pages and many new illustrations;* Incorporates student and faculty feedback from a decade of classroom use;* Elucidates concepts explained with many examples and illustrations;* Supports student application of theory with 300 homework problems;* Maximizes reader understanding of micro/nanoscale thermophysical properties and processes and how to apply them to thermal science and engineering;* Features MATLAB codes for working with size and temperature effects on thermal conductivity, specific heat of nanostructures, thin-film optics, RCWA, and near-field radiation.

This inter-disciplinary guide to the thermodynamics of living organisms has been thoroughly revised and updated to provide a uniquely integrated overview of the subject. Retaining its highly readable style, it will serve as an introduction to the study of energy transformation in the life sciences and particularly as an accessible means for biology, biochemistry and bioengineering undergraduate students to acquaint themselves with the physical dimension of their subject. The emphasis throughout the text is on understanding basic concepts and developing problem-solving skills. The mathematical difficulty increases gradually by chapter, but no calculus is required. Topics covered include energy and its transformation, the First Law of Thermodynamics, Gibbs free energy, statistical thermodynamics, binding equilibria and reaction kinetics. Each chapter comprises numerous illustrative examples taken from different areas of biochemistry, as well as a broad range of exercises and references for further study.

Computational tools allow material scientists to model and analyze increasingly complicated systems to appreciate material behavior. Accurate use and interpretation however, requires a strong understanding of the thermodynamic principles that underpin phase equilibrium, transformation and state. This fully revised and updated edition covers the fundamentals of thermodynamics, with a view to modern computer applications. The theoretical basis of chemical equilibria and chemical changes is covered with an emphasis on the properties of phase diagrams. Starting with the basic principles, discussion moves to systems involving multiple phases. New chapters cover irreversible thermodynamics, extremum principles, and the thermodynamics of surfaces and interfaces. Theoretical descriptions of equilibrium conditions, the state of systems at equilibrium and the changes as equilibrium is reached, are all demonstrated graphically. With illustrative examples - many computer calculated - and worked examples, this textbook is an valuable resource for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in materials science and engineering.

This monograph focuses on the science of combustion, exploring its technological, social, and philosophical aspects. Presented here is a systematic overview of the field, with up-to-date treatments of topics of central importance: diffusion flames, deflagrations, detonations, flammability, and explosions. Special emphasis is given to turbulent combustion so that the many different approaches to this multifaceted subject can be exposed and categorized in a systematic manner. The author offers his projections for future developments, including identification of outstanding research areas. This book is a concise and penetrating overview of the field of combustion history and research, and will be of interest to motivated non-specialists interested in more than a facile exploration of the subject.

Phase diagrams are used in materials research and engineering to understand the interrelationship between composition, microstructure and process conditions. In complex systems, computational methods such as CALPHAD are employed to model thermodynamic properties for each phase and simulate multicomponent phase behavior. Written by recognized experts in the field, this is the first introductory guide to the CALPHAD method, providing a theoretical and practical approach. Building on core thermodynamic principles, this book applies crystallography, first principles methods and experimental data to computational phase behavior modeling using the CALPHAD method. With a chapter dedicated to creating thermodynamic databases, the reader will be confident in assessing, optimizing and validating complex thermodynamic systems alongside database construction and manipulation. Several case studies put the methods into a practical context, making this suitable for use on advanced materials design and engineering courses and an invaluable reference to those using thermodynamic data in their research or simulations.

This book describes various forms of solar energy conversion techniques in a unified way. The physical framework used to describe the various conversions is endoreversible thermodynamics, a recently developed subset of irreversible thermodynamics . It thus studies situations which are not in equilibrium and in which therefore entropy is continuously created. Nevertheless the mathematics is simple, because the authors consider only stationary situations. Most undergraduate textbooks on thermodynamics emphasize equilibrium thermodynamics and reversible processes. No entropy is created and conversion efficiencies are maximal, equal to the Carnot efficiency. For irreversible conversion processes, the reader learns only that entropy production is positive and that conversion efficiency is lower than the Carnot efficiency. But how great the entropy creation is, and how low the efficiency, is usually not expressed. Endoreversible thermodynamics gives the opportunity to calculate explicit values for a broad class of these processes, including solar energy conversion, which is particularly suited to being described in this way. The book is intended for physicists and engineers interested in renewable energy and irreversible thermodynamics.

The tubular thermosyphon is a very simple idea for transferring heat. Fluid inside a tube is circulated by buoyancy forces and thus carries thermal energy from the hot end to the cold end with great efficiency. The device has many uses, from cooling equipment and machinery to recovering waste heat recovery and conserving energy. However the actual operating details of the thermosyphon are more complex and change dramatically with the circumstances. The length and diameter of the tube, the nature and state of the fluid, the strength and variation of the body force field all influence the internal circulation pattern and thus create different operating characteristics. This book deals with each of these variations thoroughly and systematically. Emphasis is placed on the physical principles underlying thermal behavior under single-phase or evaporative conditions, whether the tube is stationary or rotating and whether it is straight or bent. Consideration is also given to other devices having a similar purpose. This study will be of special interest to mechanical, chemical, electrical and geotechnical engineers, and graduate students concerned with thermosyphon technology.

This book is a translation from a Russian book. In 2007, the authors created a new generation of layered composite-based sensors, whose advantages are high technology and thermal stability. The use of gradient heat flux sensors in laboratory and industrial conditions confirmed their reliability, showed high information, and allowed a number of priority results to be obtained. All of this is summarized in this book.

Sebastian Hann describes the development of a quasi-dimensional burn rate model that enables the prediction of a fuel variation, without the need for a recalibration of the model. The model is valid for spark-ignition combustion engines powered by conventional and carbon-neutral fuels. Its high predictive ability was achieved by modeling the fuel-dependent laminar flame speed based on reaction kinetics calculations. In addition, the author discards a fuel influence on flame wrinkling by performing an engine measurement data analysis. He investigates the fuel influence on engine knock and models it via ignition delay times obtained from reaction kinetics calculations.

This book is intended to serve as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as professionals engaged in application of thermo-fluid science to the study of combustion. The relevant thermo-chemistry and thermo-physical data required for this study are provided in the 6 appendices along with appropriate curve-fit coefficients. To facilitate gradual learning, two chapters are devoted to thermodynamics of pure and gaseous mixture substances, followed by one chapter each on chemical equilibrium and chemical kinetics. This material when coupled with a dedicated chapter on understanding of equations governing transport of momentum, heat and mass in the presence of chemical reactions provides adequate grounding to undertake analysis of practical combustion equipment, of premixed and diffusion flames as well as of solid particle and liquid droplet combustion. The learnings from the aforementioned chapters are taken to a uniquely strong chapter on application case studies, some of which have special relevance for developing countries.

This 2006 textbook discusses the fundamentals and applications of statistical thermodynamics for beginning graduate students in the physical and engineering sciences. Building on the prototypical Maxwell-Boltzmann method and maintaining a step-by-step development of the subject, this book assumes the reader has no previous exposure to statistics, quantum mechanics or spectroscopy. The book begins with the essentials of statistical thermodynamics, pauses to recover needed knowledge from quantum mechanics and spectroscopy, and then moves on to applications involving ideal gases, the solid state and radiation. A full introduction to kinetic theory is provided, including its applications to transport phenomena and chemical kinetics. A highlight of the textbook is its discussion of modern applications, such as laser-based diagnostics. The book concludes with a thorough presentation of the ensemble method, featuring its use for real gases. Numerous examples and prompted homework problems enrich the text.

Thermodynamics: Fundamentals and Applications is a 2005 text for a first graduate course in Chemical Engineering. The focus is on macroscopic thermodynamics; discussions of modeling and molecular situations are integrated throughout. Underpinning this text is the knowledge that while thermodynamics describes natural phenomena, those descriptions are the products of creative, systematic minds. Nature unfolds without reference to human concepts of energy, entropy, or fugacity. Natural complexity can be organized and studied by thermodynamics methodology. The power of thermodynamics can be used to advantage if the fundamentals are understood. This text's emphasis is on fundamentals rather than modeling. Knowledge of the basics will enhance the ability to combine them with models when applying thermodynamics to practical situations. While the goal of an engineering education is to teach effective problem solving, this text never forgets the delight of discovery, the satisfaction of grasping intricate concepts, and the stimulation of the scholarly atmosphere.

This book is about the optimization of the characterization of the thermal properties of building envelopes, through experimental tests and the use of artificial intelligence. It analyses periodic and stationary thermal properties using measurement approaches based on the heat flow meter method and the thermometric method. These measurements are then analysed using advanced artificial intelligence algorithms. The book is structured in four parts, beginning with a discussion of the importance of thermal properties in the energy performance of buildings. Secondly, theoretical and experimental methods for characterizing thermal properties are analysed. Then, the methodology is developed, and the characteristics and properties of the algorithms used are explored. Finally, the results obtained with the algorithms are analysed and the most appropriate approaches are determined. This book is of interest to researchers, civil and industrial engineers, energy auditors and architects, by providing a resource which improves energy audit tasks in existing buildings.

This book focuses on theoretical thermotics, the theory of transformation thermotics and its extended theories for the active control of macroscopic thermal phenomena of artificial systems, which is in sharp contrast to classical thermodynamics comprising the four thermodynamic laws for the passive description of macroscopic thermal phenomena of natural systems. The book covers the basic concepts and mathematical methods, which are necessary to understand thermal problems extensively investigated in physics, but also in other disciplines of engineering and materials. The analyses rely on models solved by analytical techniques accompanied with computer simulations and laboratory experiments. This book serves both as a reference work for senior researchers and a study text for zero beginners.

In this concise yet comprehensive book, the author discusses the principles of mass, momentum, and energy transport, and derives balance equations for single-component fluids and multicomponent mixtures based on the direct application of natural laws and principles of thermodynamics. Transport equations over control volumes are formulated with reference to the Reynolds transport equation, thereby circumventing the need for ad-hoc balances for open systems that are best justified in hindsight. Notable features with regard to mass transport include the interpretation of diffusion in mixtures in terms of species parcel motion and separation, the introduction of Fick's and fractional diffusion laws with reference to random molecular excursions, a detailed account of species and mixture kinematics and dynamics, and the discussion of partial stresses, energies, and entropies of individual mixture components. Key features of this book include: * The governing equations are derived from first principles based on the application of natural laws and principles of thermodynamics * Balances over control volumes are derived from rigorous equations governing material parcel property evolution * Fick's law, a fractional diffusion law, and other diffusion laws are discussed with reference to random walks * A detailed account of species and mixture kinematics and dynamics is presented for binary and multicomponent solutions * A tabulated summary of transport equations is presented in differential and integral forms, and an overview of classical thermodynamics is given in an appendix for a self-contained discourse C. Pozrikidis has taught at the University of California and the University of Massachusetts. He is the author of several books on theoretical and computational topics in science and engineering, applied mathematics, scientific computing, and computer science.

This book provides general guidelines for solving thermal problems in the fields of engineering and natural sciences. Written for a wide audience, from beginner to senior engineers and physicists, it provides a comprehensive framework covering theory and practice and including numerous fundamental and real-world examples. Based on the thermodynamics of various material laws, it focuses on the mathematical structure of the continuum models and their experimental validation. In addition to several examples in renewable energy, it also presents thermal processes in space, and summarizes size-dependent, non-Fourier, and non-Fickian problems, which have increasing practical relevance in, e.g., the semiconductor industry. Lastly, the book discusses the key aspects of numerical methods, particularly highlighting the role of boundary conditions in the modeling process. The book provides readers with a comprehensive toolbox, addressing a wide variety of topics in thermal modeling, from constructing material laws to designing advanced power plants and engineering systems.

This book is in the field of Engineering Thermophysics. It first introduces the authors’ academic thoughts of photo-thermal energy cascade conversion in the fuel combustion. Afterward, a series of thermal radiation theories and models have been developed based on the aim of radiative energy utilization, including spectral radiation available energy theory, gas radiation model under complex combustion conditions, and calculation model of radiation available energy transfer in combustion medium. Based on simulation and experimental results, the radiative energy characteristics of different fuel combustion are introduced. This book develops the radiation theory of the combustion process from a new perspective, integrating theories, models, and experimental results. This book can be used as a reference for scientists, engineers, and graduate students engaged in energy environment, combustion, and thermal radiation.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of thermodynamics. It is divided into four parts, the first of which equips readers with a deeper understanding of the fundamental principles of thermodynamics of equilibrium states and of their evolution. The second part applies these principles to a series of generalized situations, presenting applications that are of interest both in their own right and in terms of demonstrating how thermodynamics, as a theory of principle, relates to different fields. In turn, the third part focuses on non-equilibrium configurations and the dynamics of natural processes. It discusses both discontinuous and continuous systems, highlighting the interference among non-equilibrium processes, and the nature of stationary states and of fluctuations in isolated systems. Lastly, part four introduces the relation between physics and information theory, which constitutes a new frontier in fundamental research. The book includes step-by-step exercises, with solutions, to help readers to gain a fuller understanding of the subjects, and also features a series of appendices providing useful mathematical formulae. Reflecting the content of modern university courses on thermodynamics, it is a valuable resource for students and young scientists in the fields of physics, chemistry, and engineering.

This book introduces state-of-the-art experimental and numerical methods and examples for evaluating the drilling performance of engineering and biological materials, particularly in thermal aspects. The authors use a common pathway to present the technological and analytical methods for both industry (metal) drilling and orthopaedic surgery (bone) drilling research, making this book a resource for both industrial and clinical readers who wish to understand the evolution of technologies, techniques and challenges in drilling. The authors also focus on advanced engineering materials, such as titanium alloys and high-strength cast irons, which have broad applications in the automotive, aerospace, medical device and sports industries. This book is a must-read for a broad audience, including engineering students in upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses that involve machining processes; for surgery residents, fellows, and practicing surgeons; and for engineers in the medical device industry who develop new bone cutting tools. Bridges the knowledge on drilling from the manufacturing industry to healthcare; Covers the experimental and modeling aspects of drilling thermal analysis; Includes experimental studies that contain parameters and data that emulate practical production and clinical drilling.

This book introduces readers to the fundamentals of simulating and analyzing built and natural environments using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. CFD offers a powerful tool for dealing with various scientific and engineering problems and is widely used in diverse industries. This book focuses on the most important aspects of applying CFD to the study of urban, buildings, and indoor and outdoor environments. Following the logical procedure used to prepare a CFD simulation, the book covers e.g. the governing equations, boundary conditions, numerical methods, modeling of different fluid flows, and various turbulence models. Furthermore, it demonstrates how CFD can be applied to solve a range of engineering problems, providing detailed hands-on exercises on air and water flow, heat transfer, and pollution dispersion problems that typically arise in the study of buildings and environments. The book also includes practical guidance on analyzing and reporting CFD results, as well as writing CFD reports/papers.

This book draws on the latest research to discuss the history and development of high-entropy alloys and ceramics in bulk, film, and fiber form. High-entropy materials have recently been developed using the entropy of mixing and entropy of configuration of materials, and have proven to exhibit unique properties superior to those of conventional materials. The field of high-entropy alloys was born in 2004, and has since been developed for both scientific and engineering applications. Although there is extensive literature, this field is rapidly transforming. This book highlights the cutting edge of high-entropy materials, including their fundamentals and applications. Above all, it reflects two major milestones in their development: the equi-atomic ratio single-phase high-entropy alloys; and the non-equi-atomic ratio dual-phase high-entropy alloys.

Thermodynamics is a subject that all engineering students have to face and that most of them treat with great respect. This makes it all the more important to offer a good and easy-to-understand approach to the laws of energy conversion. This is what this textbook is intended to do: It covers the basics of classical technical thermodynamics as they are typically taught at universities: The first and second law of thermodynamics as well as equations of state are explained for idealized and real fluids which are subject to a phase change. Thermodynamic mixtures, e.g. humid air, are treated as well as chemical reactions. Components and thermodynamic cycle that convert energy are presented. The book attaches great importance to drawings and illustrations, which should make it easier to comprehend complex matter. Technical applications and apparatus are presented and explained. Numerous exercises and examples conclude the book and contribute to a better understanding of the theory.