Environmental conflict resolution (ECR) is a process of negotiation that allows stakeholders in a dispute to reach a mutually satisfactory agreement on their own terms. The tools of ECR, such as facilitation, mediation, and conflict assessment, suggest that it fits well with other ideas for reforming environmental policy. First used in 1974, ECR has been an official part of policymaking since the mid 1990s. The Promise and Performance of Environmental Conflict Resolution is the first book to systematically evaluate the results of these efforts.

The Promise and Performance of Environmental Conflict Resolution presents empirical research along with insights from some of ECR's most experienced practitioners. Beginning with a primer about concepts and methods, the book describes the kinds of disputes where ECR has been applied, making it clear that "despite the faith of proponents in the power and usefulness of ECR, it is not applicable to all environmental conflicts."The contributions that follow critically investigate the record and potential of ECR, drawing on perspectives from political science, public administration, regional planning, philosophy, psychology, anthropology, and law.

ECR is being extended to almost every area of environmental policy. Rosemary O'Leary and Lisa Bingham argue that truly effective use of ECR requires something more than advocacy. The Promise and Performance of Environmental Conflict Resolution provides scholars, policymakers, students, and practitioners with critical assessments, so that ECR can be used to its best advantage.

Environmental conflict resolution (ECR) is a process of negotiation that allows stakeholders in a dispute to reach a mutually satisfactory agreement on their own terms. The tools of ECR, such as facilitation, mediation, and conflict assessment, suggest that it fits well with other ideas for reforming environmental policy. First used in 1974, ECR has been an official part of policymaking since the mid 1990s. The Promise and Performance of Environmental Conflict Resolution is the first book to systematically evaluate the results of these efforts. The Promise and Performance of Environmental Conflict Resolution presents empirical research along with insights from some of ECR's most experienced practitioners. Beginning with a primer about concepts and methods, the book describes the kinds of disputes where ECR has been applied, making it clear that 'despite the faith of proponents in the power and usefulness of ECR, it is not applicable to all environmental conflicts.' The contributions that follow critically investigate the record and potential of ECR, drawing on perspectives from political science, public administration, regional planning, philosophy, psychology, anthropology, and law. ECR is being extended to almost every area of environmental policy. Rosemary O'Leary and Lisa Bingham argue that truly effective use of ECR requires something more than advocacy. The Promise and Performance of Environmental Conflict Resolution provides scholars, policymakers, students, and practitioners with critical assessments, so that ECR can be used to its best advantage.

Environmental Justice in South Africa provides a systematic overview of the first ten years of postapartheid environmental politics. Written by leading activists and academics in the field, this edited collection offers the first critical perspective of environmental justice theory and practice in South Africa. Accessible and wide-ranging in its coverage, the book offers a benchmark analysis of the environmental justice movement today as well as an assessment of where it may be headed in the future. Beginning with a history of the environmental justice movement in the country, the book explores a range of conceptual and practical questions: How does environmental justice relate to issues of marginalization and poverty in South Africa? What are the links between environmental justice and other schools of environmental thought? Is the legal system an appropriate tool for addressing environmental equity? How do race, class, and gender intersect in the South African environmental context? The second half of the book is a more concrete exploration of environmental (in)justice in the country. These chapters are interspersed with real-life stories of struggles by workers and communities for environmental change. The book is an invaluable resource for South African and international audiences interested in the growing, and increasingly global, environmental justice movement.

Contemporary democracies are frequently criticized for failing to respond adequately to environmental problems and our political institutions are often charged with misrepresenting environmental values in decision-making processes. In this innovative volume, Graham Smith argues that the enhancement and institutionalisation of democratic deliberation will improve reflection on the wide range of environmental values that citizens hold.
Drawing on theories of deliberative democracy, Smith argues that institutions need to be restructured in order to promote democratic dialogue and reflection on the plurality of environmental values.
Deliberative Democracy and the Environment makes an important contribution to our understanding of the relationship between democratic and green political theory. Drawing on evidence from Europe and the United States, it systematically engages with questions of institutional design.

Environmental policy agendas, activism and academic research into ecological questions are all predominantly derived from the philosophical perspectives of the West. At national and global levels, environmental policy-makers tend to work according to Western-based methodologies. At the same time, emergent or developing economies are profoundly affected by the issues they address, including air pollution, rapid urban expansion, habitat loss and climate change. If environmental awareness, and the policies that stem from it, are to have a lasting global impact, it is important that non-Western voices are heard in their own right, and not merely as adjuncts of Western-led agendas. Jain thought is a useful case study of a system of values in which environmental protection and the idea of a 'web of life' are central, but which has evolved in India independently of Western environmentalism. This book describes and explains Jain environmental philosophy, placing it in its cultural and historical context while comparing and contrasting with more familiar or 'mainstream' forms of ecological thought. It will also show how this thought translates into practice, with an emphasis on the role of environmental concerns within the business and commercial practices of Jain communities. Finally, the book examines the extent to which Jain ideas about environmental protection and interconnectedness have universal relevance. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of environmental ethics, sustainable business and economics, environmental policy, and Jainism.

Contents:
1. A Cognitive Study into Environmentally-Orientated Consumption 1.1 The green consumer 1.2 A research program for consumer behaviour 1.3 Researching green consumer behaviour 2. Cognitive Consumer Research 2.1 Understanding understanding 2.2 Knowledge structures 2.3 Experience, knowledge structure development and intelligence 2.4 Research questions on green consumer cognition 2.5 Conclusions 3. Empirical Research into Green Consumer Behaviour 3.1 Qualitative versus quantitative cognitive research 3.2 Data collection 3.3 Data analysis 3.4 Conclusions 4. Classification of Consumers 4.1 Classification and cluster analysis 4.2 Analyses of scattergrams and correlation matrices 4.3 Hierarchical cluster analyses 4.4 Sensitivity analyses 4.5 Paradigmatic subjects and cognitive categories 4.6 Conclusions 5. Interpretation of Knowledge Structures 5.1 Knowledge content 5.2 Cognitive operations 5.3 Schematic nature of knowledge 6. Experience and Learning: Problem-Solving Behaviour of the Green Consumer 6.1 Familiarity and learning 6.2 Ability and successful green consumer behaviour 6.3 Conclusions 7. The Beginning of Knowledge 7.1 A new approach to cognition 7.2 Conceptual fruitfulness of contextual research 7.3 Practical relevance of contextual research 7.4 Issues for future research

A critical analysis of the "post-Rio consensus" on environment and development which questions the role of particular forms of internationalized elite scientific expertise. It asks why certain understandings of enviromental change "stick" with such tenacity. In exploring this, the authors unravel the politics of knowledge surrounding policymaking, looking particularly at Ethiopia, Mali and Zimbabwe and their land and soils management. The book also looks at prospects for more inclusive, participatory forms of policymaking.

Since the Stockholm Environment Conference in 1972 and the Rio Summit in 1992, there has been unprecedented public concern for the future of the planet and a growing awareness that development needs to be sustainable. This text charts the growth of these ideas by beginning with a visionary piece written by Barbara Ward in the 1970s, and ends with a chapter looking ahead another 30 years into the future. Two generations of thinkers and activists have helped to shape environment and development policy and increase local level power in environmental management. In celebration of their 30th anniversary, the IIED's most influential writers provide in this volume a perspective on three decades of development and green debates.

A second edition of a fresh and original case-study textbook on environmental ethics. The authors begin with an lucid overview of the field, highlighting key developments and theories in the environmental movement: utilitarianism, deontology, ecocentrism, deep ecology, pragmatism, and religion and ecology. They then present a series of fourteen narratives or cases in three sections: maintaining and managing the ecosystem; restoring and recreating the ecosystem, and ecosystem interventions aimed at innovation. Specific cases deal with such issues as using pesticides in developing countries; preserving ecosystems in Madagascar; the battle of deforestation in Java; disposing of nuclear waste in Nevada; the human cost of restoring coral reefs in Indonesia; the impact of hydropower via U.S. rivers; desertification in China; restoring degraded ecosystems in Nebraska; the legitimacy of genetically modified foods; hunting and the human presence in nature; and xenotransplantation (the transplantation of an organ, tissue or cells between different species). Each narrative is followed by a commentary section, in which the authors help students make connections between ethical theory and the circumstances of the case. This second edition features updates and revisions throughout, along with four new cases: one on water privatization, one on governmental efforts to mitigate global climate change, and two on obstacles that teachers of environmental ethics encounter in the classroom ("Why should I care?"). Also includes an appendix for teachers on using cases effectively in the classroom.

Miami, Florida, is likely to be entirely underwater by the end of this century. Residents are already starting to see the effects of sea level rise today. From sunny day flooding caused by higher tides to a sewer system on the brink of total collapse, the city undeniably lives in a climate changed world. In Disposable City, Miami resident Mario Alejandro Ariza shows us not only what climate change looks like on the ground today, but also what Miami will look like 100 years from now, and how that future has been shaped by the city's racist past and present. As politicians continue to kick the can down the road and Miami becomes increasingly unlivable, real estate vultures and wealthy residents will be able to get out or move to higher ground, but the most vulnerable communities, disproportionately composed of people of color, will face flood damage, rising housing costs, dangerously higher temperatures, and stronger hurricanes that they can't afford to escape. Miami may be on the front lines of climate change, but the battle it's fighting today is coming for the rest of the U.S.--and the rest of the world--far sooner than we could have imagined even a decade ago. Disposable City is a thoughtful portrait of both a vibrant city with a unique culture and the social, economic, and psychic costs of climate change that call us to act before it's too late.

Arguing for a renewed view of objects and nature, Ethical Responses to Nature's Call considers how it is possible to understand our ethical duties - in the form of ethical intuitionalism - to nature and the planet by listening to and releasing ourselves over to the call or address of nature. Blending several strands of philosophical thought, such as Graham Harman's Object-Oriented Ontology, W. D. Ross's prima fathics, Alphonso Lingis's phenomenological ethics traceable to The Imperative, and Michael Bonnett's ecophilosophy, this book offers a unique rejoinder to the problems and issues that continue to haunt humans' relationship to nature. The origins of such problems and issues largely remain obscured from view due to the oppressive influence of the "Cultural Framework" which gives form and structure to the ways we understand, discourse on, and comport ourselves in relation to the natural world. Through understanding this "Cultural Framework" we also come to know the responses we continue to offer in answer to nature's call and address, and are then in a position to analyze and assess those responses in terms of their potential ethical weight. Such a phenomenon is made possible through the descriptive-and-interpretive method of eco-phenomenology. This renewed vision of the human-and-nature provides direction for our interaction with and behavior toward nature in such a way that the ethical insight offers a diagnosis and provides a potentially compelling prescriptive for environmental ills.

This book stimulates thinking on the topic of detrimental environmental change and how research psychologists can help to address the problem. In addition to reporting environmentally relevant psychological research, the author identifies the most pressing questions from an environmental point of view. "Psychology and Environmental Change: "
*focuses on ways in which human behavior contributes to the problem;
*deals with the assessment and change of attitudes and with studies of change of behavior;
*proposes ways in which psychological research can contribute to making technology and its products more environmentally benign; and
*introduces topics such as consumption, risk assessment, cost-benefit and tradeoff analyses, competition, negotiation, and policymaking, and how they relate to the objective of protecting the environment.

This book stimulates thinking on the topic of detrimental environmental change and how research psychologists can help to address the problem. In addition to reporting environmentally relevant psychological research, the author identifies the most pressing questions from an environmental point of view. "Psychology and Environmental Change: "
*focuses on ways in which human behavior contributes to the problem;
*deals with the assessment and change of attitudes and with studies of change of behavior;
*proposes ways in which psychological research can contribute to making technology and its products more environmentally benign; and
*introduces topics such as consumption, risk assessment, cost-benefit and tradeoff analyses, competition, negotiation, and policymaking, and how they relate to the objective of protecting the environment.

'Makes a substantial contribution to the practical, effective analysis of climate change mitigation options in developing countries.' Development And Cooperation 'The book is an excellent exercise and a good source of detailed information, and a basis for further discussions. Any person interested in this major environmental problem should read it.' International Journal of Environment and Pollution 'Markandya and Halsnaes' collection is thoughtfully put together and can be recommended to all the practitioners in the fields of climate change and sustainable development.' The Journal of Energy Literature This text argues that the policies pursued by developing countries will be crucial in determining the progress of climate change. Many are industrializing rapidly and the largest, particularly China and India, could have an impact at least as significant as that of the already industrialized economies - the reason given by President Bush for taking the US out of the Kyoto Protocol. The future of sustainable development in large measure depends on developing countries. This book develops a pragmatic framework for evaluating the climate change options faced by each developing country, depending on their individual circumstances. It assesses present methods, suggests how these might be improved, and proposes ways in which social and developmental aspects can be taken into account. Its discussion of the issues and the methods presented contribute to the practical analysis of climate change mitigation options in developing countries. The book should be useful to professionals, governments, international organizations and environmental groups working on climate change issues; as well as researchers, academics and students in economics, environmental and development studies and international affairs.

'Makes a substantial contribution to the practical, effective analysis of climate change mitigation options in developing countries.' Development And Cooperation 'The book is an excellent exercise and a good source of detailed information, and a basis for further discussions. Any person interested in this major environmental problem should read it.' International Journal of Environment and Pollution 'Markandya and Halsnaes' collection is thoughtfully put together and can be recommended to all the practitioners in the fields of climate change and sustainable development.' The Journal of Energy Literature This text argues that the policies pursued by developing countries will be crucial in determining the progress of climate change. Many are industrializing rapidly and the largest, particularly China and India, could have an impact at least as significant as that of the already industrialized economies - the reason given by President Bush for taking the US out of the Kyoto Protocol. The future of sustainable development in large measure depends on developing countries. This book develops a pragmatic framework for evaluating the climate change options faced by each developing country, depending on their individual circumstances. It assesses present methods, suggests how these might be improved, and proposes ways in which social and developmental aspects can be taken into account. Its discussion of the issues and the methods presented contribute to the practical analysis of climate change mitigation options in developing countries. The book should be useful to professionals, governments, international organizations and environmental groups working on climate change issues; as well as researchers, academics and students in economics, environmental and development studies and international affairs.

How do some people come to care about nature and others don't? In Loving Nature, Kay Milton explores the idea of environmentalism as a distinct perspective on the world and tests the limits of anthropology against other disciplines, particularly psychology. Milton proposes a model of how we relate to the world in general and to nature in particular. Focusing on the role of emotion in shaping our experience and motivation, she develops a concept of sacredness in describing what we come to value. For environmentalists, anthropologists and those fascinated by psychology, this will make a thought-provoking read.

As the full effects of human activity on Earth's life-support systems are revealed by science, the question of whether we can change, fundamentally, our relationship with nature becomes increasingly urgent. Just as important as an understanding of our environment, is an understanding of ourselves, of the kinds of beings we are and why we act as we do. In Loving Nature Kay Milton considers why some people in western societies grow up to be nature lovers, actively concerned about the welfare and future of plants, animals, ecosystems and nature in general, while others seem indifferent or intent on destroying these things.
Drawing on findings and ideas from anthropology, psychology, cognitive science and philosophy, the author discusses how we come to understand nature as we do, and above all, how we develop emotional commitments to it. Anthropologists, in recent years, have tended to suggest that our understanding of the world is shaped solely by the culture in which we live. Controversially Kay Milton argues that it is shaped by direct experience in which emotion plays an essential role.
The author argues that the conventional opposition between emotion and rationality in western culture is a myth. The effect of this myth has been to support a market economy which systematically destroys nature, and to exclude from public decision making the kinds of emotional attachments that support more environmentally sensative ways of living. A better understanding of ourselves, as fundamentally emotional beings, could give such ways of living the respect they need.

The impact of environmental damage on human rights - civil, political or welfare and labour rights - is becoming ever-more widely appreciated and has direct bearing on the behaviour of companies and their norms of conduct. In this volume, contributors draw on the tools and insights of a range of disciplines, including law, anthropology, economics, geography and social science, to analyze the issues and show how new standards that protect rights and liberties can be established.

This introduction to the philosophy of the environment examines current debates on how we should think about the natural world and our place within it. The subject is examined from a determinedly analytic philosophical perspective, focusing on questions of value, but taking in attendant issues in epistemology and metaphysics as well. The book begins by considering the nature, extent and origin of the environmental problems with which we need to be concerned. Chapters go on to consider familiar strategies for dealing with environmental problems, and then consider what sort of things are of direct moral concern, examining in turn at animals, non-sentient life-forms, natural but non-living things and deep ecology. The final part of the book investigates notions of value, natural beauty and the place of human beings in the scheme of things.

The beginning of the new century is a crucial time for environmental political theory. Since the first wave of environmental texts appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, environmentalism has come under a series of challenges, and has begun a process of redeveloping itself in order to meet these challenges. Environmental writers have shown that they can take on questions of distributive justice, democracy, economic efficiency, and other concerns of conventional political theory from an environmentalist perspective. This book offers a set of important contributions to the property theory, utopianism, justice, the third world, and direct action. perspective.

This book focuses on the psychology, sociology, and public policy of global environmental issues. The goals of the book are
* to describe the current state of the environment and environmentalism
* to present new theories and research on environmental attitudes and behaviors
* to explore obstacles and ethical considerations in promoting pro-environmental action

Fifty Key Thinkers on the Environment is a unique guide to environmental thinking through the ages. Joy A. Palmer, herself an important and prolific author on environmental matters, has assembled a team of thirty-five expert contributors to summarize and analyse the thinking of fifty diverse and stimulating figures - from all over the world and from ancient times to the present day. Among those included are:
* philosophers such as Rousseau, Spinoza and Heidegger
* activists such as Chico Mendes
* literary giants such as Virgil, Goethe and Wordsworth
* major religious and spiritual figures such as Gotama (the Buddha) and St Francis of Assissi.
Lucid, scholarly and informative, these fifty essays offer a fascinating overview of mankind's view and understanding of the physical world.

Is 'sustainable development' a charade sold to an increasingly misled public? This book presents a wide-ranging, penetrating critique of sustainability and what it actually means. The author argues that despite the rhetoric of socially and environmentally sustainable development and the ever-increasing number of legislative environmental policies, the real issues such as consumption, population growth and equity are either sidestepped or manipulated in international policy and law. Analyzing the main areas of concern - economic growth, market structure, trade, aid, debt, security and sovereignty - he shows that the entire development structure and the underpinnings of the debate are leading down quite a different path to that intended by sustainability.

Contents:
Introduction
1. The English, the trees, the wild and the green Paul Thompson
2. Animals, children and peasants in Tuscany Giovanni Contini
3. Narrating Nature: perceptions of the environment and attitudes towards it in life stories Daniela Koleva
4. When the water comes: memories of survival after the 1953 flood Selma Leydesdorff
5. Our land is our only wealth Olivia Bennett
6. Using community memory against the onslaught of development: resettlement in Zapata, Texas Jaclyn Jeffrey
7. Signs of things to come: metaphor and environmental consciousness in a Yuctecan community David Forrest
8. The environmental movement in Kasakstan Timothy Edmunds
9. Paths to ecofeminist activism: life stories from the north-east of England Niamh Moore
10. Pathways to the Amazon: British campaigners in the Brazilian rainforest Andreaa Zhouri

In this book, Janet McIntyre addresses the need for transcultural thinking tools, to not only mend problems in the global environment but also to understand the essential nature of the problems. Thinking tools comprise the analytical concepts which organise, disorganise, pattern and question thoughts about the social and natural world. Specifically, the concepts introduced in this book are 'global citizenship', 'human rights', 'responsibility', 'social movements' and 'transcultural webs of meaning'.