Whether the concept being studied is job satisfaction, self-efficacy, or student motivation, values and attitudes--affective characteristics--provide crucial keys to how individuals think, learn, and behave. And not surprisingly, as measurement of these traits gains importance in the academic and corporate worlds, there is an ongoing need for valid, scientifically sound instruments. For those involved in creating self-report measures, the completely updated Third Edition of Instrument Development in the Affective Domain balances the art and science of instrument development and evaluation, covering both its conceptual and technical aspects. The book is written to be accessible with the minimum of statistical background, and reviews affective constructs from a measurement standpoint. Examples are drawn from academic and business settings for insights into design as well as the relevance of affective measures to educational and corporate testing. This systematic analysis of all phases of the design process includes: Measurement, scaling, and item-writing techniques. Validity issues: collecting evidence based on instrument content. Testing the internal structure of an instrument: exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Measurement invariance and other advanced methods for examining internal structure. Strengthening the validity argument: relationships to external variables. Addressing reliability issues. As a graduate course between covers and an invaluable professional tool, the Third Edition of Instrument Design in the Affective Domain will be hailed as a bedrock resource by researchers and students in psychology, education, and the social sciences, as well as human resource professionals in the corporate world.

1 Introduction.- 2 School Achievement Trends for Black Students.- 3 The Status of Research on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and Hispanic Students in Postsecondary Education.- 4 Psychometric G and Achievement.- 5 Eeny, Meeny, Miny, Moe: Testing Policy and Practice in Early Childhood.- 6 Changing Statewide Reading Assessment: A Case Study of Michigan and Illinois.

The 'Digital Divide' is now a part of the American lexicon. Legislators and public policy makers argue that computer access makes a significant difference in learning outcomes and test scores. But is this truly the case? This is the key question addressed in this meticulous investigation. This book determines whether students with Internet access at have higher standardized test scores than those without Internet access. It also measures a variety of other variables - including household income levels and parents' educational levels - as other predictors of performance on standardized tests. The objective and rigorous method reveals the truth of how Internet access impacts test score performance. The results are of obvious importance to legislators, policy makers, and parents concerned with enhancing student performance. The Impact of Home Internet Access on Test Scores should be part of any collection in education, public policy, and sociology.

Bernard R. Gifford As we edge toward the year 2000, the information age is a reality; the global marketplace is increasingly competitive; and the U.S. labor force is shrinking. Today more than ever, our nation's economic and social well-being hinges on our ability to tap our human resources-to identify talent, to nurture it, and to assess abilities and disabilities in ways that help every individual reach his or her full potential. In pursuing that goal, decision-makers in education, industry, and government are relying increasingly on standardized tests: sets of question- with identical directions, time limits and tasks for all test-takers-designed to permit an inference about what someone knows or can do in a particular area. CALIBRATING DIFFERENCE Our emphasis on standardized testing rests on a premise that is so basic it often escapes notice: that we humans are different from each other in ways that are both meaningful and measurable. We differ in terms of cognitive ability; aptitude for performing different kinds of mental and physical tasks; temperament; and interests. But somehow, without sufficient examination, we have taken a great collective leap from that commonplace to the notion that there are precise, measurable gradations of innate ability that can be used to direct children to the right classrooms, and adults to the right job slots.

Bernard R. Gifford and Linda C. Wing Standardized testing has become a ubiquitous feature of American life. As a major source of information for reducing uncertainty in the alJocation of merit based educational, training, and employment opportunities, testing affects the life chances of individuals. Moreover, testing inOuences the way in which our societyjudgesitselfandprovides for ourcollective future. Test scores may determine a child's admission to lcindergarten and promotion to the fIrst grade. Most states award the high school diploma only ifa student has passed a minimum competency test. Major institutions of higher education typically require applicants to supplement their records of academic achievement with scores on college admissions tests. In the labor market, as a condition of employment or assignment to training programs, more and more employers are requiring workers to sit for personnel selection tests. Additionally, it has become commonplace to use test scores to calibrate our national sociopolitical condition and our capacity to compete with other countries in the global economy. In short, with increasing frequency and intensity, scores on examinations that purport to be objective and precise measures of individual knowledge, abilities, and potential are playing a critical role in the opportunity marketplace. Similarly, test scores are exercising growing influence in assessments of our social and economic institutions and in policy decisions about the relative invesunents that should be made in each. In all these instantiations, test scores are at the center of high-stakes decision making about the future of individuals and of the nation itself."

This edited volume provides insight into how digital badges may enhance formal, non-formal and informal education by focusing on technical design issues including organizational requirements, learning and instructional design, as well as deployment. It features current research exploring the theoretical foundation and empirical evidence of the utilization of digital badges as well as case studies that describe current practices and experiences in the use of digital badges for motivation, learning, and instruction in K-12, higher education, workplace learning, and further education settings.

In the wake of recent federal legislation entitled No Child Left Behind, high-stakes standardized testing for accountability purposes is being emphasized in educational systems across the U.S. for all students - including English Language Learners (ELLs). Yet language proficiency mediates test performance, so ELLs typically receive scores far below those of other students. This book explores how tests have become de facto language policy in schools, shaping what is taught in school, how it is taught, and in what language(s) it is taught. In New York City, while most schools responded to testing by increasing the amount of English instruction offered to ELLs, a few schools have preserved native language instruction instead. Moreover, this research documents how tests are a defining force in the daily lives of ELLs and the educators who serve them.

'A must-read for school leaders and teacher trainers ... I wish every school leader would read this book' Dr Min Du, Teacher, researcher and international education consultant The new, fully updated edition of Ross Morrison McGill's bestselling Mark. Plan. Teach., now complete with a visual guide to the key ideas, illustrated by Oliver Caviglioli. Mark. Plan. Teach. 2.0 includes an illustrated visual booklet, a foreword by Professor Andy Hargreaves and exciting new ideas in line with current best practice, recent thinking and developments around marking and feedback. There are three things that every teacher must do: mark work, plan lessons and teach students well. This refreshed guide from Ross, bestselling author of 100 Ideas for Secondary Teachers: Outstanding Lessons, Teacher Toolkit and Just Great Teaching, is packed full of practical ideas that will help teachers refine the key elements of their profession. Mark. Plan. Teach. 2.0 shows how each stage of the teaching process informs the next, building a cyclical framework that underpins everything that teachers do. With teachers' workload still at record levels and teacher recruitment and retention the number one issue in education, ideas that really work and will help teachers not only survive but thrive in the classroom are in demand. Every idea in Mark. Plan. Teach. 2.0 can be implemented by all primary and secondary teachers at any stage of their career and will genuinely improve practice. The ideas have been tried and tested and are supported by evidence that explains why they work, including current educational research and psychological insights from Professor Tim O'Brien, leading psychologist and Honorary Professor at UCL Institute of Education.

Bringing together international authors to examine how diversity and inclusion impact assessment in higher education, this book provides educators with the knowledge and understanding required to transform practices so that they are more equitable and inclusive of diverse learners. Assessment drives learning and determines who succeeds. Assessment for Inclusion in Higher Education is written to ensure that no student is unfairly or unnecessarily disadvantaged by the design or delivery of assessment. The chapters are structured according to three themes: 1) macro contexts of assessment for inclusion: societal and cultural perspectives; 2) meso contexts of assessment for inclusion: institutional and community perspectives; and 3) micro contexts of assessment for inclusion: educators, students and interpersonal perspectives. These three levels are used to identify new ways of mobilising the sector towards assessment for inclusion in a systematic and scholarly way. This book is essential reading for those in higher education who design and deliver assessment, as well as researchers and postgraduate students exploring assessment, equity and inclusive pedagogy. Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license

This book brings together policymaker and practitioner knowledge, experiences, and perspectives on the interaction between the assessment and inclusion agenda to the fore. The book's analysis is built on comparative qualitative data from five different countries on four continents: Argentina, China, Denmark, England, and Israel. These countries have been chosen for their distinctive, and even contrasting, education policies, sociocultural and economic circumstances, and variations in performance across supranational and national standardised student assessments. In addressing these specific contexts, the book provides insights into the pitfalls and synergies which emerge as key stakeholders attempt to mediate these two educational concerns in both policy and practice.

The goal of this book is to emphasize the formal statistical features of the practice of equating, linking, and scaling. The book encourages the view and discusses the quality of the equating results from the statistical perspective (new models, robustness, fit, testing hypotheses, statistical monitoring) as opposed to placing the focus on the policy and the implications, which although very important, represent a different side of the equating practice. The book contributes to establishing "equating" as a theoretical field, a view that has not been offered often before. The tradition in the practice of equating has been to present the knowledge and skills needed as a craft, which implies that only with years of experience under the guidance of a knowledgeable practitioner could one acquire the required skills. This book challenges this view by indicating how a good equating framework, a sound understanding of the assumptions that underlie the psychometric models, and the use of statistical tests and statistical process control tools can help the practitioner navigate the difficult decisions in choosing the final equating function. This book provides a valuable reference for several groups: (a) statisticians and psychometricians interested in the theory behind equating methods, in the use of model-based statistical methods for data smoothing, and in the evaluation of the equating results in applied work; (b) practitioners who need to equate tests, including those with these responsibilities in testing companies, state testing agencies, and school districts; and (c) instructors in psychometric, measurement, and psychology programs.

* Features/Benefits o Provides a hands-on methodological guide and overview for understanding the data/results of longitudinal research in SLA/applied linguistics and for conducting one's own such studies, illustrating these methods with exemplary studies of language learning outcomes over a long term. o Original reportings of unique large-scale research studies offer the best one-stop shop for reading and understanding current quantitative longitudinal studies in language learning. o Appendices with data and pedagogical features make it useful for course use by instructors and students. * Demand/Audience o Meets the need for methodological clarity in collecting, managing/organizing, and analyzing quantitative longitudinal data on language learning by offering students and researchers of applied linguistics, testing, and education a practical guide to conducting this research along with unique exemplar studies. * Competition o The only book to focus on quantitative longitudinal data analysis specifically for an SLA/applied linguistics readership. One older book focuses on qualitative and other methods with a narrower focus, and no other book comes very close to doing what this book does.

This book analyses accountability and quality policies relating to learning standards and examines their implications for assessment in higher education. Whilst primarily focusing on the Australian setting, this analysis is located within a broader frame of reference that includes the United Kingdom (UK), the United States of America (US), and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Across these settings, comparative measures of learning have been seen as a policy 'solution' to the problem of 'proving quality' in a globalised and increasingly competitive higher education market. Comparative measures of learning depend on the specification of learning standards. Learning standards attempt to articulate the capabilities expected of graduates, and students' achievement of these is determined through the practices of assessment carried out within institutions. Quality policy, learning standards and assessment practices all intersect within the broader umbrella of accountability, with relevance to governments, higher education providers, employers, parents, and students. The findings reported in this book highlight a number of policy influences, including the rising demands for national and international comparative data on learning standards to compare quality and inform student choice in a globally competitive market.

Over the last 20 years there have been a large number of technical advances and changes in the field of educational and psychological testing. According to Anne Anastasi, The decade of the 1980's has been a period of unusual advances in, psychological testing. Technological progress, theoretical sophistication, and increasing pro fessional responsibility are all evident in the fast-moving events in this field (A. Anastasi, Psychological Testing, Sixth Edition. New York: Macmillan, 1988). On the psychometric front, advances in topics such as item response theory, criterion-referenced measurement, generalizability theory, . analy sis of covariance structures, and validity generalization are reshaping the ways that ability and achievement tests are constructed and evaluated, and that test scores are interpreted. But \Jsychometric advances, as substantial and important as they have been, are only a fraction of the major changes in the field of testing. Today, for example, the computer is radically chang ing the ways in which tests are constructed, administered, and scored. Computers are being used to administer tests "adaptively." That is, the sequence of questions an examinee is administered depends upon his or her performance on earlier administered items in the test. Tests are "adapted" to the ability levels of the examinees who are being assessed. One result is shorter tests with little or no loss in measurement precision. Computers are also being used to store or bank test items. Later, items of interest can be selected, and the computer is used to print copies of the test."

This collection of essays is a case study of a major educational reform enacted in Texas in 1987: an effort to test all entering college students to gauge their basic skills. The contributors were involved in implementing this reform, which aims to remedy academic deficiencies among college students and to retain students through graduation. The book chronicles how legislators, staff and educators designed the test, program, and necessary policies to support the reform.

The essays in this book chronicle the work of legislators, staff, and educators in implementing House Bill 2182, which requires testing for all entering college students and mandates developmental education for students who fail to meet the established criteria. Among the issues discussed are test development, minority concerns, prevention of bias, handicapped needs, and program evaluation. "From Politics to Policy" presents a model for other states to emulate, and is valuable to students and teachers of education, policy analysis and psychometric testing, as well as to agencies and legislators involved in state-level educational reform.

For sophomore/junior-level courses in Psychological Testing or Measurement. Focuses on the use of psychological tests to make important decisions about individuals in a variety of settings. This text explores the theory, methods, and applications of psychological testing. It gives a full and fair evaluation of the advantages and drawbacks of psychological testing in general, and selected tests in particular.

For Assessment courses in Early Childhood Education. One of the most accessible and practical textbooks available on assessing young children from infancy through age 8. It provides the full range of types of assessment and how, when, and why to use them. An excellent introduction to assessing young children, Assessment in Early Childhood Education continues with the inclusion of all types of assessments that can be used with infants and young children. Key changes and updates to this edition include: updated and streamlined figures, examples, and models of assessment that aid pre-service teachers to learn how to apply the principles of quality assessments; new activities at the end of the chapters provide opportunities for students to apply their own performance activities to demonstrate understanding of chapter contents; the effects of No Child Left Behind have been updated; newly revised information on children from diverse cultures and languages and children with disabilities has been added; and information on new and current trends toward accountability are discussed, as well as the impact of high-stakes testing.

In this classic introduction to educational and psychological measurement, Thorndike and Thorndike-Christ provide all of the pertinent information future professionals need to know in order to develop the skills to use test information wisely. Incorporating standard measurement concepts as they apply to both educational and psychological assessments, the new eighth edition continues to provide a technically rigorous treatment of the core issues in measurement in an easy-to-read, easy-to-understand presentation. In preparing students to become independent users of test information, it describes problems in measurement, explains how these problems are approached and solved, surveys a broad range of sources, and provides guidance in how to find, evaluate, and use information about specific tests. The new eighth edition of Measurement and Evaluation in Psychology and Education includes increased coverage of No Child Left Behind, extended coverage of the role of ethics in tests, and a new chapter on advanced topics in testing. Part Two of the book has been reorganized to clarify concepts and the book as a whole has been streamlined and updated to include the most current research and testing information. Intended for use in undergraduate or graduate level introductory courses in psychological and educational measurement, Measurement and Evaluation in Psychology and Education focuses on basic issues in measurement provides a general overview that is not overly specialized.

For Test and Measurement courses. Also appropriate as a supplement in an Educational Psychology or Teaching Methods course where assessment is given more than cursory treatment. This brief, inexpensive text focuses on how to write, construct, and use assessments in the classroom. It continues to take a balanced approach to assessment, involving both traditional and innovative techniques. It includes the development and use of written tests, informal assessments, portfolios, and performance assessments. This balanced approach to assessment is what prospective teachers need when they get into the classroom.

Were you looking for the book with access to MyEducationLab? This product is the book alone and does NOT come with access to MyEducationLab. Buy the book and access card package to save money on this resource. For students taking assessment courses in educational psychology or tests and measurement departments. Written with energy and wit, this reader-friendly text discusses practical ways in which teachers can develop and use well-written tests to improve their effectiveness in the classroom. With its constant attention to the instructional implications of educational assessment, Classroom Assessment: What Teachers Need to Know, 7/e, helps readers become assessment literate -- to understand the fundamental concepts and processes of educational testing that will influence teachers' hour-to-hour instructional decisions. The text recognizes and highlights the exponential increase in the importance of educational assessment in an era of common core state standards and teacher-evaluations based on students' test scores. From reviews of the book: "I think that [the writing] is a particular strength of this text. The conversational and humorous tone is highly engaging and will help to hook students, especially those that might be a little hesitant about this topic. . . . The coverage and depth of discussion are . . . strengths. This book also tackles some of the ethical dilemmas associated with assessment. [And] it . . . places the topic of assessment within the current political reality of accountability and helps students develop some appropriate responses to these challenges. . . . I am a huge fan of this book!" -Michael Boyle, Loyola University, Chicago "Popham is a highly respected voice in the field of educational assessment. Over the years he has contributed tremendously to our understanding of the measurement issues that face educators. . . . I have found Popham's text to be an excellent choice for my introductory course in classroom assessment. Popham includes many "bonus items" that are not available in other texts including his "What Teachers Really Need to Know," "Parent Talk," "Pondertime," and "Self-Check." "Extended Applications" are also excellent in promoting critical thinking about key issues. The addition of these components, together with Popham's engaging writing style, helps bring assessment to life for educators." -Deborah Bennett, Purdue University

This prospective book discusses conceptual and pragmatic issues in the assessment of statistical knowledge and reasoning skills and the use of assessments to improve instruction among students at college and pre-college levels. It is designed primarily for academic audiences involved in teaching statistics and mathematics, and in teacher education and training. The book is divided in four sections: (I) Assessment goals and frameworks, (2) Assessing conceptual understanding of statistical ideas, (3) Innovative models for classroom assessments, and (4) Assessing understanding of probability. Both editors are involved in assessment issues in statistics. The book is written by leading researchers, statistics math educators and curriculum developers.