Ipsative assessment is a powerful new approach that provokes a radical rethink of the purposes and methods of assessment. This book presents a case for partially replacing competitive assessment with ipsative assessment, and it explores the possibilities and the challenges with research evidence and case studies.

This extremely topical and updated second edition of Assessment of Prior Learning: A Practitioners Guide focuses on the methods of correctly documenting and comprehensively assessing evidence of prior learning at institutions, outside formal education or training or via previous careers which enables students to gain credits on an academic course of study. Fully in-line with the updated Nursing and Midwifery Councils standards, this accessible text provides a wealth of activities to promote reflective study, fully customisable diary and assessment records and new contributors providing an insight to Assessment of Prior Leaning from a wider international context.

This book by Sheryn Spencer Waterman follows the bestselling Handbook on Differentiated Instruction for Middle and High Schools. With numerous examples and strategies, it is an all-inclusive manual on assessing student readiness, interests, learning and thinking styles. It includes examples of: - Pre-, Formative and Summative assessments - Informal and formal assessments - Oral and written assessments - Project and performance assessments - Highly structured and enrichment assessments for struggling to gifted students - Assessment tools and rubrics

This book brings together policymaker and practitioner knowledge, experiences, and perspectives on the interaction between the assessment and inclusion agenda to the fore. The book's analysis is built on comparative qualitative data from five different countries on four continents: Argentina, China, Denmark, England, and Israel. These countries have been chosen for their distinctive, and even contrasting, education policies, sociocultural and economic circumstances, and variations in performance across supranational and national standardised student assessments. In addressing these specific contexts, the book provides insights into the pitfalls and synergies which emerge as key stakeholders attempt to mediate these two educational concerns in both policy and practice.

This book makes the case for a revival in interest in the viva. As an oral assessment of a treatise or dissertation or of a student's performance in art or dance the viva has a long history dating back to the time of the Greeks. It can be found today in the form of professional, vocational and academic vivas, where a judgment of oral performance is required to gain entry into a profession or community of scholars. In a time when there are scandals about students selling essays to other students, the viva provides a fertile ground for probing the student to see whether they are in fact the authors of the work being assessed and know its content and how to think cognitively or otherwise. Given that we actually know so little about the viva, the book theorises the viva based on a unique sample of vivas that have been filmed or in which the author himself has been participant, and discusses why its format is so different in Anglo-Saxon languages and Latin and other languages. The book offers educational policy-makers and examiners a trade-off between arguments in support of the viva and the demand for other, ever more cost-effective forms of assessment as the numbers of both undergraduate and postgraduate students threaten to increase. It also argues that with demand in the labour market for qualified graduates who are better equipped with transferable skills, such as the ability to communicate complex ideas verbally in a competent, well-argued fashion and not merely through the use of rhetoric, what appear to be cost-effective forms of assessment in the short run (e.g. written exams with standardised questions or multiple choice) may actually in the long run be of less value if we are investing in a future workforce with so-called 21st century communication skills. If the viva were abandoned, the student would be robbed of the opportunity to stage a defence.

In the seventies, countries lauded American education as one of the best systems in the world. Then came the accountability movement. What was measured was what counted. Those who measured low were punished. Those who measured high were rewarded. With measurements came the loss of emphasis on the critical thought so necessary to the preservation of American democracy and improving the American way of life. Where do children learn the skills, practice and habits of democracy? Sharron Goldman Walker s second volume on democracy in education asks educators, especially teachers and principals, to contemplate their roles in education and its connections with the preservation of American democracy. Do we send children to school to learn only how to achieve high scores on high stakes tests? If democracy is not learned by practice in the schoolhouse, how will children recognize it when they leave it? Will they be able to critically reflect upon the issues presented to them? Today s politics have descended into mutual shouting matches, name-calling, hate and fear. Without the ability to critically reflect upon divergent views through reasoned discourse what will be the quality of the democracy? If democracy in education is not practiced in the schoolhouse, democracy in America will vanish.

The educational assessment of bilingual children in the Western world is highly controversial. The editors and authors of this book are experienced academics and practitioners in this field in the UK. They have taken the creative ideas of Jim Cummins across the Atlantic and have applied them through a novel technique of curriculum related assessment. The book describes the technique in detail and reports on its use in a wide range of settings. The book introduces the context and outlines some of the challenges facing teachers of bilingual children. Five central chapters show how teachers and psychologists have applied Cummins' framework to the analysis of classroom support; to specialist support for children with learning difficulties; to differentiating the curriculum in English and Science in secondary schools; to work with young children in primary schools; and to the assessment of children who have hearing impairment. These accounts demonstrate the flexibility and promise of the technique and also point out its limitations. The final section of the book applies Cummins' ideas to the analysis of language development in bilingual children. In addition, one chapter describes a new resource for assessing their language skills in both their languages.

This volume presents an analysis of the Erasmus+ funding process. It examines the first 3 years of the programme to discover if the funds are being distributed homogeneously throughout the regions of France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. If it turns out that funds are being unevenly delivered this could result in an inequity situation: students living in specific regions might have greater chances to benefit from KA102 funds, while other students might have fewer opportunities to benefit from these funds. The book looks in detail at the implementation and performance of the various programmes within Erasmus+, the funds and distribution of these funds, and the number of students in the programmes. The book studies these five countries because they contain more than half of all the vocational education and training students in the European Union. Also, these countries had the most students participating in mobilities during the previous Leonardo da Vinci programme. Hence, it is to be expected that the conclusions drawn in this study are representative of the situation of VET mobilities and Erasmus+ funding in Europe. Erasmus+ is the European programme in charge of fostering the development of transnational programmes in the areas of education, training, sports and youth policies. It is focused on the adaptation to a fast changing world, tackling youth unemployment, and preparing workers for highly skilled jobs. Erasmus+ integrates former programmes such as the Lifelong Learning Programme, Youth in Action, and the various international Higher Education and Sports programmes. It started in 2014 and will be active until 2020.

The future of online assessment and measurement is in the hands of the early adopters and hardy pioneers who are determined to overcome the challenges and help push forward and out the learning and assessment paradigm. Each of these pioneers knows that teaching, training, operational, learning, and assessment advances can only be realized when online assessment and measurement is better understood. ""Online Assessment and Measurement: Case Studies from Higher Education, K-12 and Corporate"" features a number of case studies detailing online applications and uses of assessment and measurement methodologies, systems, and practices across three broad educational or training areas: elementary and secondary (K - 12), higher education, and corporate. The pioneers' stories of migrating from old and introducing new assessments to the online environment have been challenging, exhilarating and rewarding.

Routledge Applied Linguistics is a series of comprehensive textbooks, providing students and researchers with the support they need for advanced study in the core areas of English language and Applied Linguistics. Each book in the series guides readers through three main sections, enabling them to explore and develop major themes within the discipline. Section A, Introduction, establishes the key terms and concepts and extends readers' techniques of analysis through practical application. Section B, Extension, brings together influential articles, sets them in context, and discusses their contribution to the field. Section C, Exploration, builds on knowledge gained in the first two sections, setting thoughtful tasks around further illustrative material. This enables readers to engage more actively with the subject matter and encourages them to develop their own research responses. Throughout the book, topics are revisited, extended, interwoven and deconstructed, with the reader's understanding strengthened by tasks and follow-up questions. Language Testing and Assessment: introduces students to the key methods and debates surrounding language testing and assessment explores the testing of linguistic competence of children, students, asylum seekers and many others in context of the uses to which such research can be put presents influential and seminal readings in testing and assessment by names such as Michael Canale and Merrill Swain, Michael Kane, Alan Davies, Lee Cronbach and Paul Meehl, and Pamela Moss. The accompanying website to this book can be found at http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/9780415339476/

Movement in Citiesa describes and analyses urban travel in terms ofa purpose, distance and frequency of journeys and modes and routes used, concentrating mainly on British towns with many references to the United States and Australia.

The authors elucidate the all-important interrelations between location of activities and the patterns of transport supply and use within towns. The issues they raise are of pressing practical and intellectual importance.

This book was first published in 1980.

a"

The giant city of today is a unique phenomenon. Never before have such acute problems of government, the provision of essential services, planning, social life, and civilized living arisen from uncontrolled urbanization. In the West and in the East, in the more developed and in the less developed countries, in capitalist and communist states, the great metropolis represents a problem of the first importance which challenges the statesman, the official, the town planner, the political scientist, the sociologist and, above all, the intelligent citizen.

The editor has here assembled an authoritative series of studies describing the growth, significance, government, politics adn planning of twenty-four great cities of the world. They show how these widely scattered cities faced essentially similar problems. Each study deals with the actual working of one city in the 1950s, how its elective adn executive bodies are organized, the kind of political forces which motivate their activities, the scope and character of the municipal services, how they are finiance. The cities dealt with include Bombay, Amsterdam, Moscow, Montreal, Stockholm, Rome, New York, London, Sydney and Tokyo.

This book was first published in 1954.

This book was first published in it's current form in 1974.

This book was first published in 1977.

As part of the American school reform movement, administrators are searching for ways of measuring students' skills and progress within the system. Courts and McInerney focus on the qualitative assessment possible through the use of student portfolios, particularly at the college level. The authors are concerned that the teaching and learning process will be subsumed by assessment and will become even more test-driven than it now is. A critical look at multiple-choice, standardized examinations shows how unmindful our educational testing is of psychosocial diversity. The authors warn that in upgrading American education nationwide, more effective and self-confirming measures should be faculty developed and locally controlled. The authors propose a new compact among teachers and students as they take mutual responsibility for the learning process and changing curriculum.

This book was first published in 1977.

This volume is the result of a 2016 research symposium sponsored by the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) focused on the growing theoretical areas of integrating story and narrative into educational design. Narrative, or storytelling, is often used as a means for understanding, conveying, and remembering the events of our lives. Our lives become a series of stories as we use narrative to structure our thinking; stories that teach, train, socialize, and create value. The contributions in this volume examine stories and narrative in instructional design and offer a diverse exploration of instructional design and learning environments. Among the topics discussed: The narrative imperative: creating a story telling culture in the classroom. Narrative qualities of design argumentation. Scenario-based workplace training as storytelling. Designing for adult learners' metacognitive development & narrative identity. Using activity theory in designing science inquiry games . Changing the narrative of school: toward a neurocognitive redefinition of learning. Educational Technology and Narrative is an invaluable resource offering application-ready ideas to students of instructional design, instructional design practitioners, and teachers seeking to utilize theories of story and narrative to the ways that they convey and express ideas of instructional design and educational technology.

This book provides the basics of student self-assessment and implementation challenges, and it offers practical solutions and examples for navigating the use of student self-assessment in various subject disciplines in primary schools, secondary schools and higher education. It provides an informed approach for educators to understand the complexities and subtleties involved in implementing self-assessment, and how this might include and impact on teachers and students. Involving students in assessment is not a new idea nor is student self-assessment a new assessment tool in schools. Despite the advantages and the necessity for including it in our pedagogic processes explicitly, the use of student self-assessment has been far from commonplace and consistent in classrooms, schools and universities. This book makes clear the choices of what, how and why student self-assessment is important and usable in the classroom. This book is designed for educators at different levels, and educational researchers. It will provide food for thought for pre- and in-service teachers and school leaders who are interested in nurturing independent and self-directed learners by involving students in the assessment process and maximising student learning through the use of student self-assessment.

* Features/Benefits o Provides a hands-on methodological guide and overview for understanding the data/results of longitudinal research in SLA/applied linguistics and for conducting one's own such studies, illustrating these methods with exemplary studies of language learning outcomes over a long term. o Original reportings of unique large-scale research studies offer the best one-stop shop for reading and understanding current quantitative longitudinal studies in language learning. o Appendices with data and pedagogical features make it useful for course use by instructors and students. * Demand/Audience o Meets the need for methodological clarity in collecting, managing/organizing, and analyzing quantitative longitudinal data on language learning by offering students and researchers of applied linguistics, testing, and education a practical guide to conducting this research along with unique exemplar studies. * Competition o The only book to focus on quantitative longitudinal data analysis specifically for an SLA/applied linguistics readership. One older book focuses on qualitative and other methods with a narrower focus, and no other book comes very close to doing what this book does.

'A must-read for school leaders and teacher trainers ... I wish every school leader would read this book' Dr Min Du, Teacher, researcher and international education consultant The new, fully updated edition of Ross Morrison McGill's bestselling Mark. Plan. Teach., now complete with a visual guide to the key ideas, illustrated by Oliver Caviglioli. Mark. Plan. Teach. 2.0 includes an illustrated visual booklet, a foreword by Professor Andy Hargreaves and exciting new ideas in line with current best practice, recent thinking and developments around marking and feedback. There are three things that every teacher must do: mark work, plan lessons and teach students well. This refreshed guide from Ross, bestselling author of 100 Ideas for Secondary Teachers: Outstanding Lessons, Teacher Toolkit and Just Great Teaching, is packed full of practical ideas that will help teachers refine the key elements of their profession. Mark. Plan. Teach. 2.0 shows how each stage of the teaching process informs the next, building a cyclical framework that underpins everything that teachers do. With teachers' workload still at record levels and teacher recruitment and retention the number one issue in education, ideas that really work and will help teachers not only survive but thrive in the classroom are in demand. Every idea in Mark. Plan. Teach. 2.0 can be implemented by all primary and secondary teachers at any stage of their career and will genuinely improve practice. The ideas have been tried and tested and are supported by evidence that explains why they work, including current educational research and psychological insights from Professor Tim O'Brien, leading psychologist and Honorary Professor at UCL Institute of Education.

Adapting Educational and Psychological Tests for Cross-Cultural Assessment critically examines and advances new methods and practices for adapting tests for cross-cultural assessment and research. The International Test Commission (ITC) guidelines for test adaptation and conceptual and methodological issues in test adaptation are described in detail, and questions of ethics and concern for validity of test scores in cross-cultural contexts are carefully examined. Advances in test translation and adaptation methodology, including statistical identification of flawed test items, establishing equivalence of different language versions of a test, and methodologies for comparing tests in multiple languages, are reviewed and evaluated. The book also focuses on adapting ability, achievement, and personality tests for cross-cultural assessment in educational, industrial, and clinical settings. This book furthers the ITC's mission of stimulating research on timely topics associated with assessment. It provides an excellent resource for courses in psychometric methods, test construction, and educational and/or psychological assessment, testing, and measurement. Written by internationally known scholars in psychometric methods and cross-cultural psychology, the collection of chapters should also provide essential information for educators and psychologists involved in cross-cultural assessment, as well as students aspiring to such careers.